Carpet Industry Reality
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•
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4.5 Billion pounds of carpet are sent to
landfills annually – That’s 2% of annual US
landfill volume.
20 years ago there were 18,000 public
landfills that would accept carpet – today
there are approximately 1,800
State landfill bans, advanced disposal fees,
and likely RCRA 6002 CPG designation by
Federal EPA in 2006.
Annual US Landfill Volume
(Actual and Projected)
sq yds
Solid waste is the single largest
environmental impact made by the
carpet industry. Transitional
strategies like monofills and WTE
will precede C2C.
X 1000 = billions
pounds
Carpet Industry Environmental Footprint
1990
2002
2012
Landfill
<5%
CO2
Energy
~50%
~70%
~85%
~75%
Water
Waste
47% increase in
yd2 produced
1990 to 2220
46%
HAPS
Paradigms of the Past
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•
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Cradle-to-grave production has been the carpet norm
since introduction of tufting in the 1950’s.
Shaw grew to industry dominance in 1980’s through
efficiency and scale. We began reducing waste and
recycling 60 different waste streams before it was
considered “environmentally correct”.
The industry was challenged in 1994 to move toward
“sustainability”, but it has largely remained a marketing
issue. Sustainable technologies are more talk than
action.
Establishing Cradle-to-Cradle Innovation at Shaw
• Industry must see the business case for sustainability. Doing things right is not
enough.
• The commercial carpet industry was an early adopter of sustainability as a
competitive issue.
• Most carpet industry efforts were initially aimed at raw material and resource
use reductions. Reducing waste had a positive financial effect. Shaw had
already been doing these things since the mid-1980’s.
• Carpet tile backing presented an
opportunity for sustainable innovation
due to PVC toxicity concerns and high
backing weights of emulsion coating.
• Metallecene polyolefin offered a
pathway to a flexible backing that could
be extruded at low weight without the
use of plasticizers (1997 Scientific
American article).
Champions Are Key To Success
• A partnership between Middle Management and Senior Management is critical
to setting realistic goals and development budgets. Early successes are
essential.
• Senior Management funded EcoWorx backing development in two stages based
on material formulations run on outside equipment that demonstrated the path
forward at the same or lower price than PVC.
• Design parameters were lower weight,
equal cost and performance, sustainable
recycling, and competitive advantage
protected by IP.
• By June 1999 we had perfected the
EcoWorx formulation and developed
marketing materials for its introduction at
Neocon in Chicago.
• EcoWorx won Most Innovative Product
at Neocon, manufacturing management
saw that the market
perceived value.
A Five Million Dollar Investment
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The biggest hurdle for the project was the 1996 construction of a 1
million sq. ft. carpet tile facility with state-of-the-art PVC backing
capabilities. Shaw had the most stable PVC backing in the industry.
Shaw spent $1 Million in the pilot phase on a single station extrusion
line that produced first quality tile. Production of significant amounts
of material for test installations was critical to further funding.
Senior Management decided to fund an EcoWorx extrusion line with
a capital cost of $5 Million based on early tile success and the
promise of a single technology platform for tile and broadloom.
Beyond the pressure on PVC, the magnitude of PC carpet and
regulatory threat of landfill bans encouraged further development.
We expected an exit from PVC in 6 to 8 years (and did it in 4 yrs).
McDonough and Braungart
Cradle to Cradle…
• In 2000 we approached Bill and Michael to learn
more about their work to apply it to our own with
more rigor.
• EcoWorx offered a truly recyclable material, but it
took optimization under the MBDC Toxicity Protocol
to achieve a true technical nutrient.
• At this time Evergreen depolymerization was
running and Shaw was taking over 50% of the
output. EcoSolution Q nylon 6 was recoverable as a
technical nutrient. All dyes, pigments, and
auxiliaries were tested and optimized under MBDC.
• Our work with Bill and Michael has provided
clarity in our pursuit of sustainable solutions since
that time.
Reaching Out To A Cradle-to-Cradle Audience
The William McDonough
Design Portfolio reflects
the sophisticated design
interpretation of Bill’s
photograph’s from China.
It’s a statement that
environmental excellence
does not have to sacrifice
cutting-edge design and
color. Specifiers and
owners have made the
portfolio one of the fastest
growing carpet tile
offerings in the industry.
Growth of EcoWorx Sales
EcoWorx
% of Shaw
% of Industry
1999
42,000 sy
.5%
.1%
2000
723,000 sy
8.8%
2%
2001
2,516,000 sy
30.5%
6%
2002
3,159,000 sy
39.6%
7.7%
2003
4,584,000 sy
53.8%
10.7%
2004
7,890,000 sy
77.5%
19%
2005
(est.)
11,040,000 sy
91%
23%
Shaw exited PVC carpet tile production at the end of 2004, 4 years after introduction.
EcoWorx was responsible for annual double-digit tile growth since 2001. About 9% of
2005 tile sales will be produced with the EcoLogix PET cushion tile backing.
EcoWorx Environmental Guarantee
Every square yard of EcoWorx carpet tile is sold with an environmental
guarantee. A toll-free number is imprinted on the back of every tile.
Shaw will transport and recycle its EcoWorx carpet tiles at the end of
the useful life of the installation, at Shaw expense, back into more
EcoWorx tile of the same quality. No EcoWorx backing need ever go to
a landfill if the occupier will call this number at the time of uplift,
regardless of who originally purchased the tile and regardless of what
product may be replacing the tile.
Elutriation of Eco/Eco
• Grinding and air classification of
backing and fiber streams
• Current capacity of 3.75 million sy
annually. Current return rate of
50,000 sy annually.
• 2005 production est. of 11 million
sy. Current elutriation capacity
should suffice through 2010.
• EcoWorx stream is immediately
returned EcoWorx production.
• Nylon 6 materials pooling
agreement with BASF Arnprior not
yet utilized.
Additional Waste Streams
• Recent addition of post-industrial filler from EVA automotive
sound insulation. Replaces 5% to 20% of polymer weight without
loss of performance or recyclability.
• Polyethylene stretch film can also be pelletized and used to
reduce virgin polymer weight. Fillers necessary in order to
maintain sufficient mass and backstitch coverage.
• Current EVA latex precoat is now being converted to an EVA
hotmelt formulation that will boost thermoplastic content and give
higher wet/dry strength.
• EcoWorx was designed to be a robust low-melt polymer
platform. This lowers cost and increases recycled content
sources. Focus is on noncarpet sources, but much more needs
to be done to identify and evaluate opportunities.
The Philosophy Behind
Shaw’s Vision of A Cradleto-Cradle Future
‘Cradle-to-Grave’ Production
Take
Raw material
extraction and
synthesis
Make
Waste
Manufacturing,
production,
distribution, use
Landfill,
incineration
‘Cradle-to-Grave’ Production
It would require four more planets
the size of earth for every person in
the world to reach present US levels
of consumption.
Resource consumption in China, India, and other rapidly industrializing
nations in the global economy is already affecting capacities and pricing.
Thermoplastics vs. Thermosets
Thermoplastic polymer chemistry
allows products to be sustainably
recycled.
Thermosets are difficult to
separate into their original
components.
EcoWorx embodies intelligent design for disassembly. Sustainable carpets
must evolve beyond the use of inexpensive thermosets like SBR latex.
Sustainability Must Be A
Standard Business Practice
The “traditional environmentalist” response is
an unacceptable solution to industry goals of
growth and profitability. Cradle-to-Cradle
Design offers the only demonstrated path to a
sustainable future.
Take
Less
Make
Less
Waste
Less
Environmental Influences
Shaw had a desire to go beyond simple recycling and the goal of zero
waste with sustainable technologies that could become strategic to
operational excellence and profit improvement. We chose to treat
sustainability as an extension of quality and drive it with a management
system approach.
Cradle To Cradle Metabolisms
Biological Metabolism
Biological
Nutrients
Products of Consumption
Technical Metabolism
Technical
Nutrients
Products of Service
EcoWorx and EcoSolution Q conform to the concept of technical metabolism
as described by McDonough and Braungart. Both metabolisms are valid
pathways to a C2C future.
Shaw Adapts
Cradle-to-Cradle
Principles
Cradl
eto
Cradl
e
Shaw has adapted Cradle-to-Cradle concepts to describe a future where our
carpets are made of technical nutrients that are safe for humans and the
environment, make intelligent use of nonrenewable energy, and are
returned to sustainable manufacturing through recycling infrastructure.
Safe and Healthy Materials
• By what toxicity measure?
MBDC Chemical Protocol testing
of EcoWorx, Eco Solution Q, and
all additives and colorants, tested
to 100 ppm level in supply chain.
• Consensus standards
CRI seeking Unified Carpet
Standard as a voluntary, consensus,
LCA-based approach. Open to 3rd
party and self-certification.
• Thermoplastics vs. thermosets
Recycling of thermoplastics must be weighed against the
low cost and high performance of traditional thermosets.
Infrastructure of collection must channel thermosets into
non-carpet recycled uses. (NyBoard, LA Fibers, Remlon
automotive nylon).
Safety is boring.
Until the 30-foot waves start to hit.
EcoWorx and EcoSolution Q were assessed and
optimized under the MBDC Toxicity Protocol. Shaw will
continue to utilize the protocol for product development.
Coal Fly Ash Toxicity Profile
Parameter
TCLP
TCLP
TCLP
TCLP
TCLP
TCLP
TCLP
TCLP
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Silver
Hazardous
Limit (mg/L)
PV 14A
PV 20A
5
100
1
5
5
0.2
1
5
<0.10
2.13
<0.05
<0.10
<0.10
<0.002
<0.10
<0.50
<0.10
2.50
<0.05
<0.10
<0.10
<0.002
<0.10
<0.50
Source:
Georgia Power Plant Robins
Macon, GA
Energy Reduction
• By what energy measure?
No adequate embodied energy protocol as yet as an
analog to MBDC Toxicity. LCA calculation methods used
to validate move from PVC. Matching supply chain
speciation down to 100 ppm may be difficult in practice.
• Role of Life Cycle Analysis
Sustainable attributes must be optimized through good
science. Shaw EcoWorx vs. Shaw PVC study 2005.
• Linking Mass and Energy
We have no additional future
mass income. Material is the
focus today. The sun may
provide ample future energy
income.
The Promise of Solar Energy
• True C2C anticipates a solar future that relies on the current
solar income of the earth.
• Adapted C2C recognizes the need to continuously reduce
the fossil reliance of today’s economy and make intelligent
decisions about its use.
• As part of Berkshire Hathaway, Shaw’s vertical integration
plan does not include energy demonstration technologies at
present. Berkshire’s MidAmerican Energy is planning the
largest wind farm project in the US –a 310 megawatt project
that will power the equivalent of 330,000 homes each year.
Transitional Strategies
Shaw Waste to Steam Facility
90% of all landfilled carpet is a cleaner fuel source than coal
“Carpet Derived Fuel”
Shaw Gasifier
Shaw Gasifier Facts
•
Transitional strategy to divert carpet from landfill.
•
Replaces old boilers that burned coal and #6 fuel oil.
•
•
•
16,000 tons/yr of carpet derived fuel and 6000 tons/yr of
wood flour from laminate operations will be converted to
synthetic gas.
Steam production only. No power generation.
Reduced emissions for Plant 81. Carpet contains no
heavy metals like mercury.
Value Recovery
• By what measures?
Can we recover carpets for recycling in ways that are
economicly, ecologically and socially sustaining? Includes use of LCA
and Environmental Management and Cost Systems.
• Economies of Scale
Drivers of collection infrastructure must be diverse and
adaptive. WTE is a transitional technology that diverts mass from
landfills. Higher value use of waste is the objective. C2C recycling
may not yield the lowest LCA impact, but technology can change that.
• Competition or Cooperation?
Alone, together, or with CARE? Eco/Eco products promise
EOL recovery. Elutriation is in place, but volume low until 2007-2009.
Restart or further development of nylon recycling is critical to success.
Material pooling will be difficult until thermoplastics become more
widespread in carpet.
Cradle to Cradle is a beautiful thing
even to a bean counter…
…if it’s profitable.
$
EcoWorx Backing
Development
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•
Alternative to PVC
Cradle to cradle
recycling
30% lighter weight
than PVC
40% recycled content
Environmental
guarantee (e.g.)
Chemical Input Composition of EcoWorx and
Permabac Process
Materials name
Dyed nylon fiber
Polyester (PET)
LDPE
HDPE
Fly ash
Latex
Other additives
Jayflex 77 plasticizer
PVC resin
Calcium carbonate
Total
ECOWORX
Mass, kg/sy
Composition
0.57
0.11
0.3402
0.06
0.85
0.51
0.59
18.7%
3.7%
11.2%
1.9%
28.1%
16.9%
19.4%
3.03
100%
Mass, kg/sy
PERMABAC
Composition
0.57
0.11
0.74
0.13
0.535635889
0.429041683
1.96
4.47
12.7%
2.5%
16.5%
2.9%
12.0%
9.6%
43.8%
100%
List of additives in Permabac Carpet Tile
Chemical name
CAS no.
Sb2O3 Antimony trioxide
ammonia
carbon black
Anionic surfactant
Anionic Surface modifier
Hydrous Aluminum Silicate
sodium polyacrylate copolymer solution
Stainblocker1
Stainblocker2
n-Paraffinic Hydrocarbon
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Soy phospholipids
Calcium oxide
methylenebisthiocyanate
Sodium Polyacrylate
PVC stabilizer
Fluorochemical
zinc pyridinethione C10H8N2O2S2Zn
1309-64-4
7664-41-7
1333-86-4
1332-58-7
25987-30-8
64771-72-8
251-55-300
8002-43-5
1305-78-8
6317-18-6
9003--04--7
13463-41-7
List of additives of EcoWorx Carpet Tile
Chemical Name
Anionic Surface modifier
methylenebisthiocyanate
proplene glycol
Anionic surfactant
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Ethylene/octene copolymer
w/maleic anhydride
parrafinic oil
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Stainblocker 1
Stainblocker 2
Fluorochemical
Cas. No.
6317-18-6
57-55-6
680-31-9
085244-45-7
251-55-300
Comparison of Permabac PVC and EcoWorx
Dyed nylon fiber
PET
Mass, kg/sy ..
Fiber glass
4.50
Diisoheptyl phthalate
4.00
Ethene, chloro-homopolymer,
3.50
Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer
3.00
poly(Ethylacrylate-co-vinyl chloride)
2.50
2.00
Proprietary carboxylated
butadiene/acrylate polymer
Hydrocarbon resin
1.50
Al(OH)3
1.00
LDPE
0.50
CaCO3 or fly ash
0.00
PERMABAC
ECOWORX
Additives
CRADLE-TO-GATE ENERGY COMPARISON
for EcoWorx and Permabac Tile
ECOWORX
Ctg energy,
MJ/kg
Mass,
kg/sy
Carpet supply
chain, MJ/sy
LDPE & HDPE
19
.34
6.6
Flyash
0
0.85
0
Total, approximate
6.6
EcoWorx process, gtg
8.7
Total, MJ/sy
15.3
PERMABAC
PVC & plasticizer
CaCO3
34
0.97
33
0.18
1.96
.35
Total, approximate
33.4
Permabac process,
gtg
9.8
43.2
ECOWORX and PERMABAC Process Energy Comparison
ECOWORX
energy,
kJ/sy
Electricity
Heating steam
Direct fuel
Energy
requirement
Generation
efficiency from
natural fuel.
ECOWORX natural fuel
energy, kJ/sy
PERMABAC
energy, kJ/sy
PERMABAC natural
fuel energy, kJ/sy
3620
0.32
11300
1380
4320
1400
0.85
1650
1560
1830
3670
1.00
3670
7000
7000
16600
9910
13100
8690
In conclusion, at the carpet manufacturing plant (gtg level) the two carpet systems differ by a small
amount in energy consumption. The higher energy use for EcoWorx has been directly related to
the physical/chemical properties of the principal ingredients. However, this comparison has only a
slight dependency on carpet weight.
Benefits of Sustainable Redesign
Permabac PVC
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Chlorinated PVC concerns
Phthalate plasticizer concerns
Heavy PVC coating for stability
Limestone filler
Antimony trioxide flame retardant
(patent restriction)
Nylon contamination
Extrusion corrosion concerns
Smoke density <450
4000 sy per trailer load
18” x 18” standard
High radiant heat processing
EOL material value uncertain
Too heavy for broadloom use
Higher incidence of installer injury
EcoWorx polyolefin
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Food-grade polyolefin
Flexibilized by polyethylene
30% - 40% lighter weight
Safe coal fly ash filler
Aluminum trihydrate flame
retardant
Nylon recovery not affected
Lower capital cost
Smoke density <200
7000 sy per trailer load, lower cost
24” x 24” standard
30% less process energy
Positive EOL value
High potential for broadloom use
Better ergonomics, fewer accidents
EcoSolution Q
and Fiber Production
at Shaw
Eco Solution Q®
premium branded
commercial nylon
• 25% post-industrial recycled content in every pound
• Full warranty program
• Dedicated toll-free customer service line
Comparison Of Nylon 6 & Nylon 6,6 (Ctg)
Cradle-to-Gate supply chain energy from published studies
Source
Nylon 6, MJ/kg
Nylon 6,6, MJ/kg
Difference, %
Boustead
(Europe)
93
81
15
DOE - OIT
76
65
17
LCI energy data from nylon 6 depolymerization is unavailable, but it
is unlikely that the process energy of depolymerization would
exceed the virgin supply chain energy. There is no demonstrated
commercialized process for recovery of white nylon 6,6. LCI
estimates that make a claim of nylon service life of 30 years ignore
the fact that the average commercial replacement cycle of 7 years
has not changed significantly in the last 20 years.
Shaw Fibers
• Among the largest carpet fiber producers in the world
• Over 600 million lbs. of carpet fiber per year produced
• 8 manufacturing plant locations in the Southeast
• Nylon 6, Polypropylene, Polyester, and PTT
• The most fully integrated carpet fiber producer
• From Cyclohexane base raw material to finished nylon 6 carpet
fiber
• Produce custom colorants for solution dye fiber in one of the
largest color resin plants in North America
•
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•
•
•
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•
•
1994
1997
1999
1999
1999
2002
2003
2003
2004
Began redesign of carpet tile
EcoSolution Q Introduction
EcoWorx Introduction
Best of NeoCon
Governor’s Pollution Prevention
EcoWorx exceeds PVC production
Third Party Certification - MBDC
EPA Presidential Green Chemistry
Shaw exits PVC
2004 Impact Reductions
•
•
20 million lbs of post-industrial nylon 6 recycled.
29 million lbs of post-industrial waste recycled into carpet yarn of
all types.
•
16 million lbs of post–industrial coal fly ash recycled.
•
15 million lbs of post-industrial waste recycled into fiber pad.
•
•
Post-consumer PET green drink bottles recycled into Ecologic
cushion.
Shaw exited PVC in favor of EcoWorx polyolefin thermoplastic
extruded backing.
Recycling of
Eco/Eco Products
Recycle Content Projection
Recycle Process
Efficiency
EcoWorx Backing
50%
30%
Recovered Tiles
End-of- Life Tile
50%
Discarded Tiles
Projected 25% of new backing will be manufactured using old tile
based of 50% recovery rate and current 30% process efficiency.
Next Generation
EcoWorx Backing
Recycling Flow Diagram
End-of-Life
Ecoworx Tile
Depolymerization to Caprolactam
Polmerization & Spinning
Transportation
4 MJ/sq yd
75% Purity
2.47 kg/sq yd
Nylon
Nylon Face Fiber
23%
Waste
47%
Size Reduction
& Separation
1.14 MJ/sq yd
2.686 kg/sq yd
30%
Backing Material
Next Generation of
Ecoworx Tile
Ecoworx Backing
25%
75%
Energy assigned to nylon and backing material
Virgin Backing
Material
Elutriation Energy Calculations
2.25 MJ/sq yd  Backing
4.0 MJ/sq yd
1.75 MJ/sq yd  Nylon Fraction
2.89 MJ/ sq yd
Backing
0.64 MJ/sq yd  Backing
1.14 MJ/ sq yd
0.5 MJ/sq yd  Nylon Fraction
2.89 MJ/ sq yd vs. 6.6 MJ/ sq yd for Virgin EcoWorx material
56% Energy saving for recycled backing material
Effect of Tile Recovery
2.89 MJ/ sq yd  Recycle Backing
6.6 MJ/ sq yd  Virgin Backing
25%
75%
5.67 MJ/sq yd Next Generation Backing
14% Energy Saving
• Raising the Recycle Content of the backing is ONLY possible if collection
and elutriation is more efficient.
• At 100% tile recovery the recycle content is at a maximum of 50% on a
sustainable basis for 30% Overall Energy Saving.
Percentage
Eco/Eco Recycling Energy Efficiency
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ecoworx Generation
% Total Energy Used
% of Tiles Recovered
Accumulated energy per
yard square (kJ/yrd2)
Accumulated Energy Usage in Eco/Eco
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Generation
Recycled Material Energy Accumulation
100% Virgin Material Energy Accumulation
Corporate
Environmental Efforts
at Shaw
Corporate Environmental
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Created in September 2004 in recognition of
the strategic importance of environmental
issues.
Paired with Corporate Quality (ISO9001/SQS)
due to the need for an environmental
management system (ISO14001/SES).
“Environment” is the new “Quality”. Another
way to operational excellence and profit
improvement.
Environmental Management System
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Shaw Environmental System (SES) ISO 14001 based
Takes advantage of the ISO 9000 based Shaw Quality
System (SQS) driven by Six Sigma.
Continuing development of Environmental Cost System
to define the environmental and social aspects of
business.
Internally focused to drive innovation by making
environmental improvement a standard Shaw business
practice.
Integrating Our Quality
and Environmental Systems
SQS
(ISO 9001)
Unique
Customer Focus
Product Realization
Design and Development
Production and Service
Customer Satisfaction
Control of NCP
SES
Shared
(ISO 14001)
Unique
Policy Manual and Statement
Document Control
Objectives and Targets
Training
Internal Auditing
Measuring and Monitoring
Calibration
CA/PA Systems
Management Review
Aspects and Impacts
Emergency Response
Interested Parties
Regulatory Compliance
SES Update:
Shaw Environmental System
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SES is data-driven through a formal management system
structure, but it is also a price of admission for credibility in
sustainability claims.
All seven pilot facilities on-schedule for July 2005 certification.
All remaining plants prioritized and scheduled for certification by
end 2006.
SES will include an environmental measurement system
appropriate to each facility, but common corporate
measurements will be summarized.
Key Corporate Aspects:
What to measure?
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Solid Waste, Energy, and Water
Basic goals: Identification, benchmarking, and
reduction of impacts.
Selection criteria: Highly significant, highly
achievable, and highly aggressive.
Tracking the scope and pace of technology
development is also critical.
Environmental Research
Interviews and Survey
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A Shaw internal awareness and attitudes survey will
establish a baseline for annual measurement.
Pride Day completion of 48 F2F interviews to help in
designing an effective annual survey.
Survey will go to 3000 Shaw respondents, hourly and
salaried, in an on-line survey in May.
Objective is to help define Shaw’s environmental identity
and create messaging for internal and external audiences.
Environmental Research
Employee F2F Interview Findings
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Environmental Awareness
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Low level of knowledge and awareness
27% could not name any impacts from Shaw processes
37% believe we have effective ways to measure impacts now
21% believe carpet is toxic
58% believe carpet is sustainable now
Environmental Attitudes
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87% believe stewardship is important at work and home
50% are pessimistic about the future of the environment
73% are enthusiastic about Shaw initiatives and want to be involved
15% feel sustainability is a waste of time
Opinions About Shaw
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Overwhelmingly positive (80%+)
Only 68% view Shaw as an environmental leader
Only 75% said Shaw products are totally safe and healthy
Only 70% feel Shaw is adequately involved in their community
Question everything. Make honest assessments. Change.
“ Shaw Industries recognizes that merely preserving
and conserving the natural bounty of the earth will not
make us a sustainable corporation. A truly sustainable
carpet industry must mimic nature's organic cycle of
life, death, and rebirth. The answer does not lie in
limiting growth, but in encouraging the kind of growth
that is cradle-to-cradle, returning carpet to carpet
endlessly. Toward that end, Shaw has adopted these
productive policies and practices.”
R.E. Shaw
CEO
Shaw Environmental Vision
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Environmental sustainability is our destination and cradle-to-cradle is our path.
Our entire corporation and all stakeholders will value and share this vision.
Through eco-effective technology we will continuously redesign our products, our
processes, and our corporation.
We will take responsibility for all that we do and strive to return our products to
technical nutrient cycles that virtually eliminate the concept of waste.
We will plan for generations, while accepting the urgency of the present. We are
committed to the communities where we live and work. Our resources, health,
and diversity will not be compromised.
We look forward to a solar-powered future utilizing the current solar income of the
earth, anticipating declining solar costs and rising fossil fuel costs as technology
and resource depletion accelerate.
We will lead our industry in developing and delivering profitable cradle-to-cradle
solutions to our free-market economy. Economy, equity, and ecology will be
continually optimized.
“Any jackass can kick down a
barn, but it takes a good
carpenter to build one .”
- Sam Rayburn