Unit 1
personality
Part one
•
Preparation
1. Mr. and Miss So and So
• Directions: Work in pairs to complete
these imaginary names to form adjectives
that describe a person’s personality. Try
not to use the dictionary unless necessary.
Write one letter in each blank.
• Example: Mr. Lazy does not like working
1) Mr. G
entl
e would not even hurt ….
2) Miss Ded i c a t ed puts her heart into..
3) Mr. Con s i d e r a te always thinks of what
other people need.
4) Mr. Ad v e n t ur ous likes to go to wild…
5) It is hard t o upset Mr. C al m.
6) Mr. Ag g r e s s i ve is always ready…
7) Miss C r i t i c al enjoys finding falt…
8) Mr. E nerget
ic works 14 hours…
9) Miss Se l f i s h h won’t share her own..
10) Miss Am b i t i o us wants to be good,…
• 10. Miss Am b_i_t _ i_ o_us wants to be
good, better, and the best.
o n_f_
i d_en
• 11. Mr. Self-c_
_ _t knows he is
good, and believes he can do things well.
12. Mr. E_a s_ y_go
_ _ ing does not get angry
or upset easily for small th9ings and
gets along with others well.
• 13. Miss Tr_ _ _ful never tells any lies.
• (Truthful )
• 14. Mr. Out_ _ _ _g likes meeting people and
is sociable. (Outgoing)
• 15. My name is F_ _ _ k. I do not like your
make-up.
• (Frank)
• 16. Mr. S_ _ _ _ _ _ve understands other
people’s feelings and problems. But he is
also easily hurt or upset.
• (Sensitive)
• 17. Mr. B_ _ _ y is always telling others
what to do.
• (Bossy)
• 18. Miss P_ _ _ _ _ t never gets annoyed
when doing something that takes a long time.
• (Patient)
• 19.Mr. T_ _ _ _ _ _ve speaks too
much on any occasion. (Talkative)
• 20. Mr. P_ _ _ _ _ _ _ve is likely to
persuade others to believe or do a
particular thing
• (Persuasive)
• 21. Miss Sy_ _ _ _ _ _ _ic is kind to
those people in misfortune.
(Sympathetic)
• 22. Miss E_ _ _ _ _ _ al shows
her feelings very openly.(Emotional)
Personality and Job
 Directions: Discuss with your partner and
decide the personality traits that you think
would make an ideal person for the
following job. You must think of at least
three words for each job either by
referring to the words in Exercise 1 or
using your imagination.
Words that can be used to describe a
person’s personality include ：
• kind, generous, sympathetic, broad-minded,
selfish, patient, warm-hearted, brave, timid,
shy, enthusiastic, honest, modest, easygoing,
moody, tolerant, friendly, adventurous, clever,
humorous, intelligent, amicable, cruel, sinister,
affectionate, careful, gentle, lazy, independent,
reserved, sensitive,frank, thoughtful,
considerate...
Jobs
Personality Traits
salesman or hard-working, boastful, shrewd, acute,
saleswoman tricky
doctor
patient, calm, independent, careful,
sympathetic
police
brave, alert, independent
accountant
careful, honest, cautious
teacher
humorous, bossy, patient, tolerant,
talkative
lawyer
tour guide
persuasive, expressive, eloquent, serious
enthusiastic, talkative, expressive, energetic
host or
emotional, expressive, optimistic, easygoing
hostess of a
show
reporter
secretary
easygoing, tolerant, sensitive, frank, thorough
spokesman
intelligent, talkative, diplomatic
Personality Test
STEP ONE Work in pairs. Interview
your partner about his or her
personality and write down
the answers.
STEP TWO Score
STEP ONE 6-1
Work in pairs. Interview your partner about his
or her personality and write down the answers.
1) Which color do you prefer?
A. blue
B grey
C. orange
解析：选出你喜欢的颜色，grey指灰色。
STEP ONE 6-2
2) What would you rather do?
A. play a team game, e.g. football
B. play a game for two, e.g. tennis
C. take exercise on your own, e.g. run, cycle or jog
解析：选出你愿意做的事情，would rather是宁愿的意思， 选项
是参加团体比赛，如足球；B是参加双人对抗赛，如网球；
C是自己做锻炼，如跑步，骑车或跳跃。
3) What would you rather be?
A. be rich and famous
B. be rich, but not famous C. be poor and happy
解析：你愿意成为什么样的人？A是富有，出
名；B是富有， 但不出名；C是穷但很
快乐。
STEP ONE 6-3
4) Where would you prefer to live?
A. in a big city B. in a small town C. in the
country
解析：你愿意住在哪儿? prefer to do “更喜欢， 宁愿”的
意思。A. 住在大城市；B. 住在小镇上；C. 住在乡下。
5) In what way would you rather work?
A. work alone B. work with two or three
people
C. work with a lot of people
解析：你愿意怎样工作? A. 一个人； B. 和两三
个人一起，C. 和一群人。
STEP ONE 6-4
6) What would you rather be?
A. a defense lawyer B. a prosecution
lawyer C. a judge
解析：你愿意成为谁? A. 辩护律师，defense是辩护； B.原告
律师，prosecution 是控告；C. 法官。
7) What would you rather be?
A. a film star B. a doctor
writer
C. a
解析：你愿意成为谁? A. 电影明星；B. 医生；C. 作
家。
STEP ONE 6-5
8) Where would you rather have a holiday?
A. in Disneyworld
B. on a small island
C. in an old and beautiful city
解析：你愿意在哪儿度假? A. 在迪斯尼动画世界；B. 在一个
小岛上；C. 在一座古老美丽的城市里。
• 9) What would you prefer to do?
A. go to a disco B. go out with one friend
C. stay at home alone
解析：你愿意做哪一件事? A. 去迪斯科舞厅；
B. 和一个朋友出去；C. 一个人呆在家里。
STEP ONE 6-6
10) Who would you prefer to have dinner
with?
A. a famous person
B. a large group of friends
C. someone from your family
解析：你愿意和谁共进
晚餐?
A. 一位名人；
B. 一大群朋友；
C. 家里人。
STEP TWO 2-1
• Score 0—2 points for each of your partner's
answers and add up the total. The final score
will show what kind of person he or she might
be.
A
B
C
A
B
C
1)
1
0
2
6)
2
1
0
2)
2
1
0
7)
2
1
0
3)
2
1
0
8)
2
0
1
4)
2
1
0
9)
2
1
0
5)
0
1
2
10)
1
2
0
STEP TWO 2-2
• SCORE: 15 to 20
– You like being with people. You are ambitious
and you want to be successful.
• SCORE: 9 to14
– You like being with special friends. You’d like a
job associated with people, but you’d prefer to
meet one or two people at a time.
• SCORE: 8 and under
– You like being on your own. You’d prefer a
quiet job.
Personality Words
• Directions: The following are some
adjectives that describe one’s
personality.
They
are
hidden
forward, backward, up, down, and
diagonally (对角地). Work in pairs to
find all the words. There are at
least twenty words.
Part Two
•
New words
Menu of Key Words Study
1. acquaintance
2. circulate
3. concept
4. contrast
5. converse
6. determined
7. dwell
8. eliminate
9. excessively
10. expectation
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
fulfilling
hobby
inadequacy
Inferior
jealousy
overcome
passive
reasonable
thoughtfully
unattractive
1. acquaintance -1
n. 认识的人；相识，了解
【课本句】
Try making one acquaintance at a time;
试着一次结识一个朋友;
【常用搭配】
make someone’s acquaintance 介绍认识某人
make the acquaintance of someone
结识某人，接近某人
I make her acquaintance through his
introduction. 经由他的介绍我认识了她。
I have some acquaintance with
language.
对这种语言我有一些了解。
the
acquaintance -2
She is only an acquaintance, not a friend
of min
她只是我认识的一个人，不是我的朋友。
【固定搭配】
drop an acquaintance
断绝来往
have a nodding acquaintance with… 与······有
点头之交
【记忆】
acquainted adj. 熟悉的
acquaint
v. 认识，了解
2. circulate-1
v. 循环；周旋； 传递；发行
【课本句】
Eventually you will circulate in large groups
witskill and self-assurance.
最终你将能够自信熟练地在众多的人群中交往。
【例句】
Blood circulates through the body.血液在体内
循环。
These magazines circulate mostly in rural
areas.
这些杂志大部分在农村发行销售。
circulate-2
The host and hostess circulated among their
guests.
男主人和女主人在客人中周旋。
【记忆】
circulation n. 循环，流通，传播
in circulation 在流通中，在传播中
3. concept
n. 观念，概念，思想
【课本句】
A person’s self-concept is reflected in the
he or she behaves.
way
一个人对自我的看法在他或她的行为方式中有所反映。
【例句】
People will be familiar with the concept that all
substances are made up of molecule.
人们都将知晓这样的概念 ，即所有的物质都是由分子组
成的。
【记忆法】
conceptive adj. 概念上的
conception n.
概念的形成，思想，想法
4. contrast-1
n. 对照，对比，相比（常与to，with 连用）
v. （与······）对立，对比
【课本句】
In contrast, shy people, having low selfesteem .
相比之下，害羞的人自尊心不强。
【常用搭配】
in contrast to
和······成对比
contrast… with… 将······和······进行对比
contrast -2
【例句】
His black skin is in sharp contrast to his
whiteteeth.
他的黑皮肤与白牙齿成鲜明对照。
In contrast to the city life, time seemed to
pass slowly in the country.
与都市生活相比，在乡村时间似乎过得慢。
It is interesting to contrast the
two speakers.
比较一下那两位演说者真有趣。
The sufferings in the old society contrast
sharply with the happiness in the new.
旧社会的苦难与新社会的幸福形成鲜明对比。
【辨析】
compare 是指对于相似之处和不同之处做比较。
contrast 则仅比较不同之处，以凸显其差异。
5. converse
V. 交谈，谈话（与介词 with， on， about 等
连用） adj. 相反的，颠倒的
【课本句】
Don’t feel that you must converse with
everyone.
不要认为你必须和每个人都讲话。
【例句】
When I came in,
heartily
with a girl.
he
was
conversing
当我进屋时, 他正和一个女孩谈得很投
机。
6.determined -1
adj. 坚决的，决定了的
【课本句】
People can overcome shyness with determine
and patient effort in building selfconfidence.
通过坚持不懈的努力而建立起自信心，人们可以克
服 害羞。
【例】 We are determined to fight for the
realization
of communism.
我们决心为共产主义的实现而奋斗。
6.determined -1
adj. 坚决的，决定了的
【课本句】
People can overcome shyness with determined
and patient effort in building self-confidence.
通过坚持不懈的努力而建立起自信心，人们可以克服害
羞。
【例句】
We are determined to fight for the
realization of communism.
我们决心为共产主义的实现而奋斗。
determined -2
She is a very determined woman who
always gets what she wants.
她是一个有毅力的女人，她想要的东西就一定要得到。
【常用搭配】
be determined to do 是固定短语，
相当于make up
one’s
mind
to
determine to do “下决
心做某事”。
【记忆】
do,
determination n. 决心，确定
a man of determination 有决断力的人
7. dwell -1
v. 居住；细想
【课本句】
Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of
inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or
jealousy.
心里老想着不可能实现的事会导致信心不足，甚至妒忌。
【常用搭配】
dwell in/at
停留，居住
dwell on/upon 详述，细想
【例句】
The small boy dwelt for years in the
same town.
这个小男孩在同一个城里住了多年。
dwell – 2
He dwelt upon that point for several minutes.
他对那一点详细地讲了好几分钟。
Don’t dwell on the past—try to be more
positive.
别老想着过去，尽量保持乐观。
【记忆】
同义词是live，reside，lodge。
dwell 的过去式和过去分词有两种，
dwelt 或 dwelled
8. eliminate-1
v. 消除，排除
【课本句】
Can
shyness
be
completely
eliminated, or
at least reduced?
能彻底消除或至少能减轻害羞吗?
【常用搭配】
eliminate… from 从······中剔除
【例句】
We must eliminate unnecessary expense.
我们必须去掉不必要的开支。
eliminate -2
She checked her composition
carefully
to
eliminate
all
mistakes.
spelling
她认真检查了一遍作文以便清除所有的拼写错误。
Under the agreement, the losing team
needs to
be eliminated from the
competition.
根据规定，输队应淘汰出局。
He
was
eliminated
from
tournament in the first round.
the
他在锦标赛第一回合就遭到淘汰。
eliminate-3
【辨析】
eliminate 指消灭，去掉已有的东西，相当于get rid of，
用法正规。
reduce
多指人为的减少，口语中可指减轻体重。
They tried their best to reduce the production
cost. 他们努力降低成本。
decrease 指表面积或数量上的减少。
Their savings are decreasing.他们的储蓄日益减少。
diminish 指外部数量的减少。
The refugee’s food supply gradually diminished
as the days moved on.
随着日子一天天过去，灾民的食物供给逐渐减少。
9. excessively-1
adv. 过多地，过量地
【课本句】
They are excessively concerned with their own
appearance and actions.
他们对自己的外表和行为过于关注。
【例句】
Once my father started drinking, he drank
excessively.
我父亲一喝起酒，就喝得过多。
9. excessively-1
adv. 过多地，过量地
【 课 本 句 】They are excessively concerned with
their
own appearance and actions.
他们对自己的外表和行为过于关注。
【 例 句 】Once my father started drinking, he
drank
excessively.
我父亲一喝起酒，就喝得过多。
excessively- 2
【记忆】
excess n.
超过，过剩 adj. 过量的
in excess of 超过
【例句】
a population in excess of two million
两百万以上的人口
【例句】
Don’t carry your grief to excess.
不要过分悲哀。
excessive adj.过多的过分的
exceed v.超过，胜过，越出
excessiveness n. 过分，过 多
10. expectation -1
n. 期待，期望，指望
【课本句】
People’s expectations of themselves must
be realistic.
人们的自我期望必须是现实的。
【常用搭配】
against all expectation(s)
出乎意料
beyond expectation(s)
料想不到
in expectation of 期待，指望，预计会有
expectation – 2
【例句】
Our team has every expectation of winning.
我队胜券在握。
The young man has great expectations for
his future career.
这个年青人对将来的前程期望很大。
【记忆】
expect v. 期待，期望，指望
expect sb. to do sth.
期待某人做某事
11. fulfilling
adj. 履行的，实现的；满足的，令人高兴的
【课本句】
Let’s not allow shyness to block our
chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
不要让害羞阻挡我们过上充实、多彩的生活。
【例句】
Nursing is hard work, but it can be very
fulfilling.
护士工作是重活，但是令人感到充实。
【记忆】
fulfill
v. 履行，完成，满足
fulfill oneself 实现自己的抱负，发挥自己的才能
fulfillment. n. 履行，完成
12. hobby
n. 业余爱好
【课本句】
Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and
reevaluate your goals regularly.
留出时间休息放松，消遣，定期重新审视自己的目标。
【辨析】
hobby 指业余爱好，如集邮，钓鱼等；
habit 指人的习惯，可以是学习习惯，工作习惯等。
13. inadequacy
n. 不充足，不适当 ；无法胜任，信心不足
【课本句】
Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of
inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or
jealousy.
心里老想着不可能实现的事会导致信心不足，甚至羡慕或
妒忌。
【记忆】
inadequate adj. 不够的，不适当的, 不合适的
adequate adj. 足够的，充足的，相当于enough
adequacy n. 充足，适当。in-是否定前缀。
14. Inferior-1
adj. 低劣的， 劣等的
【课本句】
It is not fair for them to label themselves as
inferior.
认为自己不如别人，这是不公平的。
【常用搭配】
be inferior to
比······低劣，不如······
【例句】
No inferior products should be allowed to pass
决不允许放过任何次品。
Inferior-2
He is inferior to you in all aspects.
他在各方面都不如你。
The machine is technically inferior to the
models.
new
这种机器在技术上比新模型低劣。
【固定搭配】
a sense of inferiority 自卑感
【记忆】
inferiority n. 下等，自卑
superior adj. 优于，是 inferior的反义词。
15. jealousy
n. 妒忌，羡慕
【课本句】
Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of
inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or
jealousy.
心里老想着不可能实现的事会导致信心不足，甚至羡慕或妒忌。
【记忆】
jealous adj. 妒忌的，猜疑的
be jealous of sth./sb. 猜疑，妒忌某人
【例句】
Don’t be jealous of anybody’s achievement.
不要嫉妒别人的成就。
16. overcome-1
v. 战胜，克服
【课本句】
People can overcome shyness with determined
and patient effort in building self-confidence.
通过坚持不懈的努力而建立起自信心，人们可以克服害羞。
【例句】
If you want to be a successful man, you will
have to overcome the fear of failure.
如果你要成为一个成功的人，你就要克服对失败的恐
惧。
overcome-2
【固定搭配】
overcome difficulties
服困难
overcome one’s shortcomings
克服缺点
17. passive-1
adj. 被动的，消极的
【课本句】
In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem,
are likely to be passive and easily influenced
by others.
相比之下，害羞的人自尊心不强，可能会消极，容易被
人影响。
【例句】
When watching TV, people often play
a passive role.
看电视时人们常常很被动。
passive-2
【固定搭配】
passive voice
passive smoking
【记忆】
被动语态
被动吸烟
active adj. 积极的，
与 passive 是反义词。
18. reasonable
adj.合情理的，适度的; 有理智的
【课本句】
Set reasonable goals.
制定合理的目标。
【例句】
Fresh vegetables are sold at a reasonable
price even in winter.
即使在冬天，新鲜蔬菜的价格也比较公道。
Be reasonable; you can’t expect her to
do all the work on her own.
讲点道理吧，你不能指望她一个人单独
做所有的事。
19. thoughtfully
adj. 沉思地；考虑周到地
【课本句】Accept criticism thoughtfully.
要有理性地接受批评。
thoughtful adj. 沉思的，体谅别人的
【例句】
He wore thoughtful looks in class.
上课时，他脸上现出沉思的表情。
It was very thoughtful of you to make all
the necessary arrangements for us.
你们考虑得真周到，为我们作好了一切必要的安排。
Hearing this news, he looked thoughtful
for a moment and went away.
听到这个消息，他似乎沉思了一会儿就走开了。
20. unattractive
adj. 不诱人的，不漂亮的
【课本句】
I’m wearing unattractive clothes.
我身上穿的衣服也不吸引人。
【记忆】
attract
v.
attractive adj.
attraction
吸引，诱人
吸引人的，漂亮的
n.
吸引力
Vocabulary Exercises1-1
Directions: Read Note 1 carefully and complete the
following sentences with “self-”words.
self-consciousabout his weight.
1) Jerry is pretty _______________
译文：杰里对自己的体重过分注意。
2)
We are an international company looking
for people who are convinced that they
will be successful. They must have a lot
ofself-confidence
_______________.
3) Often children who grow up in the slums
(贫民窟) of New York do not feel good
about themselves because they have low _
self-esteem____________.
2)译文: 我们是一家国际公司，要寻求相信自己会成功的人，他
们一定要有自信。
3) 译文：常常 ，在纽约贫民窟里长大的孩子们对自己感觉不好，
因为他们自卑感很强。
Vocabulary Exercises1-3
4) Unfortunately, his gambling and drinking
habits
make him a very
self-destructive
_________________person.
self-worth
5) Defining one’s ___________
takes many
years of experience in the work place.
6) How would you describe your basic
character? In other words, what is your
self-concept
____________?
4)译文： 不幸的是，他的赌博和酗酒的不良习气使他走
向了 自我毁灭。
5) 译文：衡量一个人的自我价值需要多年的工作经验。
6) 译文：你怎样描述你的基本性格?换句话说，你的自我
形象感是怎样的?
Vocabulary Exercises1-4
Self-awareness
7) ______________
is often a sign
of maturity. It takes some time
before we can become aware of our
strengths and weaknesses.
8) She was quite sure of her skills as a
pianist, so she came on stage with
self-assurance
dignity and _______________.
7) 译文：自我意识常常是成熟的标志。要经过一段时间后
我们才能意识到自己的优缺点。
8) 译文：她对作为一名钢琴师很有信心，因而她自信且 庄
重地走上了舞台。
Vocabulary Exercises2-1
Directions: Column A is a list of words from the
passage. Find a word in Column B which is similar in
meaning to one of the words in Column A
Vocabulary Exercises2-2
Column A
Column B
1) overweight
2) compliment
3) overcome
4) diminish
5) detrimental
6) jealousy
7) profound
8) self-esteem
9) slim
10) accent
A. decrease
B. fat
C. conquer
D. envy
E. deep
F. self-respect
G. emphasize
H. harmful
I. praise
J. slender
Vocabulary Exercises3-1
• Directions: Fill in each of the blanks with an
appropriate word from Column A in exercise 2.
Change the form if necessary.
• 1) The doctor’s discovery will have a(n)
_________ influence on mankind.
• profound
• 2) She was overwhelmed with _________ when
she heard that he had been given a promotion.
• jealousy
• 3) I went to the beach___ ______ times last
summer.
•
numerous
Vocabulary Exercises3-2
• 4) You are ____________ and so
you should eat less.
• overweight
• 5) When you learn a second language
you have many difficulties to
__________.
• overcome
• 6) If you keep practicing, you might
______become a good dancer.
•
eventually
Vocabulary Exercises3-3
• 7) Exercising is one way of keeping
______.
• slim
• 8) She asked us all what we thought of
her new
hairstyle, but she was really
only looking for ______________.
• compliments
• 9) The amount of water in the pond will
_______ as the dry season continues.
•
diminish
Vocabulary Exercises3-4
10) Mary’s comforting words provided the
_____ I needed. reassurance
• 11) They are worried that their
decision might prove to be
____________ to the future of the
company. detrimental
• 12) When a person has an infectious
disease, he is usually _____ from
other people.
•
isolated
Vocabulary Exercises3-5
• 13) This type of unsympathetic (无同情心
的) approach can destroy a child’s
confidence and ____________.
•
Self-esteem
• 14) Throughout his speech, he____ the
seriousness of the situation.
•
accented
Vocabulary Exercises 4-1
• Directions: Complete each of the following
sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
• 1) Her rough, red hand ____(反映了) a life
of hard physical work. reflected
• 2) He has never been very ____(担
心)about what other people think of him.
• concerned/worried
• 3) His mother’s death when he was aged
six had a ____(深刻的影响)on him.
•
profound effect/influence
Vocabulary Exercises 4-2
• 4) She is ____(看作)as a strong candidate for the
job.
• viewed/regarded
• 5) Some people’s teeth are highly ____(敏感的) to
cold.
• sensitive
• 6) How did she ____(作出反应) to the news.
• respond/react
•
7) The new process has ____(排除)the need
•
for checking the products by hand.
•
eliminated
Vocabulary Exercises 4-3
• 8)It’s taken me a while but at last I’ve
managed to _______(克服我的恐惧) of
public speaking. overcome my fear
• 9) If you want to pass your exams, you’ll
have to ____(集中注意力在) your listening
skills.
concentrate on
•
10) She was asked about a pay increase
for the factory workers but ____(未做评论).
•
made no comment
Translation 1
 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,
using the expressions provided.
1. 你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。
reasonable
You should spend a reasonable amount of time in relaxing
and exercising.
in general
2. 总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康，
In general
children are healthier
受到了更好的教育。
。 and better educated
than ever before.
come along
3. 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。
When the proper opportunity comes along, he
Translation 2
4.每天他都留出点时间跟家里人在一起，享受生
set aside
活。
Every day he sets aside some time to be with his
family and enjoy life.
hand in
5. 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路
hand
的情景。
I remember those dark streets and walking
hand in hand with my father.
6. 他最终辜负了父母的期望。
live up to
He finally failed to live up to his parents’
expectations.
Translation 3
7. 相比之下，我们的用油量大幅度上升了in。
contrast
In contrast,
enormously.
our
use
of
oil
has
increased
8. 经过了努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱overcome
点。
He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal
weaknesses.
The misery of
shyness
Pre-Reading Questions:
1.What do you think are
the reasons for
shyness?.
2.What are the ways to
overcome shyness?.
Menu of Passage Study
Active Text
Notes to the Text
Difficult Sentences
Summary of the Text
•
Paragraph 1
• Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness
for a great many people. All kinds of people
describe themselves as shy: short, tall, dull,
intelligent, young, old, slim, overweight. Shy
1
people are anxious and self-conscious;
that is,
they are excessively concerned with their
own appearance and actions.Worrisome
2
thoughts are constantly swirling
in their
minds: What kind of impression am I making?
Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? I’m ugly.
I’m wearing unattractive clothes.
•
Paragraph 2-1
• It is obvious that such uncomfortable
feelings must affect people adversely. A
person’s self-concept is reflected in the
way he or she behaves, and the way a
person behaves affects other people’s
4
reactions. In general, the way people
think about themselves has a profound
effect on all areas of their lives. For
instance, people who have a positive sense
of self-worth or high self-esteem usually
act with confidence.
3
•
Paragraph 2-2
• Because they have self-assurance, they
do not need constant praise and
encouragement from others to feel good
about themselves. Self-confident people
participate in life enthusiasti-cally and
spontaneously. They are not affected by
what others think they “should” do. People
with high self-esteem are not hurt by
criticism; they do not regard criticism as a
personal attack. Instead, they viewa
criticism as a suggestion for improvement.
Paragraph 3
• In contrast, shy people, having low selfesteem, are likely to be passive and
easily influenced by others.
They need
reassurance that they are doing “the
right thing”.
Shy people are 5 very
sensitive to criticism; they feel it
6
confirms their inferiority.
They also find
it difficult to be pleased by compliments
because they believe they are unworthy
of praise.
7
3-2
• A shy person may respond to a
compliment with a statement like this
one: “You’re just saying that to make
me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It
is clear that, while self-awareness is a
healthy quality, overdoing it is
detrimental, or harmful.
8
Paragraph 4
• Can shyness be completely eliminated,
or at least reduced? Fortunately,
people can overcome shyness with
determined and patient effort in
building self-confidence. Since shyness
goes hand in hand with lack of selfesteem, it is important for people to
accept their weaknesses as well as
9
their strengths.
For example, most
people would like to be “A” students in
every subject.
4-2
• It is not fair for them to label
themselves as inferior because they
have difficulty in some areas. People’s
expectations of themselves must be
realistic. Dwelling on the impossible
leads to a sense of inadequacy, and
even feelings of envy, or jealousy.
We are self-destructive when we envy a10
student who gets better grades.
Paragraph 5, 6, 7
• If you are shy, here are some specific
helpful steps toward building selfconfidence and overcoming shyness:
1.Recognize your personal
strengths and weaknesses. Everyone
has both. As self-acceptance grows,
shyness naturally diminishes.
7-2
2. Set reasonable goals. For example,
you may be timid about being with a
group of strangers at a party. Don’t
feel that you must converse with
everyone. Concentrate on talking to
only one or two people. You will feel
more comfortable.
Paragraph 8
• 3. Guilt and shame are destructive
feelings. Don’t waste time and energy
on them. Suppose you have hurt
someone’s feelings. Feeling ashamed
accomplishes
nothing.
Instead,
accept the fact that you have made a
mistake, and make up your mind to be
more sensitive in the future.
12
11
Paragraph 9, 10
• 4.There are numerous approaches to all
issues. Few opinions are completely right
or wrong. Don’t be afraid to speak up and
give your point of view.
5.Do not make negative comments about
yourself. This is a form of self-rejection.
Avoid describing yourself as stupid, ugly, a
failure.
Accent the positive.
1
Paragraph 11
• 6. Accept criticism thoughtfully. Do
not interpret it as a personal attack.
If, for example, a friend complains
about your cooking, accept it as a
comment on your cooking, not
yourself. Be assured that you are
still good friends, but perhaps your
cooking
could
improve.
13
Paragraph 12
• 7. Remember that everyone experiences
some failures and disappointments.
Profit
from them as learning
experiences.
Very
often
a
12
disappointment becomes a turning point
for a wonderful experience to come
along.
For instance, you may be
rejected by the college of your choice.
However, at 14
the college you actually
attend, you may find a quality of
education beyond what you had expected.
Paragraph 13, 14
• 8. Do not associate with people who make
you feel inadequate. Try to change their
attitude or yours, or remove yourself from
that relationship. People who hurt you do
not have your best
interests at heart.
• 9. Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies,
and re-evaluate your goals regularly. Time
spent this way helps you learn more about
yourself.
15
Paragraph 15
• 10.Practice being in social situations.
Don’t isolate yourself from people.
Try making one acquaintance at a
time; eventually you will circulate in
large groups with skill and selfassurance. 16
Paragraph 16
• Each one of us is a unique, valuable
individual. We are interesting in our own
personal ways. The better we understand
ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up
to our full potential. Let’s not allow
shyness to block our chances for a rich
and fulfilling life.
(820 words)
17
Note 1
accent
v. emphasize 强调
When advertising, you must accent in what
areas your product is better than your
competitors’.
打广告时，你必须强调你的产品比同行竞争者的产品
好在哪里。
Note 2
profit v.
learn from something that happens, or get
something good from a situation 从······中吸取教益
 I hope you’ll be able to profit from our advice.
希望你能从我们的建议中获益。
Difficult Sentence 1-1
All kinds of people describe themselves as shy short, tall,
dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweigh.
【解析】describe… as: 把······说成，把······描述成。
类似的短语还有： accept… as; interpret… as; regard…
as; view… as; look on… as; consider… as; take… as;
perceive… as; label… as。
as后面可以接名词、动名词与形容词。
 Instead, they view a criticism as a suggestion for
improvement. (L15)
相反，他们将批评看成是有助于改进的好建议。
Difficult Sentence 1-2
They do not regard criticism as a personal attack.
他们不会把批评看成是人身攻击。
 It’s not fair for them to label themselves as inferior because
they have difficulty in some areas.
 如果他们仅因为在某些方面有困难就认为自己不如别人，这
是不公平的。
 Do not interpret it as a personal attack.
不要把批评视为人身攻击。
 Would you describe yourself as being a hard
worker?
你会把自己形容成一位勤劳的工人吗？
【译文】各种各样的人, 矮的、高的、愚蠢的、聪明的、年轻
的、年老的、苗条的、肥胖的, 都把自己描述为害羞的。
Difficult Sentence 2-1
Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that
is, they are excessively concerned with their own
appearance and actions.
【解析】
that is常用于句中，作插入语，前后用逗号隔开，意为“也就是说”
对前面部分作进一步解释。
be concerned with 是固定短语，表示“对······关心，忧虑”。这个短
语中介词with还可以换成about, concerned, be worried about。
She is concerned with her son’s future.
她担忧着她儿子的将来。
appearance指外表，是抽象名词，一般不用复数。
【 释 义 】Shy people are always worried and self-
conscious; that is to say, they are too much
sensitive about things like their own appearance
and their actions.
Difficult Sentence 2-2
【译文】
害羞的人常感到焦虑他们对自己的外表和行为过于关
注。
【构词法】
self-conscious指拘束的，过分注意自己的，不
要看表面构词而推测为“自我意识的”。
Difficult Sentence 2-3
• self+a./n.也是一种构词法，self表示“自身的，自
我的”。类似的单词还有：
self-confidence
自信 self-denying自我克制的
self-conscious
不自然的，自觉的
self-complacent
自 满 的 self-confessed 开 承 认
的
self-contradictory 相矛盾的
self-composed
镇定自若的
self-control 自我克制
self-assured 自信的
self-deception
自欺
Difficult Sentence 3
It is obvious that such uncomfortable
feelings must affect people adversely.
【解析】 it is obvious/clear that… 很显然。这是常用的句型，里
面 的 形 容 词 可 以 换 成 important ， necessary ， obvious ，
evident，true 等。此句型中 it 是形式主语 ，that 引导的从句是真正
的主语，但是为了避免句子做主语造成的头重脚轻，英语中习惯上用
it作形式主语。
 That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious.
金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。
 It is obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees.
显而易见，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。
【译文】显而易见，这样不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。
Difficult Sentence 4
A person’s self-concept is reflected in the way he or she
behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s
reactions.
【解析】self-concept 自我印象 ， concept 意思是概念 ，想法 。 in
the way在······方式上，后面he or she behaves作way的定语
从句，关系代词 that 省略了,修饰 way 的定语从句。关系代词还可以
用in which。同样道理the way a person behaves里a person
behaves是修饰the way的定语从句。
注意behave和act的区别：behave指行为，笼统的讲人的日常行为；
act是做，表演，常指具体的行动。
【译文】一个人对自我的看法在他或她的行为方式中有所反映，
一个人的行为方式又会对他人的反应产生影响。
Difficult Sentence 5
In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be
passive and easily influenced by others.
【解析】in contrast 是 固 定 短 语 ， 意 为 “ 与 ······ 相 反 ， 与 ······ 相
对”。如果后面接宾语，要用in contrast with。而by contrast
意为“相比之下”。
 In contrast with your pessimistic point of view, I would
rather take a positive attitude.
与你的悲观看法相反，我宁愿采取积极的态度。
 In sharp contrast with his black suit, his girlfriend wore a
white dress.
与他的黑色西装形成鲜明对比，他的女朋友穿着一条白裙子。
【译文】相比之下，害羞的人自尊心不强，可能会消极被动，
易 受别人的影响。
Difficult Sentence 6
同位语从句的用法
They need reassurance that they are doing
“the right thing”.
【解析】
这 里 they
are doing “the right thing” 是
reassurance（保证）的同位语从句，that不能省略。
【译文】 他们需要确信他们在做“正确的事”。
Difficult Sentence 7-1
They also find it difficult to be pleased by
compliments because they believe they are
unworthy of praise.
【解析】find it +adj.+to do是固定句型，意为“发现做
某事是怎么样的”，需要注意的是 it 是形式宾语，后面的
动词不定式to do sth.才是真正的宾语。
compliments常用于复数，表示“称赞，赞美”。
 She accepted his compliments about her dress with
a smile.
她以微笑接受了他对她的服装的赞美。
Difficult Sentence 7-2
be worthy of(值得······的)和be unworthy of
(不值得······的)。注意比较和be worth的区别。
be worth后面直接加名词或动名词，be worthy
要和of连用。
 He is unworthy of your respect.
他不配你尊敬。
 The problem is worthy of our serious attention.
这个问题值得引起我们高度的重视。
 The results will be worth all the effort.
取得的成果将不负所作的努力。
【译文】他们也很难因为受到别人的赞美而兴高采
烈，因为他们相信自己配不上称赞。
Difficult Sentence 8
It is clear that, while self-awareness is a
healthyquality, overdoing it is detrimental, or
harmful.
【解析】while 在本句中意为“尽管”， 引导让步状语从句。
 While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with
you. 虽然我理解你的观点， 我还是不同意你。
quality此处指品质，品德，相当于virtue。
overdo是“做得过分，做得过头”的意思。
detrimental 和 harmful 是 同 义 词 ， 意 为 “ 有 害 的 ” 。 但 比
harmful正式。
【译文】显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，但做得
过分会有害的。
Difficult Sentence 9-1
Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of selfesteem,it is important for people to accept their
weaknesses as well as their strengths.
【解析】since本句中的意思是“既然，由于”。
go hand in hand with：with one’s hand in sb. else’s hand，
closely related 意为“和······并肩走，和······关系密切”，是
固定表达。
 The two little girls go to school every morning, hand in
hand.
这两个小女孩每天早晨手牵手去上学。
Difficult Sentence 9-2
 Health and mood are always going hand in hand.
健康和心情有密切关系。
lack 此处是名词，缺乏，缺少。
as well as 等于 along with，also， “和”，“也”，
“与······同样好”, “不比······差”。
【译文】
由于害羞与缺乏自尊心关系密切，因此接受自己的弱点和
优点是同样重要的。
Difficult Sentence 10
Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of
inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or jealousy.
【解析】dwell on是固定短语，意为“详述，细想”。本句中
dwelling on是动名词做主语。
lead to是固定短语，意为“导致，招致，引起”，后面常
接名词。 envy 和 jealousy 是同义词，意为“妒忌，羡
慕 ” ， 这 两 个 名 词 envy 和 jealousy 的 形 容 词 分 别 是
envious和jealous。
【译文】心里老想着不可能实现的事会导致信心不足，甚至
妒忌。
Difficult Sentence 11
Feeling ashamed accomplishes nothing.
【解析】ashamed 感到羞愧的
【译文】感到羞愧也无济于事。
Difficult Sentence 12
Instead, accept the fact that you have
made a mistake, and make up your
mind to be more sensitive in the
future.
【解析】instead 相反，相当于 on the contrary
make up one’s mind 下定决心
in the future 在将来
【译文】相反，应承认所犯的错误，并下决心在将
来待人时做到通情达理。
Difficult Sentence 13-1
If, for example, a friend complains about your
cooking, accept it as a comment on your cooking not
yourself. Be assured that you are still good friends,
but perhaps your cooking could improve.
【解析】for example 例如，是插入语。complain
about 抱怨，是固定短语，其中“about”可以换成 of。

He’s always complaining about/of his low salary.
他总是抱怨工资太低。
Difficult Sentence 13-2
accept it as a comment 又 是 accept… as 的 用 法 ，
“把······当成······来接受”。comment常和介词on连用，
“对······的评论”。
be assured=be sure，“确信，确保”
“your cooking could improve”中的could 以斜
体形式出现，说明作者要强调的是“你的烹饪水平
的确有待提高，真的可以提高”。
【译文】例如，如果一个朋友抱怨你的烹饪水平不高,要把
这当成对你的烹饪而非对你个人的评价而加以接受。
要相信你们仍是好朋友，但也许你的烹饪水平确实有
待提高。
Difficult Sentence 14-1
Very often a disappointment becomes a
turning
point
for
a
wonderful
experience to come along.
【 释 义 】Usually a defeat or a failure may become a
turning point for a good or better experience to come as
a result.
【解析】come along 到来，出现
 Take any job opportunity that comes along.
抓住任何出现的工作机会。
 Whenever a problem comes along, he will deal with it
patiently.
每当出现问题时，他都耐心处理。
Difficult Sentence 14-2
come along 的其他意义有
a.一起来，一起去：(come and go together)
 She comes along with us.
她是和我们一起来的。
b. 进展，进步：(make progress, get along)
 Our whole industrial front is coming along
vigorously.
我们的整个工业战线正在蓬勃发展。
disappointment 失望；失败，挫折
turning point
转折点，转机
【译文】挫折常会成为一段美好经历到来的
转折点。
Difficult Sentence 15
People who hurt you do not have your best
interests at heart.
【释义】People who hurt you do not care about your
interests at heart at all.
【解析】at heart 为······着想；关心
 When I say don’t eat sweets, I have your health at
heart.
我说不要吃糖是为你的健康着想。
【译文】
那些伤害你的人并不把你的真正利益放在心上。
Difficult Sentence 16
Try making one acquaintance at a
time;eventually you will circulate in large
groups with skill and self- assurance.
【解析】try doing是固定短语，意为“试着做某事”，注意比
较和第一课中出现的try to do(尽力做某事，试图做某事)的区
别。
at a time 一次，time此处意为“次数”。
eventually=finally，at last，in the end 最终，最后
circulate 原意是“循环，流动”，本句中指在人群中周旋，
游刃有余地交往。
self-assurance自信，等于self-confidence。
【译文】试着一次结识一个朋友；最终你将能够自信
熟练地在众多的人群中交往。
Difficult Sentence 17-1
The better we understand ourselves, the easier it
becomes to live up to our full potential. Let’s not
allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and
fulfilling life.
【解析】live up to: do as well as is expected or promised,
fulfill 符合，不辜负，实践(原 则，誓言等)

The concert was brilliant—it lived up to all our
expectations.
这场音乐会很精彩，没有辜负我们大家的期望。

He was a man who lived up to his promises.
他是个从不背信弃义的人。

I study hard and try to live up to my parents’
expectations.
我努力学习，以求不辜负父母对我的期望。
Difficult Sentence 17-2
the better… the easier 属于the more… the more
句型的用法，这种结构可用于形容词或副词来表示因果：
当一方有变化，另一方也随之而变。

The more money you make, the more you spend.
你钱赚得越多，花得也越多。

The more expensive petrol becomes, the less
people drive.
汽油越贵，开车的人就越少。

The more carefully you do your homework, the
less mistakes you will make.
你做作业越认真，你犯的错就越少。
【译文】我们对自己的了解越多，就越容易把
自己的潜力充分发挥出来。不要让害羞阻挡我们
过上充实、多彩的生活。
Summary of the Text
• Many people in the world, no matter what kind
of people they are, consider themselves as shy.
It is a kind of lacking confidence and that can
affect people’s behavior. Can this shyness be
completely eliminated or at least reduced a
little? The answer is positive if you can be
more confident or you can believe in yourself
more. Here in the text the author gives ten
very good pieces of advice for those shy
people to follow. The result is: “Let’s not allow
shyness to block our chances for a rich and
fulfilling life”.
Menu of Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of
the Text
2. Understanding Specific Information
3. Group Discussion
1. The Organization of
the Text 4-1
• Directions: Work in pairs and
complete the outline with what you
get from the passage. Part of the
outline has been done for you.
1) Introduction (Para.1)
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness
for a great many people.
.
The organization of the text
4-2
2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative
effect (Para.2—3)
People’s self-concept has
a profound effect
______________
on all areas of their lives.
People with high selfusually act with confidence
esteem
.
People with low self-esteem
are likely to be
_____________
passive and easily influenced by others
___.
The organization of the
text 4-3
3) Ways of overcoming shyness (Para. 4—15)
i).
Recognize your personal strengths and
Set reasonable goals
weaknesses
____________________________________
___
Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of
.
view
ii).Do not make negative comments
. about yourself
iii). Don’t waste time and energy on destructive
feelings such as guilt and shame.
iv).
____________________________________
The organization of the
text 4-4
vi). Accept criticism thoughtfully
.
vii). Profit from some failures and disappointments as
learning experiences.
Do not associate with people who make
viii).
.
you feel inadequate
.
ix. Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies,
.
.
and re-evaluate your goals regularly
x.
.
Practice being in social situations
4) Conclusion: (para16)
The better we understand ourselves, the easier it
becomes to live up to our full potential.
Understanding Specific
Information 5-1
Directions：Decide whether the following
statements are true or false. Write “T”
for true and “F” for false.
F
1) Most people never suffer from shyness.
译文：大多数人都不会害羞。。
解析：从文中第二个句子可判断。
2) If we have a positive self-concept, we
will act with confidence.
T
译文：如果我们有正确的自我形象概念，我们就会很自信
地做
事。
解析：从文中第二段第5¡ª6行可判断。
T
Understanding Specific
3) Shy
people feel uncomfortable
Information
5-3 when
others say nice things to them.
译文：害羞的人在别人对他说好话时感到不舒服。
解析：从文中第三段第3—4行可判断。
T 4) Shy people are always worried about what
others think of them.
译文：害羞的人总担心别人会怎样想他。
解析：从文中第二段倒数第3行可判断。
F___5) It’s much easier to please shy people
with compliments
译文：用恭维的话来取悦于害羞的人要容易得多。
解析：从文中第三段倒数第2行可判断。
T
Understanding Specific
6) Shy
people can learn to5-4
have more
Information
confidence in themselves.
译文：害羞的人能逐渐学会对自己有信心。
解析：从文中第四段第1—2行可判断。
F__ 7) Thinking about what one cannot do will
help one strengthen one’s own selfesteem.
译文：思考一下自己不能做到的事会有助于加强自己的自
尊心。
解析：从文中第四段可判断。
F8) Shy people have realistic
expectations of themselves.
译文：害羞的人对自己有现实的估计。
解析：从文中第四段第5、6行可判断，害羞的人对自己的
估计不现实。
T
9) “... perhaps your cooking could
improve.” (l.49—50) means that
perhaps there is still room for
improvement in your cooking.
译文：“也许你的烹饪技术确实有待提高”意思是也
许你的烹饪技术还有提高、改善的空间。
解析：room的意思是空间、余地。
3. Group Discussion 4-1
• Directions: Work in groups and discuss.
1) Among the ten ways of overcoming shyness
mentioned in the text, which do you think
is/are the most effective? Why?
2) What is the difference between modesty
and shyness?
3) Is it acceptable or even desirable to be shy
sometimes? If so, on which occasions?
3. Group Discussion 4-2
1) Among the ten ways of overcoming shyness
mentioned in the text, which do you think
is/are the most effective? Why?
Sample:
 In my opinion, the most effective way to overcome shyness is
the seventh. Everyone living in the world is a common person.
He will necessarily experience failures and disappointments in
life. If failures, disappointments, setbacks happen to him, he
should not give up easily. They are things everyone will
encounter. Just try to learn something from them and do not
let yourself indulge in failures or setbacks. Then everything
will be all right soon. Shyness may block your chances for
success if you don’t overcome it.
3. Group Discussion 4-2
1) Among the ten ways of overcoming shyness
mentioned in the text, which do you think
is/are the most effective? Why?
Sample:
 In my opinion, the most effective way to overcome shyness is
the seventh. Everyone living in the world is a common person.
He will necessarily experience failures and disappointments in
life. If failures, disappointments, setbacks happen to him, he
should not give up easily. They are things everyone will
encounter. Just try to learn something from them and do not
let yourself indulge in failures or setbacks. Then everything
will be all right soon. Shyness may block your chances for
success if you don’t overcome it.
3. Group Discussion 4-3
2) What is the difference between modesty and
shyness?
Sample:
There are great differences between shyness and modesty.
Modesty is a good virtue everyone wants to share. It is
described as one of human merits. Great men are modest
about their achievements and accomplishments. But
shyness is a bad or uncomfortable feeling one may have
when he is staying with others. Shyness symbolizes the
lack of self-confidence and even of self-esteem. It should
be got rid of. So we say
modesty is a good personality trait whereas
shyness is not acceptable in many cases.
Part Four
•
•
•
Further Development
1. Enriching your word power
• 1) B
• 3) A
• 5) C
2)B
4)B
6)C
7) B
9) A
11) C
8) C
10) A
12)B
2 What is your personality
• STEP ONE : Look at the following shapes
carefully and select the one you find most
appealing. Consider both form and color.
• STEP TWO: After you choose a shape, you will
be told the personality traits that anyone who
chooses the shape is supposed to have.
• STEP THREE: Tell you partner whether you
actually have those personality traits and give
examples to support yourself.
The shapes of Personality
Traits
2-1 your personalities
• 1) Introspective, sensitive and reflective
• You are less satisfied with yourself and your
environment than are most people. You hate
superficiality; you’d rather be alone than have
to suffer through small talk. But your
relationships with your friends are very
strong. Which gives you the inner calmness
and harmony that you require. You do not mind
being alone for long periods of time; you
rarely become bored.
2-2
• 2)Independent, Unconventional and Free
• You demand a free and unattached life
for yourself that allows you to determine
your own course. You have an artistic
bent in your work or leisure activities.
Your urge for freedom sometimes causes
you to do exactly the opposite of what is
expected of you.
2-3
• 3) Dynamic, Active and Extroverted
• You are quite willing to accept certain risks
and to make a strong commitment in exchange
for interesting and varied work. Routine, in
contrast, tends to have a paralyzing effect on
you.
• What you like most is to be able to play an
active role in events. In doing so, your
initiative is highly evident..
2-4
• 4)Down to earth, Well-balanced and
Harmonious
• You value a natural style and love that which is
uncomplicated. People admire you because you
have both feet planted firmly on the ground
and they can depend on you. You give those who
are close to you security and space. You are
perceived as being warm and human. You reject
everything that is showy or trite. You don’t like
fashionable clothing. For you, clothing has to
be practical and pleasantly elegant..
2-5
• 5)Professional, Pragmatic and Self-Assured
• You take charge of your life, and place less faith in
your luck and more in your own deeds. You solve
problems in a practical, uncomplicated manner. You
take a realistic view of the things in your daily life and
deal with them without hesitation . You are given a
great deal of responsibility at work, because people
know that you can be depended upon.
• You remarkable strength of will projects your selfassurance to others. You are never fully satisfied until
you have accomplished your ideas.
2-6
• 6)Peaceful, Discreet(谨慎的） and NonAggressive
• You are easy-going yet discreet. You make
friends effortlessly, yet enjoy your privacy
and independence. You like to get away from it
all and be alone from time to time to reflect
the meaning of life and enjoy yourself. You
need space, so you escape to beautiful
hideaways, but you are not a loner. You are at
peace with yourself and the world, and you
appreciate life and what this world has to
offer.
2-7
• 7) Carefree, Playful and Cheerful
• You love a free and spontaneous life. And you
attempt to enjoy it to the fullest, in
accordance with the motto: “you only live once.”
• You are very curious and open about
everything new; you thrive on(以…为乐)
change. Nothing is worse than when you feel
tied down. You are always ready for a surprise.
2-8
• 8)Romantic, Dreamy and Emotional
• You are a very sensitive person. You refuse
to view things only from a sober, rational
standpoint. What your feelings tell you is
just as important to you. In fact, you feel it
is important to have dreams in life, too.
• You reject people who scorn romanticism and
are guided only by rationality. You refuse to
let anything limit the rich variety of your
moods and emotions.
2-9
• 9)Analytical, Trustworthy and Self-assured
• You are sensitive. You like to surround
yourself with little “gems”, which you discover
wherever they are overlooked by others. Thus,
culture plays a special role in your life. You
have found your own personal style, which is
elegant and exclusive, free from the influence
of fashion. Your ideal, upon which you base
you life, is cultured pleasure. You value a
certain level of culture on the part of the
people with whom you associate.
3 Pen pal time
• Directions: Write a short letter to
the radio program “Pen Pal Time”
describing your personality, hobbies
and some other personal information.
The aim of this letter is to make
some new friends. Then read your
letter to your group members.
Sample
• Dear Host or Hostess,
• I’m a freshman from Northeast University, majoring
in Electrical Engineering. I’m writing in the hope that
I can make some new friends
• On the whole, I’m a lively, active and helpful girl, who
enjoys staying with friends. I also have a sensitive
and emotional soul. I value friendship more than
anything else. In my free time I enjoy listening to
music, such as classic, pop, or light music. My favorite
group is Backstreet boys. My motto is “I believe I can
fly”. But I don’t like sports. So those who enjoy
watching games and talking about sports, do not write
to me . Otherwise they will be disappointed.
Sample• Anyone who is of a similar age and
wants a friend to talk to or write to,
please email: lanyue1222@sohu.com.
Write to me and you will receive my
reply immediately, especially if you
write in English.
4. Can We Improve Our Personality?
Directions:
Three different people come to you for help.
Each one has an undesirable personality trait
that he/she wants to get rid of: selfishness,
impatience and dishonesty.
• Give them each specific and practical advice
about how to change their behavior.
Advice for the selfish person:
Samples 1-1
 Make a point of thinking of the other people’s
feelings.
 Before you think of yourself, ask the other
person if he/she would like anything, ask how
he/she is, what he/she is doing.
 Make a point of sharing more often.
 Think of kind things to do for your friends.
 Be helpful to other people.
 Ask yourself why you always think of yourself
first.
• Advice for the impatient person:
Samples 1-2
 Ask yourself what things or situations or
particular types of people make you feel
impatient.
Adopt strategies that will help you be more
patient like deep breathing, counting to ten,
thinking of a peaceful and kind person, and
thinking of good things about the situations or the
people that annoy you.
Remember that personality differs from person
to person. Some people are born slow in doing
thing, you need to be more understanding.
 Put up some reminders such as “be
patient” on the wall.
• Advice for the person who is dishonest:
Samples 1-3
Make friends with an honest person.
Ask yourself the advantages of being honest.
Record when and why you were dishonest.
Think about the consequences of being dishonest.
Ask yourself whether you would like to make friends
with a dishonest person.
• 5. Comparing Optimists with
Pessimists
• STEP ONE
The two after-class reading passages tell
a lot about optimists and pessimists. Fill in
the following table to make a summary of
the characteristics of the two types of
people.
Optimists
Defining
Characteristic
tend to believe defeat
is temporary and limited
to one case only; do not
blame themselves
Thinking
Pattern
positive
Attitude
Towards
Difficulties or
Failures
see things in their least
threatening light; regard
bad events as
temporary
challenges to overcome
Attitude
Towards
take credit
Pessimists
tend to believe bad
events will last a long
time, will undermine
everything they do ;
blame themselves
negative
imagine the worst
consider it as luck
Optimists
Pessimists
Action
Taken
When
Things Go
Badly
act quickly, look for
solutions, form a new
plan of action and
move slowly and do
seek advice
not seek advice
Consequen
-ce of
Two
Different
Ways of
Looking at
Life
bounce back quickly
and regain one′s
strength
soon;
do
much better in school
and at work; are
happier, healthier and
more successful
give up easily and get
depressed more often;
recover slowly; are more likely
to suffer from hopelessness,
loneliness and painful
shyness; get physically sick
more often, especially
middle-age diseases
STEP TWO
Work in groups to:
1) compare your work and complete the
summary;
2) give advice to pessimists
to help them
change their way of looking at life.
Advice to pessimists:
 Go shopping when you are depressed.
 When things go wrong, have another try
before you give up.
 Help other people whenever you can. This
will give you a sense of achievement.
 Learn to interpret failure in a positive way.
 Do not believe in fate.
 Keep fit. This will help you to be energetic
and active.
6. Once upon a Time...
Directions:
Work in groups to invent a fairy tale that
begins with “Once upon a time” and that ends
with “And they lived happily ever after” .
Your story should include at least 5 words
that describe one’s personality traits. Share
your story with the whole class and explain
the moral of your story.
Tom
&
Jerry
Samples 1-1
• Once upon a time, there was a proud house
cat and a clever mouse. The cat was called
Tom and the mouse was called Jerry. The
master of the house was very kind and
generous to Tom. The master gave him three
good meals a day for his effort in driving the
mouse away. Tom worked hard. He was truly
diligent and tried his very best to catch
Jerry but he never managed to succeed.
Every time he got close to Jerry, Jerry
would make a quick turn and leave Tom once
again far behind.
Samples 1-2
• The game between Tom and Jerry went on for
some time. Christmas was coming and the children
in the house would receive presents. Tom, of
course, expected to receive something from his
master. He was a shrewd cat so he made up his
mind to do something to please his master before
Christmas.
Samples 1-3
•
•
•
Tom sent for his brother to help him drive the
mouse out of the house. They worked well
together and Jerry disappeared. Tom was now
very proud of himself. To his amazement, his
master had no intention of giving him a
Christmas bonus. In fact, Tom’s meals became
worse and worse since the master found there
was no need to keep a cat if there were no mice.
Tom was a sensitive cat and felt very sad. He
then realized how important Jerry was and
begged Jerry to return. The master was
shocked to see the mouse again. Suddenly Tom’s
meals began to improve.
From then on, Tom just pretended to work hard.
Sometimes he shared his meals with Jerry. And
they lived happily ever after.
Writing and translation
1. 人们认为，悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和
失败。
It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness,
sickness and failure.
2. 与此相反，乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和
成功。
Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and
successful.
3. 当你做某件事失败时，把失败当作一种学
习的经历从中汲取益处。
When you fail in something, profit from the failure as
Writing and translation-2
4. 在问题或困难面前，要想想自己的长处并
树立起自信心。。
Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in
front of problems or difficulties..
5. 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。
Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back..
6. 每个人都经历过失败和失望，因此不要过
多地责怪自己。。
Everyone
has experienced failures and disappointments,
don’t blame yourself too much..
so
3. Writing
Directions: Write an article entitled
“My Advice to Pessimists” based on the
result of the discussion in Step Two,
Exercise 5, Part Three. You are
encouraged to use the sentences you
have just translated in your composition.
Your article must cover the following two
points:
1) disadvantages of pessimism
2) way(s) of overcoming pessimism
Sample 1-1
My Advice to Pessimists
 Pessimism is a common psychological disease, which
often leads to depression, failure or hopelessness in
life. If it dominates a person, this person’s life will
be dull and he will not have a good mood for work or
play. If a person is a serious pessimist, he will do
something stupid—for example, commit suicide, or
use drugs to get relief, etc. Pessimism is a threat
to society.
 Pessimists should be guided to change some aspects
of their personalities. Here is how I suggest about
pessimism, I hope they will be of some use to
pessimists.
Sample 1-2
 You should gradually build up your self-confidence in
life. Everyone is likely to lose in life. Think about the
bright side of things. Don’t let disappointment block
your way to normal life. Misfortune is part of life
which is hard to avoid, so you should face up to it.
 Your way of thinking should be changed. Failure is the
mother of success. Try to think in a different way,
and think as optimists do, then there will be a shiny
sky over you.
 Anyway, you should realize that pessimism is
harmful to you and to your family and society
as well. Try your best to get rid of it, then
you are sure to be a winner in life!
Sample 2-1
• It is believed that pessimism often leads
to hopelessness, sickness and failure, while
optimism usually brings happiness, good
health and success. Pessimists also make
those around them very miserable.
Therefore, pessimists should change their
way of thinking and overcome the negative
aspects of their personalities. Here are a
few tips for them:
• 1. Try to smile more often. A smile has
great power. It can chase sadness away.
It will make you and other people feel
happy. And it may even make things easier
and better. Smiling in the morning makes
a good beginning for the day. A smile is
the most important sign of optimism.
• 2. Build up your self-confidence. Try to
discover as many of your personal
strengths as you can. Then write them all
down. Read them several times when you
are getting ready to do something or
when you facing difficulties. Your list will
help you see your abilities.
• 3. Change your way of thinking. Don’t
always think that things will go wrong or
that if they do there will be terrible
results. Instead, convince yourself that
things will improve and that you can work
hard to help improve them. If you fail,
think about what you have learned from
the failure. If you succeed, praise
yourself. Don’t be too modest! There is
nothing more encouraging than self-praise.
• Try your best to become an optimist.