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8TH GRADE SCIENCE
COMMON POSTTEST
STANDARD 4
1. Which of the colors in the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum would have the least energy
and why?
a. violet, because it has the highest frequency
b. red, because it has the lowest frequency
c. red, because it has the lowest frequency
d. violet, because it has the lowest frequency
2.
Which of these best describes how energy spreads from an energy producing source?
a.in 2 directions and gets stronger with distance
b. in 1 direction and gets weaker with distance
c. in all directions and gets weaker with distance
d. in all directions and gets stronger with distance
3.
Energy is to a medium as
a. worm is to dirt
c. costume is to Halloween
?
b. car is to steering wheel
d. mountain is to earth
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Which of the following statement(s) are TRUE for the waves pictured below. YOU MAY NEED TO CHOOSE
MORE THAN ONE
Wave A has the longest wavelength
Wave A and B have the same energy
Wave C has the lowest frequency
Wave C has the highest energy
Wave C as the highest frequency
5. Which of the following statement(s) are TRUE regarding the transfer of energy (sound, light, earthquake,
heat)
a. Heat energy and sound energy can be transferred through solids such as metals.
b. Sound waves will travel faster than light through the air.
c. Light energy and heat energy can be transferred through empty space (does not require a medium).
d. Sound travels faster in solids than in air.
e. P-waves travel slower than S-waves
6. If the astronaut moved from position 1 to position 2 what could his mass and weight be? Choose the 2 best answers.
a.) Mass=80kg Weight=140lbs
d.) Mass=75kg Weight=205lbs
b.) Mass=75 kg Weight 140lbs.
e.) Mass=100kg Weight=180lbs
Position 1
c.) Mass=75kg Weight=135lbs
f.) Mass=100kg Weight=135lbs.
Position 2
Mass=75kg
Weight=155lb. (Newtons)
Mass=????
Weight=???
7. Which object(s) would experience the most gravitational force on Earth and weigh the most and why?
Choose all that apply.
a.)
b.)
c.)
d.)
Object 1
Mass=250 kg
Volume=10 liters
Density=25kg/l
Object 2
Mass=200 kg
Volume=50 liters
Density=4 kg/l
Object 3
Mass=280 kg
Volume=2 liters
Density=140 kg/l
Object 4
Mass=280 kg
Volume=2 liters
Density=140 kg/l
8. Which graph best shows the relationship between the force of gravity on a mass and the distance the mass
is from Earth?
more
Distance from
Earth
less
more
Distance from
Earth
9. What is the mechanical advantage of this ramp?
a. 25
b. 4
c. 100
d. 2
4 METERS
1 METERS
less
more
Distance from
Earth
more
less
Force of gravity
more
d.)
less
Force of gravity
less
Force of gravity
less
c.)
more
b.)
Force of gravity
less
more
a.)
less
more
Distance from
Earth
10. What is the mechanical advantage of this lever?
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
80 Newtons
d. 5
40 Newtons
8 in
in.
4 in
11. The data below was collected using a simple machine.
What is the mechanical advantage of this machine AND what is the missing value? Chose the one best answer.
a. 5 and 275 Newtons
d. 5 and 300 Newtons
Effort Force
50 Newtons
75 Newtons
100 Newtons
125 Newtons
150 Newtons
b. 2 and 350 Newtons
e. 10 and 300 Newtons
c. 2 and 300 Newtons
f. 10 and 350 Newtons
Resistance Force
100 Newtons
150 Newtons
200 Newtons
250 Newtons
??????
12. Students ran an experiment to determine how to help a block slide down a ramp. They did 4 tests. They
pulled o the block with a scale. The first test they used Velcro between the block and ramp. They also used
just the block and ramp, the block with wheels, and the block with oil. Use the data table to answer the
following question. Which of the following best describes the types of friction and the order of most
resistance to least resistance?
Velcro Force to move
Ramp Force to move
Block with wheels force
Block with oil force to
block
block
move block
move block
25 Newtons
21 Newtons
18 Newtons
14 Newtons
a.) static friction, fluid friction ,rolling friction, sliding friction
b.) static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, fluid friction
c.) fluid friction, static friction ,sliding friction, rolling friction
d.) static friction, fluid friction ,sliding friction, rolling friction
13. Which of the following pairs are BOTH examples of fluid friction?
a. bottom of ski on snow and bottom of foot on floor
b. pushing a chair across the floor and rubbing your hands together
c. rolling ball and wheel on a moving bicycle
d. hovercraft riding on air and sliding on a water slide
14. Which one of the objects below would be harder to start rolling?
a.)
b.)
c.)
Mass=200 kg
Mass=75 kg
d.)
Mass=100 kg
Mass=300 kg
15. You and your older cousin are pulling each other in a wagon. After a while
you decide to have a competition and see who can pull the other faster for
10 meters. You collect some data on your experiment.
These data are below. Your cousin weighs115 pounds and you weigh 150 pounds.
What is the best explanation for why you were able to go faster with your
cousin in the wagon than he was with you in the wagon?
Time for you
pulling your
cousin
Time for your
cousin pulling
you
Trial 1
2.5 sec
Trial 2
2.3 sec
Trial 3
2.6 sec
Trial 4
2.7 sec
Average
2.5 sec
3.0 sec
3.1 sec
3.3 sec
3.4 sec
3.2 sec
a.) Your cousin has more mass than you and he is harder to accelerate
b.) Your cousin has more mass than you and he is easier to accelerate
c.) You have less mass than your cousin and you are easier to accelerate
d.) You have more mass than your cousin and you are harder to accelerate
16. If the kayaker pulls the paddle against the water with 150 newtons
of force how much force does the water push on the paddle?
a.) 50 newtons
c.) 150 newtons
b.) 100 newtons
d.) 250 newtons
Paddle Force= 150N
newtons
Water Force=?
17. What is the net force and resulting motion of the bicyclist?
a. 100 Newtons to the left, decelerating
b. 200 Newtons to the right, constant speed to the right
c. 100 Newtons to the left, constant speed to the left
d. 200 Newtons to the right, decelerating
200 Newtons
100 Newtons
18. Bob and Gary are in a tug-o-war. What will be the net force and what will be the resulting
motion of the Bob /or Gary?
Pulling force=20 N
Pulling force=10 N
a.) 23 Newtons, decelerating to the left
b.) 19 Newtons, accelerating to the right
c.) 6 Newtons, decelerating to the left
d.) 4 Newtons, accelerating to the right
Bob
Sliding Friction Force
at feet=9 N
Gary
Sliding Friction Force
at feet=3 N
19. Using the picture below. Where, in the balls path, is its gravitational potential energy the most?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
C
B
D
A
20. Which statement best describes the energy conversions taking place as
the ball is first tossed up and then comes down?
a. energy transfers from kinetic to potential and back to kinetic
b. kinetic and potential energy are equal going up and coming down
c. energy transfers from potential to kinetic and back to potential
d. energy transfers back and forth between potential and kinetic going up and
coming down
21. Use the pendulum to answer the following question.
How much gravitational potential energy is contained at position 3?
a. 400 J
b. 350 J
c. 200 J
d. 0 J
1
Kinetic Energy=0 J
Gravitational Energy= 800 J
2
Kinetic Energy=350 J
Gravitational Energy= 450 J
3
Kinetic Energy=400 J
Gravitational Energy= ??? J
22. You place ice cubes onto a hot surface. The ice cubes melt. What best describes how heat melted the ice
cubes?
a. The ice transfers cold to the surrounding air.
b. The hot surface transfers heat to the ice and melts the ice.
c. The hot surface transfers cold to the ice and melts the ice.
d. The ice transfers cold to the hot surface which cools the surface.
23. Use the diagram below. Which of the following statements about the law of conservation of energy and
energy transformations as coal (potential energy) is turned into electrical energy?
a. All the potential energy from the coal is converted in electrical energy so you get
100% of the potential energy from the coal into electrical energy
b. Some energy is lost at each transformation so only a small amount of coal potential
energy is converted to electrical energy
c. Some energy is gained at each transformation so more electrical energy is produced
than the coal potential energy you started with
d. Half the amount of potential energy from the coal will get converted into electrical
energy
24. What is the best order of energy transformations in the diagram below?
a. electrical in generator, chemical potential in the coal, heat, kinetic in the turbine, electrical
b. chemical potential in the coal, heat, kinetic in the turbine, electrical in generator, electrical
c. chemical potential in the coal, heat, electrical, kinetic in the turbine, electrical in generator
d. heat, chemical potential in the coal, kinetic in the turbine, electrical in generator, electrical
25. Bobby and Sally observed 100 planaria (small worm like organisms that live in water)
in a pond and recorded the following data. What can you infer about energy and
planaria from this experiment?
Trial #
1
2
3
4
Number of
Planarian
Moving
50
90
20
30
a.) planaria are most active in cool water than warm water
b.) planaria are most active in high light
c.) planaria are most active in low light and warm water
d.) planaria do not appear to respond to heat or light
Water
Temperature
Light
Warm
Warm
Cool
Cool
High Light
Low Light
High Light
Low Light
26. An experiment was set up to test how planaria respond to
light.
PETRI DISH #1: 4 planaria had an ice cube and extra light.
PETRI DISH #2: 4 planaria, warm water, and was dark.
The student teams then recorded how many of the planaria
were moving every 30 seconds and how they were moving.
What best describes this experiment?
a.) reliable because all variables were controlled
b.) reliable because measurements were taken every 30 seconds
c.) not reliable because too many variables were not controlled
d.) not reliable because both petri dishes had 4 planaria each
8TH GRADE SCIENCE
COMMON PRETEST
STANDARD 4-KEY
1. Which of the colors in the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum would have the least
energy and why?
a. violet, because it has the highest frequency
b. red, because it has the lowest frequency
c. red, because it has the lowest frequency
d. violet, because it has the lowest frequency
2.
Which of these best describes how energy spreads from an energy producing source?
a.in 2 directions and gets stronger with distance
b. in 1 direction and gets weaker with distance
c. in all directions and gets weaker with distance
d. in all directions and gets stronger with distance
3.
Energy is to a medium as
a. worm is to dirt
c. costume is to Halloween
4.
The following statement(s) are TRUE for the waves pictured below. YOU MAY NEED TO CHOOSE MORE
THAN ONE
a. Wave A has the longest wavelength
b. Wave A and B have the same energy
c. Wave C has the lowest frequency
d. Wave C has the highest energy
e. Wave C as the highest frequency
?
b. car is to steering wheel
d. mountain is to earth
5. Which of the following statement(s) are TRUE regarding the transfer of energy (sound, light, earthquake,
heat)
a. Heat energy and sound energy can be transferred through solids such as metals.
b. Sound waves will travel faster than light through the air.
c. Light energy and heat energy can be transferred through empty space (does not require a medium).
d. Sound travels faster in solids than in air.
e. P-waves travel slower than S-waves
6. If the astronaut moved from position 1 to position 2 what could his mass and weight be? Choose the 2 best answers.
a.) Mass=80kg Weight=140lbs
d.) Mass=75kg Weight=205lbs
b.) Mass=75 kg Weight 140lbs.
e.) Mass=100kg Weight=180lbs
Position 1
Mass=75kg
Weight=155lb. (Newtons)
c.) Mass=75kg Weight=135lbs
f.) Mass=100kg Weight=135lbs.
Position 2
Mass=????
Weight=???
7. Which object(s) would experience the most gravitational force on Earth and weigh the most and why?
Choose all that apply.
a.)
b.)
c.)
d.)
Object 1
Mass=250 kg
Volume=10 liters
Density=2.5kg/l
Object 2
Mass=200 kg
Volume=50 liters
Density=0.4 kg/l
Object 3
Mass=280 kg
Volume=2 liters
Density=5.0 kg/l
Object 4
Mass=280 kg
Volume=2 liters
Density=12.5 kg/l
8. Which graph best shows the relationship between the force of gravity on a mass and the distance the mass
is from Earth?
less
more
Distance from
Earth
less
more
Distance from
Earth
9. What is the mechanical advantage of this ramp?
less
more
Distance from
Earth
more
less
Force of gravity
more
d.)
less
Force of gravity
more
c.)
less
less
Force of gravity
more
b.)
Force of gravity
a.)
less
more
Distance from
Earth
a. 25
b. 4
c. 100
d. 2
4 METERS
1 METERS
10. What is the mechanical advantage of this lever?
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
80 Newtons
d. 5
40 Newtons
8 in
in.
4 in
11. The data below was collected using a simple machine.
What is the mechanical advantage of this machine AND what is the missing value? Chose the one best answer.
a. 5 and 275 Newtons
d. 5 and 300 Newtons
Effort Force
50 Newtons
75 Newtons
100 Newtons
125 Newtons
150 Newtons
b. 2 and 350 Newtons
e. 10 and 300 Newtons
Resistance Force
100 Newtons
150 Newtons
200 Newtons
250 Newtons
??????
c. 2 and 300 Newtons
f. 10 and 350 Newtons
12. Students ran an experiment to determine how to help a block slide down a ramp. They did 4 tests. They
pulled o the block with a scale. The first test they used Velcro between the block and ramp. They also used
just the block and ramp, the block with wheels, and the block with oil. Use the data table to answer the
following question. Which of the following best describes the types of friction and the order of most
resistance to least resistance?
Velcro Force to move
Ramp Force to move
Block with wheels force
Block with oil force to
block
block
move block
move block
25 Newtons
21 Newtons
18 Newtons
14 Newtons
a.) static friction, fluid friction ,rolling friction, sliding friction
b.) static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, fluid friction
c.) fluid friction, static friction ,sliding friction, rolling friction
d.) static friction, fluid friction ,sliding friction, rolling friction
13. Which of the following pairs are BOTH examples of fluid friction?
a. bottom of ski on snow and bottom of foot on floor
b. pushing a chair across the floor and rubbing your hands together
c. rolling ball and wheel on a moving bicycle
d. hovercraft riding on air and sliding on a water slide
14. Which one of the objects below would be harder to start rolling?
a.)
b.)
Mass=75 kg
c.)
Mass=200 kg
d.)
Mass=100 kg
Mass=300 kg
15. You and your older cousin are pulling each other in a wagon. After a while
you decide to have a competition and see who can pull the other faster for
10 meters. You collect some data on your experiment.
These data are below. Your cousin weighs115 pounds and you weigh 150 pounds.
What is the best explanation for why you were able to go faster with your
cousin in the wagon than he was with you in the wagon?
Time for you
pulling your
cousin
Time for your
cousin pulling
you
Trial 1
2.5 sec
Trial 2
2.3 sec
Trial 3
2.6 sec
Trial 4
2.7 sec
Average
2.5 sec
3.0 sec
3.1 sec
3.3 sec
3.4 sec
3.2 sec
a.) Your cousin has more mass than you and he is harder to accelerate
b.) Your cousin has more mass than you and he is easier to accelerate
c.) You have less mass than your cousin and you are easier to accelerate
d.) You have more mass than your cousin and you are harder to accelerate
16. If the kayaker pulls the paddle against the water with 150 newtons
of force how much force does the water push on the paddle?
a.) 50 newtons
c.) 150 newtons
b.) 100 newtons
d.) 250 newtons
Paddle Force= 150N
newtons
Water Force=?
17. What is the net force and resulting motion of the bicyclist?
a. 100 Newtons to the left, decelerating
b. 200 Newtons to the right, constant speed to the right
c. 100 Newtons to the left, constant speed to the left
d. 200 Newtons to the right, decelerating
100 Newtons
200 Newtons
18. Bob and Gary are in a tug-o-war. What will be the net force and what will be the resulting
motion of the Bob /or Gary?
Pulling force=10 N
Pulling force=20 N
a.) 23 Newtons, decelerating to the left
b.) 19 Newtons, accelerating to the right
c.) 6 Newtons, decelerating to the left
d.) 4 Newtons, accelerating to the right
Bob
Sliding Friction Force
at feet=9 N
Gary
Sliding Friction Force
at feet=3 N
19. Using the picture below. Where, in the balls path, is its gravitational potential energy the most?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
C
B
D
A
20. Which statement best describes the energy conversions taking place as
the ball is first tossed up and then comes down?
a. energy transfers from kinetic to potential and back to kinetic
b. kinetic and potential energy are equal going up and coming down
c. energy transfers from potential to kinetic and back to potential
d. energy transfers back and forth between potential and kinetic going up and
coming down
21. Use the pendulum to answer the following question.
How much gravitational potential energy is contained at position 3?
a. 400 J
b. 350 J
c. 200 J
d. 0 J
1
Kinetic Energy=0 J
Gravitational Energy= 800 J
2
Kinetic Energy=350 J
Gravitational Energy= 450 J
3
Kinetic Energy=400 J
Gravitational Energy= ??? J
22. You place ice cubes onto a hot surface. The ice cubes melt. What best describes how heat melted the ice
cubes?
a. The ice transfers cold to the surrounding air.
b. The hot surface transfers heat to the ice and melts the ice.
c. The hot surface transfers cold to the ice and melts the ice.
d. The ice transfers cold to the hot surface which cools the surface.
23. Use the diagram below. Which of the following statements about the law of conservation of energy and
energy transformations as coal (potential energy) is turned into electrical energy?
a. All the potential energy from the coal is converted in electrical energy so you get
100% of the potential energy from the coal into electrical energy
b. Some energy is lost at each transformation so only a small amount of coal potential
energy is converted to electrical energy
c. Some energy is gained at each transformation so more electrical energy is produced
than the coal potential energy you started with
d. Half the amount of potential energy from the coal will get converted into electrical
energy
24. What is the best order of energy transformations in the diagram below?
a. electrical in generator, chemical potential in the coal, heat, kinetic in the turbine, electrical
b. chemical potential in the coal, heat, kinetic in the turbine, electrical in generator, electrical
c. chemical potential in the coal, heat, electrical, kinetic in the turbine, electrical in generator
d. heat, chemical potential in the coal, kinetic in the turbine, electrical in generator, electrical
25. Bobby and Sally observed 100 planaria (small worm like organisms that live in water)
in a pond and recorded the following data. What can you infer about energy and
planaria from this experiment?
Trial #
1
2
3
4
Number of
Planarian
Moving
50
90
20
30
Water
Temperature
Light
Warm
Warm
Cool
Cool
High Light
Low Light
High Light
Low Light
a.) planaria are most active in cool water than warm water
b.) planaria are most active in high light
c.) planaria are most active in low light and warm water
d.) planaria do not appear to respond to heat or light
26. An experiment was set up to test how planaria respond to
light.
PETRI DISH #1: 4 planaria had an ice cube and extra light.
PETRI DISH #2: 4 planaria, warm water, and was dark.
The student teams then recorded how many of the planaria
were moving every 30 seconds and how they were moving.
What best describes this experiment?
a.) reliable because all variables were controlled
b.) reliable because measurements were taken every 30 seconds
c.) not reliable because too many variables were not controlled
d.) not reliable because both petri dishes had 4 planaria each