Module 3: Individual Interventions
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Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
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Module 3: Agenda
• Foundational Concepts
• Designing Interventions
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Operational Definitions
Data Collection
A-B-C Chain
Functions of Behavior
• Specific Intervention
Strategies
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Foundations
All behavior
is learned
Skill
deficits
impact
behavior
Behavior
serves a
function
Team
approach is
critical
Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
Environment
impacts
behavior
Relationship
matters!
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Foundations
All
behavior
is learned
Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
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Foundations
Behavior
serves a
function
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Foundations
Environments
impact
behavior
Environment
Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
Behavior
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Foundations
Skill deficits
impact
problem
behavior
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Foundations
Team
approach
is critical
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Foundations
Relationships
matter!
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Operational Definition
Observable
Measurable
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Operationalized Description
Vague Description
Chad is lazy
Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
Operationalized
Description
Chad
completes
1/5
assignments
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Operationalized Description
Vague Description
Susan is mean
Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
Operationalized
Description
Makes
derogatory
comments to
peers, such as
“you’re stupid”
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Operationalized Description
Vague Description
Thomas
doesn’t
care about
school
Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
Operationalized
Description
Absent
average of
2 days/week
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Operationalized Description
Vague Description
Manuel
doesn’t play
nicely
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Operationalized
Description
Grabs toys
out of peers’
hands
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Data Collection
Frequency
Duration
Baseline
Latency
Intervention
Intensity
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ABCs of Behavior
Antecedent
Behavior
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Consequence
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Identifying Antecedents
Antecedent
Resulting Behavior
Academic tasks
Walking around room
Given task
Verbal refusal
Group work
Talking to peers
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Identifying Antecedents
Antecedent
Resulting Behavior
Independent work
Playing in desk
Transitions
Loud verbalizations
Unstructured
situations
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Physical interactions
w/ peers
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Consequences
BEHAVIOR
• Student given time-out
• Teacher gives
praise/attention
• Peers laugh
• Has free time
• Teacher reprimands
student
• Teacher redirects student
• Student gets good grade
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Functions of Behavior
Internal
Rocking in chair
for soothing effect
Walk out of
class to avoid
embarrassment
External
Obtain
Cussing to get
peer attention
Escape/
Avoid
Hitting teacher
to escape task
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Functions for Most Problem
Behaviors:
• Get peer attention
• Get adult attention
• Get reward or
tangible item
Texas Behavior Support Initiative: Module 3
• Gain access to
preferred activity
• Get sensory
stimulation
• Escape or delay a
difficult task or
non-preferred
activity
• Escape or avoid a
demanding
situation
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ABCs of Behavior
Antecedent
Independent
work in
subject that
is difficult
Behavior
Throws
paper and
yells
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Consequence
Sent to
office
(where
given no
attention)
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ABCs of Behavior
Antecedent
Large
group
activity
Behavior
Consequence
Yells out
and
makes offsubject
comments
Teacher
gives mild
reprimand;
peers laugh
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How do I determine the
function of a behavior?
Talk to people who
know the student
Observe the student in
environments where behavior
most likely to occur
Talk to the student
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Replacement Behavior
• Appropriate
behavior to replace Problem Behavior
problem behavior
• Should serve the
same function as
the problem
behavior
Replacement
Behavior
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Reinforcers
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Variables that Make
Reinforcers More Effective
•
•
•
•
•
Immediately
Frequently
Enthusiasm
Eye contact
Description of the
behavior
• Anticipation
• Variety
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Components of a Good
Behavior Support Plan
Strategies for:
• Increasing desired
behavior
• Changing the
antecedents
• Providing positive
consequences
• Managing inappropriate
behavior
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Modify the Antecedent
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Function
Difficult
assignment
Throws
paper
Teacher
corrects,
peers laugh
Gain
attention
(peers &
teacher)
Modify
Student
Teacher gives
Gain
assignment, completes
good grade
attention
Group
the
and attention, (peers &
assignment assignment
group gets
teacher)
good grade
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Modify Consequence
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Function
Difficult
assignment
Throws
paper
Teacher
corrects,
peers laugh
Gain
attention
(peers &
teacher)
Difficult
assignment
Throws
paper
Teacher and
peers ignore,
(Give
attention to
on-task
behavior)
Does not get
attention for
throwing
(Extinction)
Attention
only for ontask
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Teach Replacement Behavior
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Function
Difficult
assignment
Throws
paper
Teacher
corrects,
peers laugh
Gain
attention
(peers &
teacher)
Difficult
assignment
Teach
Teacher helps
student to student when
raise hand
hand raised
for help
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Gain
attention
(peers &
teacher)
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Function and Strategies
Function:
Get access to desired activities or
tangibles
Strategy:
• Deny access to the activity or tangible after a
problem behavior (consequence)
• Teach acceptable alternatives to obtain access
(replacement)
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Function and Strategies
Function:
Escape or avoid unpleasant activities, tasks or
persons
Strategy:
• Reinforce the student for compliance to your instructions
(consequence)
• Teach the student how to seek help (replacement)
• Teach acceptable alternatives to escape (replacement)
• Reinforce the student for the absence of the problem
(reward appropriate behavior) (consequence)
• Initially remove or reduce demands and then gradually
increase them (antecedent)
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Function and Strategies
Function:
Get attention from peers or teachers
Strategy:
• Increase attention for appropriate behaviors
(consequence)
• Ignore problem behavior (consequence)
• Teach acceptable alternatives for attention
(replacement)
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Function and Strategies
Function:
Get sensory stimulation
Strategy:
• Interrupt and redirect the student (antecedent)
• Use reinforcement when behavior is not occurring
(consequence)
• Increase access to alternative sources of stimulation
(antecedent)
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Activity: ABC Interventions
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Function
Independent
work
Makes
noises
Teacher has
student put
head down on
desk
Escape
task
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Develop Action Plan
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Implement Plan and
Collect Data
• Simple
• Same method as
baseline
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Evaluate Effectiveness
Modify Intervention
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Big Ideas!
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•
•
•
•
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All behavior is learned
Behavior serves a function
Environment impacts behavior
Skill deficits impact behavior
Team approach is critical
Relationships matter!!
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