Señora Brooks, profesora
SPANISH =
CASTILIAN
Español = Castellano
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Officially a Language:
In the United Nations, European Union,
Organization of American States,
Organization of Ibero-American States,
Union of South American Nations,
North American Free Trade Agreement,
Andean Community of Nations,
Mercosur, Caricom,
Latin Union,
Antarctic Treaty.
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Oh, and also in:
Europe
Spain – Madrid
Caribbean
Cuba - Havana
Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo
Puerto Rico - San Juan
Africa
Equatorial Guinea – Malabo South America
Venezuela - Caracas
North America
Colombia - Bogotá
Mexico - Mexico City
Ecuador - Quito
Peru - Lima
Bolivia - 2 Capitals
Central America
Guatemala - Guatemala City
La Paz (Administrative)
Honduras - Tegucigalpa
Sucre (Constitutional)
El Salvador - San Salvador
Paraguay - Asunción
Nicaragua - Managua
Chile - Santiago
Costa Rica - San José
Argentina - Buenos Aires
Panama - Panama City
Uruguay - Montevideo
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Where is Spanish spoken?
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Third-most spoken language, huh.
Just how many people in the world
speak it?
358,000,000 as a first language
500 million currently
(counting second language speakers)
That’s 78.4 INDIANAS!!!
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Language Tree
Indo-European Italic
Romance
Italo-Western
Gallo-Iberian
Ibero-Romance
West
Iberian
Spanish,
Castilian
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Spanish uses the Latin Alphabet
With a Few Twists
There are three digraphs: ‹ch› (che), ‹ll› (elle / doble ele)
and ‹rr› (doble erre)
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VOCAB TIME!!!
Hello = Hola
Good-bye = Adios
Please = Por favor
Thank you = Gracias
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English words that are from Spanish
*Alligator from el lagarto, "the lizard“
* Armadillo from armadillo, "little armored one"
*Cafeteria from cafetería, "coffee store"
*Caldera (used in geology) from Spanish caldera, "=cauldron"
*Cilantro from Spanish cilantro, "coriander"
*Desperado from Spanish desesperado, desperate
*El Dorado from El Dorado, literally, "the golden one"
*Florida from La Florida, the flowery or plant-filled place
*lariat from la reata, = the strap, rein, or rope
*lasso from Spanish lazo
*loco from loco, =mad, crazy
*Montana from montaña, a mountain from
*Mosquito, literally "little fly"
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And, . . .
*nacho from Nacho, a nickname for the given name Ignacio, inventor of
the snack
*Nevada from Nevada literally "snowy“
*patio from patio, inner courtyard
*plaza from plaza, ="public square, spot or place"
*Pronto from Spanish "immediately"
*Quesadilla from quesadilla, diminutive of "queso" = cheese.
*Ranch from rancho, a hut
*Rodeo from rodeo and verb rodear (to round up)
*sombrero from sombrero (literally, shade maker), ="hat“
*tortilla from tortilla, "little torta" = cake. Currently means "omelet" in
Spain; in Spanish America = small cake of either corn meal or wheat
flour
*vigilante from Spanish vigilante, meaning watchman
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Where did Spanish start?
Home Sweet Home
We know Spain speaks Spanish.
What about other languages?
Aranese, Basque, Catalan/Valencian
and Galician are spoken in Spain.
Aranese, Catalan/Vanencian and Galician are
all Indo-European like Spanish is.
Basque is not from the same language
branch. In fact, it has its OWN branch! It is
the last remaining pre-Indo-European
language in Western Europe. It’s branch is
? 12 a, b, c
called: Basque (isolate)
The Basque Region
includes a part of Spain
and north into
France
A Very Short Look at
Spain’s History
The Alpha and the Omega:
Pelayo of Asturias and King Juan Carlos I
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1492 brought the final resolution to Spain’s
occupation by the Moors and unified Spain.
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The Catholic
Church, on
authority from
King Ferdinand
and Queen
Isabella, led in the
final unification
of Spain by
fighting the
Muslims (Moors).
Granada was the
last battle.
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December 27, 1978
saw Spain’s
current
constitution
become law. Don
Juan Carlos I is
noted as King of
Spain.
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King JUAN CARLOS I
( since November 22 , 1975)
President of the
Government (Prime
Minister equivalent) Jose
Luis Rodriguez
ZAPATERO
(since April 17, 2004)
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Ah, Spain!
What makes Spain, Spain?
Spanish culture has its origins in the Iberian,
Celtiberian, Latin, Visigoth, Roman Catholic,
and Islamic cultures.
Let’s take a look . . .
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Iberian: the people living in the eastern and
southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula
“Iberian” is a blanket term
for a number of peoples
belonging to a pre-Roman
Iron Age culture .
Iberian knight of Moixent, in
the Valencian Community
The Iberian language, like the
rest of paleohispanic languages,
became extinct by the 1st to
2nd centuries AD, after being
gradually replaced by Latin.
Iberian seems to be a language
isolate. It is certainly not an
Indo-European language.
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Celtiberian Influence
• The Celtiberians were
Celtic-speaking people of
the Iberian Peninsula in
the final centuries BC.
The group originated
when Celts migrated
from Gaul and
integrated with the local
pre-Indo-European
populations, in particular
the Iberians.
• The cultural stronghold
of Celtiberians was the
northern area of the
central meseta in the
upper valleys of the
Tagus and Douro east to
the Iberus (Ebro) river, in
the modern provinces of
Soria, Guadalajara,
Zaragoza and Teruel.
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Latin Influence
• Spanish evolved from
“daily use” Latin (not
the stuff in books)
introduced to the
Iberian Peninsula by
Romans during the
Second Punic War
around 210 BC.
• Architecture, such as
this aqueduct, show
Roman influence, too.
Segovia, Spain
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Visigoth: one of two main branches
of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe
A votive crown belonging to
Recceswinth (653–672), as
found in the treasure of
Guarrazar, Spain.
• Of what remains of the
Visigoths in Spain, there
are several churches and
an increasing number of
archaeological finds. The
Visigoths were the only
people to establish new
cities in western Europe
after the fall of the
Roman Empire and
before the rise of the
Carolingians.
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Roman Catholic Influence
• Roman Catholicism has
• King Ferdinand and
long been the main
Queen Isabella of Spain
religion of Spain, though
formed an inquisition in
it no longer has official
1480, originally to deal
status. According to a
with distrusted converts
July 2009 study by the
from Judaism and Islam
Spanish Center of
to Catholicism. Over a
Sociological Research
350-year period, this
about 76% of Spaniards
Spanish Inquisition
self-identify as
executed between 3,000
Catholics.
and 4,000 people,
representing around two
percent of those accused.
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Islamic Influence
• Islam is the religion
articulated by the Qur’an,
a religious book considered
by its adherents to be the
verbatim word of the single
incomparable God (Arabic:
Allāh), and by the Prophet
of Islam Muhammad's
demonstrations and reallife examples. Islam
literally means
submission to God. An
adherent of Islam is a
Muslim, meaning "one who
submits (to God)".
• The Islamic civilization
was one of the most
advanced in the world
during the Middle Ages,
but was surpassed by
Europe with the economic
and military growth of the
West. By 1492, Spain
saw the last of the Moors, or
Muslims.
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Influence, Shimfluence!
What about life in Spain?
Literature
El Cid - The legendary hero
of the Re-conquista
El Cid (1045-1099), also
called El Cid Campeador, is
the name commonly used for
the important Castilian
knight and hero, Rodrigo (or
Ruy) Diaz de Vivar, who was
born in Bivar (Vivar). He
battled the Moriscos
(Spanish for Moors or
Muslims)
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The Celestina is a book
published anonymously
by Fernando de Rojas,
about whom we know
little, in 1499. This book
is considered to be one of
the greatest in Spanish
literature, and
traditionally marks the
end of medieval literature
and the beginning of the
literary renaissance in
Spain.
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Published by Miguel de
Cervantes in two volumes a
decade apart, Don Quixote is
the most influential work of
literature to emerge from the
Spanish Golden Age and
perhaps the entire Spanish
literary canon. As a
founding work of modern
Western literature, it
regularly appears at or near
the top of lists of the greatest
works of fiction ever
published.
Optical Illusion Image Gallery Don Quixote / Windmill
Octavio Ocampo
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Of course, Spaniards read other
books, too!
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Art
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he Museo del Prado is FULL of art by so many
talented people. Among them are . . .
T
Spain's greatest painters during the Golden age
period included El Greco, Bartolomé Esteban
Murillo, Diego Velázquez, and Francisco Goya,
who became world-renowned artist between the
period of the 1500s to 1800s. However, Spain's
best known artist since the 1900s has been Pablo
Picasso, who is known for abstract sculptures,
drawings, graphics, and ceramics in addition to
his paintings. Other leading artists include
Salvador Dalí, Juan Gris, Joan Miró, and
Antoni Tàpies.
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Architecture: Let’s just look!
Well, let’s back up a bit. . .
Holidays
Semena Santa = Holy Week
Penitential Brotherhood of the
Most Holy Christ of Love (for
youth), Carceres, Spain
San Fermin, Pamplona
Running away from a bull during the
nine-day San Fermin festival in
Pamplona, Spain, is one of the most
exhilarating activities an outsider can
do.
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Sports? One word:
Fútbol
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FOOD!!!
Education
Required Education
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Optional Education,
after age 16
Age Name Educacion Primaria
(Primary Education)
5-6 Primero (1st grade)
6-7 Segundo (2nd Grade)
8-9 Tercero (3rd Grade)
9-10 Cuarto (4th Grade)
10-11 Quinto (5th Grade)
11-12 Sexto (6th Grade) ESO
• (Secondary School)
12-13 Primero (first grade)
13-14 Segundo (second grade) 1
4-15 Tercero (third grade) 1
5-16 Cuarto (fourth grade)
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Famous Spanish People (Natives)
Actors:
Antonio Banderas
Penélope Cruz
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Authors
Mateo Aleman
Jacinto Benavente
Pedro Calderón de la Barca - playwright and poet
Miguel de Cervantes - author of El Quijote
Federico García Lorca - Spanish poet
Salvador de Madariaga
Tirso de Molina - playwright
Agustín Moreto y Cavana - playwright
Francisco de Quevedo
Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla - playwright
Juan Ruiz de Alarcón - playwright
Garcilaso de Vega
Félix Lope de Vega
José Zorrilla y Moral - poet
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Explorers and Leaders
Hernán Cortés - Spanish Conquistador
Vasco Núñez de Balboa - First to Sight the
Pacific
Francisco Pizarro - Conqueror of Inca Empire
El Cid - Spanish Knight and hero
Buenaventura Durruti
Francisco Franco
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Painters and Singers
Salvador Dalí
Francisco Goya
Joan Miró
Pablo Picasso
Diego Velázquez
Miguel Bosé
Montserrat Caballé
José Carreras
Plácido Domingo
Julio Iglesias
Alfredo Kraus
La Pandilla
Raphael
Melody Ruiz Gutiérrez
Alejandro Sanz
Camilo Sesto
Camarón de la Isla
Enrique Iglesias
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Athletes
Severiano Ballesteros - Golfer
Galo Blanco - Tennis Player
Fermin Cacho Ruiz - Athlete, Olympic Gold Medalist
Pedro Carrasco - World Champion Boxer
Javier Castillejo - World Champion Boxer
Juan Carlos Ferrero - Tennis Player
Sergio Garcia - Golfer
Pau Gasol - NA Basketball Player
Miguel Induráin - Cyclist
Carlos Moya - Tennis Player
José Maria Olazábal - Golfer
Carlos Sainz - Rally Driver
Arantxa Sanchez Vicario - Tennis Player
Cristina Sanchez - Bullfighter
Javier Sanchez - Tennis Player
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Hasta Luego, Amigos