21st Century College English: Book 2
Unit 8: Part A
Unwritten
Rules
Unit 8: Part A
• Pre-Reading Activities
• Intensive Study
• Exercises
• Assignment
Pre-Reading Activities
• Listening
• Warm-up Questions
Pre-reading Activities: Listening
As you listen to the tape, mark each word or phrase
J or T, to indicate whether Jill (the woman) or Tim
(the man) says them. (Some words might be spoken
by both of people!)
animal T
cold
J
anywhere J
decent
T
light
J,T no one
sleepy
J
J,T
social contract T
asleep J
ignore T
car
police J
safety T
who knows
T
law
Script
J
J,T
Pre-reading Activities: Listening
Jill: ItHoney,
whata are
you stopping
for?either. It’s a question of …
Tim:
isn’t just
question
of the law
social contrast.
It’s light
a question
of decent,
civilized
Tim: the
I’m stopping
because the
is red. Don’t
you see it?
behavior. If we start running red lights just because it’s safe
Jill: and
I seethere’s
it, butno…oneTim,
there’s
no us,
onewho
around,
there
isn’t
around
to see
knows
where
it
another
will
end. car in sight, and I’m sleepy, and it’s cold! I want to
get home.
Jill: Tim …
Tim: A red light is a red light. It isn’t just a question of safety,
Tim: First
quietlythat?
ignore a red light — the next thing you
don’t you
you know
know, you’re acting like an animal!
Jill: Of course I know it’s against the law to run a red light, but
Jill: Tim!
turned
green now.
Willhere!
you drive,
please?
thereThe
arelight’s
no police
anywhere
near
They’re
all home
asleep — and I’d like to be too.
Pre-reading Activities: Warm-up Questions
 Whose point of view is closer to your own?
 Are there situations when it’s okay to break
the rules? Are there rules it’s never okay to
break, even when you’re alone?
Intensive Study
• Intensive Study
• Difficult sentences
• Key words, phrases & usages
• Comprehension exercises
Intensive Study
Unwritten Rules
Bob Greene
1 The restaurant was almost full. A steady hum of conversation
hung over the room; people spoke with each other and worked on
their meals.
2 Suddenly, from a table near the center of the room, came a
screaming voice: “Damn it, Sylvia....”
Intensive Study
3 The man was shouting at the top of his voice. His face was red,
and he yelled at the woman sitting opposite him for about fifteen
seconds. In the crowded restaurant, it seemed like an hour. All other
conversations in the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man.
He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had
started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to
say in a tone the rest of us could not hear.
Intensive Study
4 It was startling precisely because it almost never happens; there
are no laws against such explosions, and with the pressures of our
modern world you would almost expect to run into such things on a
regular basis. But you don't; as a matter of fact, when I thought it
over I realized that it was the first time in my life I had witnessed
such a demonstration. During all the meals I've had in restaurants, I
had never seen a person start screaming at the top of his lungs.
Intensive Study
5 When you're eating among other people, you don't raise your
voice; it's just one example of the unwritten rules we live by. When
you consider it, you recognize that those rules probably govern our
lives on a more absolute basis than the ones you could find if you
looked in the law books. The customs that govern us are what make
a civilization. There would be chaos without them, and yet it's not at
all clear why — even in our disintegrating society — we obey them.
Intensive Study
6 How many times have you stopped at a red light late at night?
You can see in all directions; there's no one else around — no
headlights, no police cruiser idling behind you. You're tired and in a
hurry. But you wait for the light to change. Is it for safety's sake? No;
you can see that there would be no accident if you drove on. Is it to
avoid getting arrested? No; you are alone; there's no one to catch
you. Still, you sit and wait.
Intensive Study
7 At major athletic events, it is not uncommon to find 90,000 or
100,000 people sitting in the stands. On the playing field are two
dozen athletes — maybe fewer. There aren't enough security guards
on hand to keep all the spectators from getting out of their seats and
walking onto the field. But it never happens. Regardless of the
emotion of the contest, the spectators stay in their places, and the
athletes are safe in their part of the arena. The invisible barrier
always holds.
Intensive Study
8 In restaurants and coffee shops, people pay their bills. It's a
simple enough concept. Yet it would be remarkably easy to wander
away from a meal without paying at the end. Especially in these
difficult economic times, wouldn't you expect this to become a
common form of cheating? Why doesn't it happen more often? It's
just another unwritten rule of human conduct that people
automatically make good on their debts. They would no sooner walk
out on a bill than start screaming.
Intensive Study
9 I know a man who, when he parks his car at a parking meter,
always puts change in the meter even if there's time left on it. He
regards it as the right thing to do. He says he isn't doing it just to
extend the time remaining — even if there's sufficient time on the
meter to cover whatever task he has to perform at the location, he
pays his own way. He believes that you're supposed to purchase
your own time; the fellow before you purchased only his.
Intensive Study
10
There are so many rules like these — rules that we all
obey — that we think about them only when that rare person violates
them. In the restaurant, after the man had yelled “Damn it, Sylvia”
there was a tentative atmosphere among the other diners for half an
hour after it happened. They weren’t sure what disturbed them about
what they had witnessed; they knew, though, that it had violated
something very basic about the way we're supposed to behave. And
it bothered them — which in itself is a hopeful sign that, more often
than not, all is well.
(750 words)
hang over
— 1) remain in the air; be placed above or on top of (sth.
or sb.)
2) be likely to happen soon; surround (sth.) as with
fear, doubt, etc.
e.g.
• Smog used to hang over the city.
• They felt some kind of disaster was hanging over their
vacation.
Translate
An economic crisis is hanging over the country.
Key
经济危机笼罩着这个国家。
Translate into Chinese:
He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as
he had started, he lowered his voice and finished
whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us
could not hear.
他一定意识到了这一点,
用旁人听不到的声音
就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他突然又压低了嗓门
他一定意识到了这一点，因为就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他
突然又压低了嗓门，用旁人听不到的声音结束了他想说的话。
More to learn
He must have realized this, …
The must be pattern is used to give a guess or draw a
logical conclusion concerning a present event, while the
must have done pattern is used to give a guess or draw a
logical conclusion concerning a past event.
e.g.
• Judging from his looks, he must be over 50 now.
• Judging from his walking, he must have been a soldier
before.
More to do
Exercises • Structure
VIII. Respond to the sentences below with a must have
speculation about the cause. Use the words in parentheses
to formulate your sentences.
《读写教程 II》: Ex. VIII, p. 190
1. There are two policemen at the door asking about the
break-in. (father, report)
 Father must have reported it.
2. There’s blood on the kitchen floor. (mother, cut her finger)
 Mother must have cut her finger.
Exercises • Structure
VIII. Respond to the sentences below with a must have
speculation about the cause. Use the words in parentheses
to formulate your sentences.
3. It’s already 2 o’clock but Jane isn’t here. (forget about the
meeting.)
 She must have forgotten about the meeting.
4. We’ve driven two hours, but where is the beach? (take the
wrong road)
 We must have taken the wrong way.
Exercises • Structure
VIII. Respond to the sentences below with a must have
speculation about the cause. Use the words in parentheses
to formulate your sentences.
5. Jack looked tired this morning. (stay up late)
 He must have stayed up late.
precisely ad.
— 1) exactly; just
2) in an exact manner; carefully
e.g.
Precisely is used to emphasize that a particular thing is
completely true or correct.
• This is precisely why I want to see you.
• The train leaves at 10 o'clock precisely.
Drill
Make a sentence with precisely.
on a … basis
— (be done) in a … way; using a … method
e.g.
• The results of the experiment are checked on a daily
basis.
Paraphrase
These people donate their blood on a voluntary basis.
Key
These people give their blood out without asking for
payment.
witness
n.
— a person who sees an event take place and is
therefore able to describe it to others
e.g.
•
Other witnesses were called, and gave similar evidence.
Translate
一个证人声称曾见过那把枪。
Key
One witness claimed to have seen the gun.
More to learn
witness
v.
— see sth. happen
e.g.
•
He arrived home just in time to witness his brother
being taken away by the police.
Translate
The police are trying to find people who witnessed
the car accident.
Key
警方正试图找到目睹车祸的人。
demonstration
n.
— 1) the expression of a feeling
2) a public show of strong feeling or opinion, often
with marching, big signs
e.g.
• This love letter is a demonstration of her love to Charlie.
• The new tax proposal sparked a huge demonstration in
the city's main square.
Translate
There was series of demonstrations against the Prime
Minister's visit to the country.
Key
一连串的游行示威抗议首相对这个国家的访问.
at the top of (one’s) lungs
— as loud as possible
See also (Line 1, Para 3):
e.g.
The man was shouting at the top of his voice.
• The baby cried at the top of (his) lungs when he found his
mother had gone.
live by
— live according to; behave according to a particular set
of rules or ideas
e.g.
• He lives by a strict moral code.
• Honest labor is the principle we live by.
Translate
我总是努力按照我所信仰的去生活。
Key
I always try to live by what I believe in.
disintegrate v.
— 1) fall apart
2) (cause to) break into small parts or pieces
e.g.
Something such as a society or a relationship
•disintegrates
He watched his
parents'
marriage
when
it becomes
lessdisintegrate.
and less stable and
•collapses.
The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the Earth's
atmosphere.
Translate
这个盒子太旧了，我一把它捡起来就碎了。
Key
The box was so old that it disintegrated when I picked
it up.
athletic
a.
— 1) of or like an athlete
2) having to do with outdoor sports
e.g.
• He was admired for his athletic body.
• This college has a long tradition of athletic excellence.
on hand
— within reach; available; ready
e.g.
• John was embarrassed at the restaurant yesterday for he
had no money on hand to pay the bill.
Drill
Make a sentence with on hand.
make good
— pay what one owes; make up for
e.g.
• The policeman told the boy's parents that the boy must
make good the money he had stolen or go to jail.
• She promised that she would make good the loss.
Translate
The damage to your furniture will be made good by
our company.
Key
对于你的家具的损坏将由我们公司赔偿。
no sooner … than …
— 1) neither … nor
2) immediately after
e.g.
Cf.
• They
would
no sooner
no
sooner
sooner
or
later
said than
done send their senile mother to the
for the
aged
her stay
at ithome
alone.
—home
sth. will
eventually;
be immediately
in
thethan
end letdone
after
is suggested
• No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.
e.g.
• You’ll
Can you
be fix
sorry
thefor
phone?
your decision sooner or later.
Don’t worry — no sooner said than done.
More to learn
walk out on
— 1) stop doing sth. one has agreed to do or that one is
responsible for
2) leave suddenly, esp. in a time of trouble; desert
e.g.
• His wife walked out on him, and was later seen with
another man.
Translate
你不能不实施合同, 否则就上法庭。
Key
You can’t walk out on the contract, or you could be
taken to court.
Text-related information
Parking Meter
A parking meter is a coin-operated
device along the street curbs which
registers the purchase of parking
time for a motor vehicle parked
next to it. If the time on the meter is expired, a Notice of
Parking Violation (ticket) will be issued by traffic officers
who check the meters from time to time along the street.
cover
v.
— (of money) be enough for
e.g.
• A hundred yuan used to cover the monthly expenses of a
university student.
• The selling price barely covered the cost of the raw
materials.
Translate
The fee for the flight ticket covers the lunch and drink
aboard.
Key
机票（款）包含了机上的午餐和饮料。
pay one’s way
— pay for what one wants without having to depend on
anyone else
e.g.
• He paid his way by acting as a programmer for a big
computer company during the summer vacation.
• During the recession, he managed to pay his way by
doing odd jobs
violate
v.
— break or be contrary to (a rule, principle, treaty, etc.)
e.g.
• You've violated the terms of your contract.
• The arrest and detention of the protestors violated their
civil liberties.
Translate
所有对自然规律的违背都将以毁灭而告终。
Key
All the violation to the Natural Laws will result in
destroying.
tentative a.
— hesitant; unsure
A suggestion or action that is tentative is something said
or done in a careful but uncertain way because one is
not sure if he is right or not.
e.g.
• He gave a tentative smile.
• Our plans are still tentative.
more often than not
— quite frequently
Translate into Chinese:
And it bothered them — which in itself is a hopeful sign
that, more often than not, all is well.
是这些东西困扰着他们—其实这本身是个好兆头，它常常表
明情况还不坏。
Exercises
•
•
•
Comprehension
Vocabulary
Listening
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
1. How did the other people in the restaurant react when the
man started《读写教程
screaming? II》: Ex. II, p. 187
Key: They were stunned; all the other conversation in
the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
2. Why did the fifteen seconds seem “like an hour”?
Key: Because the man's behavior made everyone
very uncomfortable.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
3. What explanation does the author find for the fact that
people almost never start screaming in restaurants?
Key: He sees it as an “unwritten rule” of human
behavior.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
4. How important, according to the writer, are the customs that
govern us?
Key: He considers them more important than
formal laws.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
5. What does he mean by “our disintegrating society”?
Key: He must be referring to the many difficult
and confusing problems of modern society: stress,
crime, war, poverty, etc.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
6. Why does he say “it's not at all clear” why we obey the
unwritten rules of human conduct?
Key: Because we usually obey them even when
there's no one around, when it would be easy and
safe to break them, and when it would be to our
advantage to break them.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
7. The author presents four other illustrations to support his
general observation. What are they?
Key: Drivers stopping at a red light late at night;
spectators staying in their seats at sports events;
people paying their bills in restaurants and coffee
shops; and a man who puts money in the parking
meter even if there's no need to.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
8. In each of the four illustrations, what motivation is there for
people to break the unwritten rules?
Key: The drivers would get where they're going
faster (and save a little gas); the spectators would
experience the joy of expressing their emotions;
people in restaurants and the man with the
parking meter would save money.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
9. According to the author, what created the “tentative
atmosphere” in the restaurant following the man’s explosion?
Key: He says it was because of the fact that the
man's behavior had violated something very
basic about the way people are supposed to
behave.
Comprehension
A.
Answer the following questions:
10. What does the last sentence of the text mean?
Key: It means that in the author's view, the fact
that people are bothered when the “unwritten rules”
are broken is a positive force that helps keep society
decent and civilized.
Comprehension
B.
You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in
Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his
point. What questions do the following statements raise?
One question is suggested for the first statement as an
example for you to follow.
1. [T]here are no laws against such explosions …
Question:
Is it in fact true that there are no laws against screaming in
public places?
Comprehension
B.
You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in
Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his
point. What questions do the following statements raise?
One question is suggested for the first statement as an
example for you to follow.
2. [I]t’s not at all clear why — even in our disintegrating
society — we obey [the unwritten rules].
Questions:
Is it true that our society is disintegrating? Is it unclear why
people obey “the unwritten rules”?
Is it in fact true that most people obey them? If most people
obey them, then why our society is disintegrating?
Comprehension
B.
You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in
Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his
point. What questions do the following statements raise?
One question is suggested for the first statement as an
example for you to follow.
3. Regardless of the emotion of the contest, the spectators
stay in their places and the athletes are safe in their part
of arena.
Questions:
Is it true that there are never fights or riots at sports events?
Are “unwritten rules” the only thing that would prevent an
excited spectator from becoming violent? Are there in fact
no laws against violence at sports events, and no one to stop
or arrest anyone who becomes violent?
Comprehension
B.
You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in
Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his
point. What questions do the following statements raise?
One question is suggested for the first statement as an
example for you to follow.
4. It’s just another unwritten rule of human conduct that
people automatically make good on their debts.
Questions:
Is it in fact true that people automatically make good on
their debts? Are there no laws against leaving a restaurant
without paying?
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
 Ex. III
 Ex. IV
 Ex. V
Word Building
 Ex. VI
 Ex. VII
Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form
where necessary.
precisely
scream
violate
spectator
witness
custom
《读写教程
Ex. III,
p. 188
extend II》:
absolute
security
arrest
hopeful
explosion
1. We’re enjoying our holiday so much that we’ve decided
to _____ it for three more weeks.
 extend
2. No, I don’t want a flat next to a construction site. It’s
_____ because of all the noise at my old flat that I’m
looking for a new one.
 precisely
Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form
where necessary.
precisely
violate
spectator
witness
scream
extend
absolute
security
arrest
hopeful
explosion
custom
3. A woman who _____ the accident said that both cars
were going at high speed when they crashed.
 witnessed
4. It’s certain to end in war if either side _____ the treaty
again.
 violates
Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form
where necessary.
precisely
violate
spectator
witness
scream
extend
absolute
security
arrest
hopeful
explosion
custom
5. Mrs. Williams _____ with terror when she saw that the
man had a gun.
 screamed
6. The financial situation might get better, but it doesn’t
look very _____ right now.
 hopeful
Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form
where necessary.
precisely
violate
spectator
witness
scream
extend
absolute
security
arrest
hopeful
explosion
custom
7. We have _____ confidence in our newly elected leaders.
 absolute
8. For the _____ of the passengers, all hand baggage is
carefully checked.
 security
Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form
where necessary.
precisely
violate
spectator
witness
scream
extend
absolute
security
arrest
hopeful
explosion
custom
9. Tom was _____ last night for driving under the
influence of alcohol.
 arrested
10. The _____ cheered wildly when the team scored a goal
in the final seconds of the match.
 spectators
Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form
where necessary.
precisely
violate
spectator
witness
scream
extend
absolute
security
arrest
hopeful
explosion
custom
11. When visiting a foreign country, we must respect the
country’s _____.
 customs
12. People did not see the bomb dropping but they could
hear the _____ several miles away.
 explosion
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
《读写教程
II 》:
Ex. in
IV,the
p. classroom
188
1. An uneasy
atmosphere
was felt
as the
teacher returned our tests. (hang)
An uneasy atmosphere was hanging over the classroom as
the teacher returned our tests.
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
2. Very few of the laws that govern us are actually written
down. (live)
Very few of the laws that we live by are actually written
down.
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
3. The boss lost his his temper and was screaming at us very
loudly. (lungs)
The boss lost his temper and was screaming at us at the top
of his lungs.
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
4. Tim always keeps a certain amount of money available in
case of an emergency. (hand)
Tim always keeps a certain amount of money on hand in
case of an emergency.
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
5. It isn’t for the purpose of entertainment that I’m watching
TV; it’s my homework. (sake)
It isn’t for the sake of entertainment [or:for entertainment’s
sake] that I’m watching TV; it’s my homework.
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
6. Our company is doing very well; actually, we’ve doubled
our sales. (matter)
Our company is doing very well; as a matter of fact, we’ve
doubled our sales.
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
7.
When a man gets ahead in life, he usually owes his success
to a woman.(than not)
When a man gets ahead in life, more often than not he owes
his success to a woman.
Vocabulary
IV. Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or
phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other
necessary changes as well.
8. Most people consider being rude to a teacher as
unacceptable as kicking a dog. (no sooner)
Most people would no sooner be rude to a teacher than kick
a dog.
Vocabulary
V. Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student
has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A.
Rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible)
sentences. 《读写教程 II 》: Ex. V, p. 189
1. author rules laws considers more than The absolute
unwritten
The author considers unwritten rules more absolute
than law.
Vocabulary
V. Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student
has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A.
rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible)
sentences.
2. customs society We obey when even disintegrating is
We obey customs even when society is disintegrating.
Vocabulary
V. Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student
has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A.
rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible)
sentences.
3. people lights sake safety’s It stop for at that isn’t red
It isn’t for safety’s sake that people stop at red lights.
Vocabulary
V. Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student
has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A.
rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible)
sentences.
4. people debts He’s their make usually on that surprised
good
He’s surprised that people usually make good on their
debts.
Vocabulary
V. Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student
has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A.
rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible)
sentences.
5. guards hand security athletes are ensure There the the on
too to of few
There are too few guards on hand to ensure the
security of the athletes.
Vocabulary
V. Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student
has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A.
rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible)
sentences.
6. restaurant People bills walking be their out on for would
arrested
People would be arrested for walking out on their
restaurant bills.
Exercises • Word Building
《读写教程 II》: Ex. VI, p. 189
Exercises • Word Building
Suffix
-ty
to be added to:
adjectives
Example:
safe + -ty  safety
a.
n.
to mean:
the state or
quality of being
[adjective]
and to mean:
something which
is [adjective]
Exercises • Word Building
Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the
following adjectives.
cruel
 cruelty
novel
 novelty
entire
 entirety
royal
 royalty
subtle
 subtlety
loyal
 loyalty
special  specialty
certain  certainty
Exercises • Word Building
Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the
following adjectives.
1. In such difficult economic circumstances, it’s a _____ that
prices will go up again soon.
 certainty
2. In the 19th century there were more laws against _____ to
animals than there were to protect children’s rights.
 cruelty
Exercises • Word Building
Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the
following adjectives.
3. The internet is popular mainly because of its _____. Within
a few years, people will get bored with it.
 novelty
4. You can’t count on your employees’ devotion — workers
often show more _____.
 loyalty
Exercises • Word Building
Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the
following adjectives.
5. I recommend the duck at this restaurant — it’s one of their
_____.
 specialties
6. The 1990s were very difficult for British _____. When
Charles and Diana divorced, many people felt that the
monarchy (君主政体) was disintegrating.
 royalty
Exercises • Word Building
Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the
following adjectives.
7. I only meant to look at one article, but I ended up reading
the magazine in its _____.
 entirety
8. Your poem is full of clichés and obvious ideas; it completely
lacks _____.
 subtlety
Exercises • Word Building
《读写教程 II》: Ex. VII, p. 189
Exercises • Word Building
Suffix
-less
to be added to:
nouns
to form:
adjectives
to mean:
lacking [noun]
Exercises • Word Building
A.
Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed
above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with
each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you
form are syllabus words for you to learn.)
Set 1
worth

worthless
doubt
 doubtless
hope

hopeless
rest
 restless
Exercises • Word Building
Suffix
-ful
to be added to:
nouns
to form:
adjectives
to mean:
full of
[noun]
Exercises • Word Building
A.
Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed
above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with
each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you
form are syllabus words for you to learn.)
Set 2
doubt
 doubtful
skill

skillful
Exercises • Word Building
Suffix
-al
to be added to:
nouns
to form:
adjectives
to mean:
of/related
to [noun]
Exercises • Word Building
A.
Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed
above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with
each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you
form are syllabus words for you to learn.)
Set 3
accident  accidental
operation  operational
experiment
 experimental
Exercises • Word Building
Suffix
-ment
to be added to:
verbs
to form:
nouns
to mean:
the process or result
of [verb]ing
Exercises • Word Building
A.
Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed
above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with
each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you
form are syllabus words for you to learn.)
Set 4
announce  announcement arrange
 arrangement
engage
 engagement
establish  establishment
involve
 involvement
replace
 replacement
ship
 shipment
state
 statement
commit
 commitment
Exercises • Word Building
B.
Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in
the following sentences.
1. The new machines are not yet fully _____; they still need to
be adjusted.
 operational
2. When their first cultural translator retired, the company
had a hard time finding a _____ for him.
 replacement
Exercises • Word Building
B.
Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in
the following sentences.
3. After three days on the boat, I was quite bored and _____
and eager for any sort of fun.
 restless
4. Mother Teresa’s deep _____ to helping the poor was an
inspiration to millions.
 commitment
Exercises • Word Building
B.
Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in
the following sentences.
5. The police were suspicious at first, but finally declared the
young man’s death ______.
 accidental
6. After their bitter quarrel, Brian’s further _____ in
Edward’s project is highly ______.
 involvement; doubtful
Exercises • Word Building
B.
Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in
the following sentences.
7. The young couple are busy making all the _____ for their
wedding.
 arrangements
8. As anyone who collects stamps knows, even the most
valuable stamps can become quite ____ if they aren’t
handled properly.
 worthless
Exercises • Word Building
B.
Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in
the following sentences.
9. Translating is like any other art: The more you practice it,
the more _____ you become.
 skillful
Exercises • Listening
You’re going to hear the following text-related conversation.
The conversation printed in your textbook is not in the
correct order. As you listen to the first time, number the
speeches in the order in which you hear them. (The first two
have been numbered for you as examples.)
《听说教程 II》: Part 3.3, p. 113
Answer Questions
Exercises • Listening
Answer Questions
1. What does Susan think at first when she hears Marge?
At first Susan thinks that Marge is sick or hurt.
2.
Why does Marge want to “free her inner animal”?
To relieve stress and experience her emotions in a new
way.
Exercises • Listening
Answer Questions
3.
What makes Marge think Susan needs to try this therapy?
She thinks Susan is letting the rules of polite behavior
take over her personality.
4.
What are Susan’s reasons for not trying it?
It’s too embarrassing and strange, and she doesn’t feel
comfortable with it.
Exercises • Listening
Answer Questions
5. What’s Susan’s final request?
She wants Marge to stop howling.
Script
Exercises • Listening
Okay,
Aaaaooooouuu!
IStop
don’t
it!don’t
see anything
then!
Aaaaooooouuu!
It’swrong
your business.
with the rules of polite
behavior
Aaaaooooouuu!
— try
if we
Aaaaooooouuu!
didn’t like
have
them, civilization
Oh
come
on,
it!
You’ll
it.
Marge, what’s wrong, what hurts, lie down, shall
would
disintegrate!
We’d all
acting
like … like
Marge
I call
can’t!
It’s embarrassing.
It’sbetoo
strange.
a…
doctor?
animals!
Aaaaooooouuu!
Aaaaooooouuu!
So
what?
Just
because
it’s strange
doesn’t
mean
Oh!
Hi,
Susan,
I
didn’t
notice
you’d
come
home.
But
human
are stop
animals.
unhealthy
to
there’s
Marge!
something
Will beings
you please
wrong
with
that?!
it.It’s
You’re
I don’t
feel
in your
behave
artificially
all
the
time.
Ityou
creates
too
much
But
wrong?
You
were
You’re
into
ownwhat’s
comfortable
home,
no
with
one’s
you
watching,
doing
itmoaning!
either.
don’t
have
stress,
look at all the problems stress causes:
pain?!
behaveand
properly!
heart attacks, nervous breakdowns, wars,
10
Susan: INo,
know
don’t
havepractising
to, I just don’t
feel
5 Marge:
I’mIfine!
I was
a new
form of
murders,
suicides,
divorces!
All
because
of some
comfortable
it,
okay?
therapy
I learned
about
at the Women’s Health
silly “rules
ofwith
polite
behavior”.
11
Club
that’s
meeting
night.
whyThe
you
idea
needhowl
isthis
to free
kindan
your
of
14 Marge:
Susan: And
I don’t
care.precisely
I last
can’t
make
myself
like
inner
therapy,
animal.
SusanIt—
relieves
you’restress
letting
and
thehelps
rulesyou
of polite
animal.
experience
behavior
take
your
over
emotions
your personality.
in a new way. It’s great,
try it! Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu!
6115Susan:
12
Marge:
Susan:
Marge:
72 Marge:
Susan:
16
Susan:
8 Susan:
17
Marge:
93 Marge:
Marge:
13
18 Marge:
Susan:
4 Susan:
Assignment
1. Ex. IX. p. 190;
2. Ex. X.
p. 191;
3. Ex. XI. p. 191