Chapter 23
WHAT IS NATIONALISM?
The feeling of pride and devotion to
one’s country.
HOW NATIONALISM IMPACTS A NATION
There are pros and
cons to Nationalism…
I. When you DON’T have your own nation yet,
nationalism can:
Unite people: separate states with common
interests join together to form one new nation
[Italy & Germany]
Divide people: separate cultures within a
nation  split up to form several new, smaller
nations [Ottoman Empire]
Fuel a fight for Independence: a colony
fights to rid itself of its foreign oppressor
[Latin American Colonies]
II. When you DO have your own nation:
• Patriotism: having pride and loyalty for
your nation
• Ethnocentrism: leading to isolation, false
sense of superiority and/or aggressive
expansion
What are symbols of patriotism?
Unification of
Germany 1865
III. Examples of Nationalism
A. GERMANY
What happened from 1865-1871…
1. Congress of Vienna (meeting of European
powers after Napoleon’s defeat) aimed to…
- restore balance of power in Europe
- take away freedoms people had gained
- put royals back on their thrones
Restore the status quo
DURING NAPOLEON – 1790
AFTER CONGRESS OF VIENNA- 1815
2. This puts the French in charge of some
German states. French change several
laws which angers the German people.
3. This leads to the rise of nationalism in
Germany.
4. Two most powerful German states are:
Austria & Prussia
– Prussia takes the lead toward unification
– Prussian King = William I (only a figure head)
– King’s Chancellor = Otto von Bismark (really
in charge)
5. Bismark is known as the architect of
German unity
–
HIS PLAN is called “Blood and Iron”
•
•
Blood – War to take control of German speaking
states
Iron – use of German states resources of iron
and coal to build a powerful industrial country
– HIS POLICY is called “Realpolitik”
• politics based on the realistic needs of the
state
• “The ends justify the means.” = Do
whatever is necessary as long as the goal
(unification of Germany) is accomplished.
What Renaissance thinker did this idea come
from?
Niccolo Macchiavelli’s
The Prince
“…It is the destiny of the weak to be
devoured by the strong.”
~Otto von Bismark
What perspective that originated during the
Industrial Revolution does this quote reflect?
Social Darwinism
– He created a powerful Prussian army = in
pursuit of aggressive foreign policy
6. Three Wars and German Unification
Three Wars over the span of 10 years
a. Schleswig and Holstein (1864)
• Prussia and Austria attack Denmark for control
of these two German speaking states
• They win- Austria gets Holstein, Prussia gets
Schleswig
b. War with Austria (1866)
• Also called the Seven Weeks War
• Bismark provoked Austria to fight
• Prussia annexed Holstein and other
northern German states
• This allowed Prussia to remain
independent
c. Franco-Prussian War (1870)
• France fears Prussia’s growing power
• Bismark inspires nationalism b/c Prussians
still resents Napoleon’s occupation
• “Incidents” lead to war
• Prussian army crushes the French army
1866 - Kingdom of Prussia
1866 - Annexations after the
Seven Weeks War
1867 - Extensions towards
forming the North German
Confederation
1871 - More extensions
towards forming the Second
German Empire
7. Impact of a unified Germany
• Southern Germany states join newly
created Germany
• William I is named Kaiser (German
emperor) at Versailles in 1871
• Second Reich- name of the German
empire (1st Reich was the Holy Roman
Empire)
• Germany industrializes (power rivals
Britain)
• Bismark (a Lutheran) institutes
kulturkampf (“battle for civilization”)
laws that discriminated against
Catholics and other religions
B. Italy
1. Italy is
divided
into 12
small
states.
2. Why unite?
– Common language & traditions
– Ending economic barriers
more wealth
– Restore the glory of the Roman Empire
3. Important individuals who had an impact:
i.
Giuseppe Mazzini
• Organizes Young Italians- secret
nationalistic society
“Ideas grow quickly
when watered by the
blood of martyrs.”
ii. Count Camillo di Cavour
• Prime Minister of Sardinia under King Victor
Emmanuel II
• Sardinia allies with France to drive Austrians
out of Lombardy (a northern Italian state)
• In 1860, Parma, Modena and Tuscany join
with Sardinia, which unites northern Italy
iii. Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Led the Red Shirts (a volunteer army)
• Leads revolts in Sicily and in Papal
states with the help of Sardinia
4. Victor Emmanuel II becomes king of Italy
in 1861
5. Italy acquires Venetia in 1866
6. Rome becomes the official capital in
1870
Green
= Hope
White
= Faith
Red
= Charity
7. Problems after unification
• Catholic Church resents new gov’ts
ownership of papal lands
• Anarchists (people who want to abolish
all gov’t) and socialists create turmoil
• Italy slowly industrializes
• Pop. increase leads to emigration to U.S.,
Canada and Latin America