Civil Rights
I.
II.
(1954-1970s)
Intro
Phase I: 1954-63
A. Brown
• Earl Warren
B. Bus Boycott
• Rosa Parks
III. Phase II: 1963A. Black Power
B. Hispanics
C. AIM
D. Women
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Key Terms
Brown Decision
Thurgood Marshall
Martin L. King Jr.
Malcolm X
Cesar Chavez
George Mitchell
Dennis Banks
Betty Friedan
Roe vs. Wade
ERA
Focus on Civil Rights Leaders
• Goals
• Tactics to achieve goals
Plessy vs. Ferguson
(1896)
• Separate facilities for
different races were
legal as long as they
were equal in quality.
• “Separate but equal”
doctrine.
Railroads in Louisiana
were segregated by law
Jim Crow Laws
• State and local laws
that established
legalized
segregation all over
the United States.
Brown Decision
(Background)
• Brown was prohibited
from attending the school
near her home because
she was black.
Linda Brown & Family
Brown Decision
(Two important “players”)
Thurgood Marshall
Earl Warren
NAACP Attorney
who argued the case
Chief Justice of
Supreme Court
Brown Decision: Civil Rights Success
(1954)
The Decision:
•
The doctrine of
‘separate but equal’
has no place in
education.
•
Segregation in
schools was
prohibited.
Bus Boycott
(Montgomery, AL, 1955-56)
Rosa Parks
(1913-2005)
Rosa Parks’ Bus
Bus Boycott
(Montgomery, AL, 1955-56)
Goal:
• Complete integration
of blacks into US
society
Tactic:
• Non-violent protest
Martin L. King
(1928-1968)
Sit-in Movement
Greensboro, NC: Woolworth
lunch counter (1960)
Sit-in Jackson, MS 1963
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Non-Violent Protest
(Birmingham, AL, 1963)
Staging a “pray-in”
Fire-hoses were used
against protestors
Black Power
Goals:
• Complete separation of
whites & blacks
• Urged blacks to be proud
of African heritage
Tactic:
• Any means necessary
• Later: moved toward
integration but was
assassinated
Malcolm X
(1925-1965)
Hispanics
Cesar Chavez
(1927-1993)
Goal:
• Provide economic
opportunity to
Hispanics
Tactics (nonviolent):
• Create a union
• Urge consumers to
boycott products until
working conditions
improved
Native Americans
• Dennis Banks & George
Mitchell co-founded AIM
Goals:
• Publicize problems facing
Native Americans
• Reawaken interest in
Indian culture/heritage
Tactic:
• Use court system to
reassert treaty rights
Dennis Banks
(1937?- )
Women’s Rights
Goal:
• Independence &
equality for women
Tactics:
• Formed NOW
• Influence government
to legislate more
equality
Betty Friedan
(1921- 2006)
Women’s Rights
1. Equal Rights Amendment
• Would prohibit discrimination based on sex.
• It was never ratified by enough states.
2. Roe vs. Wade (1973)
Civil Rights
I.
II.
(1954-1970s)
Intro
Phase I: 1954-63
A. Brown
• Earl Warren
B. Bus Boycott
• Rosa Parks
III. Phase II: 1963A. Black Power
B. Hispanics
C. AIM
D. Women
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Key Terms
Brown Decision
Thurgood Marshall
Martin L. King Jr.
Malcolm X
Cesar Chavez
George Mitchell
Dennis Banks
Betty Friedan
Roe vs. Wade
ERA