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Microcosmology Atomn in Jain Philosophy & Modern Science (Folder
No. 700012)
Main Title
About the Book
Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Pronunciation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii
Abbreviations---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix
Contents
Chapter-1 – Atom in Modern Science ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1-66
Introductory ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-2
Section-1 – Ancient Development ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3-12
Atom in Greek Philosophy --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
The Atomists-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Western Science : Cartesian Division ------------------------------------------------------------ 9
Section-2 – Modern Science ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-22
A. – Mechanics and Electrodynamics ------------------------------------------------------ 13-26
Classical Physics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Discovery of Electromagnetic Phenomena ----------------------------------------------- 14
Electromagnetic Radiation – Light ---------------------------------------------------------- 15
B. Structure of Atom ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16-22
Planetary Model --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Bohr’s Theory of Atom------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Constituents of Atom--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Section-3 – New Physics --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-47
Dual Nature of Matter------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Quantum Physics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23
The New Atomic Model ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
Hesenbergs’ Uncretinty Principle ---------------------------------------------------------------- 27
Subatomic Level-The Heart of the Atom ------------------------------------------------------- 28
Forces Known in Nature --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
Particle Physics -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
High Energy Physics-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
Order beneath Chaos ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36
Characteristics of Subatomic Particles ---------------------------------------------------- 38, 39
Mass, Electric Charge, Spin ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Self-Interaction of Particles ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
Quantum Field Theory ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
Inherent Symmetries of Particle ----------------------------------------------------------------- 42
Unification of forces Found in Nature ----------------------------------------------------------- 45
Section-4 – Unification of Physics and Philosophy ------------------------------------------- 48-52
A. – Inherent Unity of Physical Reality ----------------------------------------------------- 48-49
E.P.R. Effect ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
Einstein vs. Bohr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
B. Towards Philosophy------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50-52
Limitation of Knowledge----------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
Bohm’s Physics --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
Section-5 – Application of Nuclear Transformations ----------------------------------------- 53-66
A. Nuclear Energy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53-59
Liberation of Energy---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
Atom in War -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Atom for Peace---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
B. Nuclear Transformation in Nature ------------------------------------------------------- 60-66
Origin of Universe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60
Evolution of a Star ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 62
Solar Processes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64
Chapter-2 – Atom in jain Philosophy --------------------------------------------------------------- 67-131
Introductory ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 67
Section-1 – Metaphysical View ------------------------------------------------------------------- 69-84
Idealism Vs. Realism ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
Realism of jains Deserves More Attention----------------------------------------------------- 70
Non-absolutist Character of Reality ------------------------------------------------------------- 70
Substance, Qualitieis, Modes--------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
Six Ultimate Substances --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
Dharmastikaya & Adharmastikaya -------------------------------------------------------------- 75
Akastikaya (Space) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76
Jivastikaya -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
(Union of) Soul and Body -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
Pudgalastikaya : Physical Existence (Matter and Engergy) ------------------------------- 79
Kala : Time -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
Six Universal Qualities ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80-84
(Eternal) Existence ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80
Casual Efficiency ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
Substancehood --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82
Objectivity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82
Extension in Space ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82
(Eternal) Persistence/Permanence --------------------------------------------------------- 83
Section-2 – Pudgala – Attributes ----------------------------------------------------------------- 85-93
A. Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85-87
Pudgala – Remarkably Meaningful Nomencalture-------------------------------------- 85
Characterization -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85
B. Pudgala – Characteristic Attributes ------------------------------------------------------ 87-88
Types of Characteristics Qualities ---------------------------------------------------------- 88
C. Other Important Attributes (Modes) ----------------------------------------------------- 88-93
Sound --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
Light and Darkness ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
Integration (Bandha) and Disintegration (Bheda) --------------------------------------- 91
Minuteness and Largeness ------------------------------------------------------------------ 92
Shape/Configuration --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93
Section-3 – General Properties of Pudgala -------------------------------------------------- 94-109
Pudgala is an Astikaya ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95
Pudgala is Physical, Not psychical order of existence -------------------------------------- 99
Pudgala possesses qualities of colour, taste, smell and touch --------------------------- 99
Pudgala is parinami i.e. subject to mutation -------------------------------------------------- 99
Modification ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101
Types of Modification -------------------------------------------------------------------------101
Motion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------102
Pudgala is fissionable and fusionable ---------------------------------------------------------104
Laws Controlling the process of Fusion --------------------------------------------------105
Pudgala is infinite (numerically) -----------------------------------------------------------------108
Pudgala interacts with and influences psychic order of existence ----------------------108
Section-4 – Pudgala-Classification------------------------------------------------------------ 110-119
A. Mono or Single Types -------------------------------------------------------------------------111
B. Two Types ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------111
C. Three Types -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------112
D. Four Types ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------113
E. Six Types -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------114
F. Five and / or Eight Types ---------------------------------------------------------------------115
G. Twenty-three types -----------------------------------------------------------------------------118
Section-5 – Paramanu-The Ultimate Indivisible Unit of Physical Existence --------- 120-131
A. Definitions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------120
B. Characteristic Attributes -----------------------------------------------------------------------121
C. Properties-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------124
D. Exposition ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125-131
Laws of Motion and Principle of Uncertainty --------------------------------------------129
Restricted and Non-restricted Motion of Paramanu -----------------------------------130
Chapter-3 – A Critique -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132-214
General Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------132
Problem of Language ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------134
Section-1 – Metaphysical View – Non-absolutism Law of Anekanta ------------------ 137-152
Introductory ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------137
A. What is Anekantavada ? ----------------------------------------------------------------------138
B. Experience Vs. Pure (a priori) Logic--------------------------------------------------------139
C. Mutation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------140
D. Triple Characteristics of Real ----------------------------------------------------------------142
E. Problem of Relation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------145
F. Jain view Compared with Western Philosophers and Scientists’ Views ----- 147-152
Motion, Space, Time, Ether (s) -------------------------------------------------------------150
Space-Time -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------152
Section-2 – Pudgala – Attributes -------------------------------------------------------------- 153-168
A. Pudgala – Definitions --------------------------------------------------------------------------153
B. Characteristic Qualities ------------------------------------------------------------------ 154-162
(i) Colour ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154-158
Raman’s Study of Colour ---------------------------------------------------------------156
Colour in Cosmological Studies -------------------------------------------------------157
(ii) Touch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158-163
Density and Extension -------------------------------------------------------------------160
Black Hole ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------161
Black Holes in Jain Astrophysics ------------------------------------------------------161
(iii) & (iv) Smell and Taste -------------------------------------------------------------------163
C. Some Other Important Qualities ------------------------------------------------------ 163-168
Sound --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------164
Light and Darkness ---------------------------------------------------------------------------164
Integration and Disintegration --------------------------------------------------------------167
Section-3 – General Properties of Pudgala ------------------------------------------------- 169-174
Paryaya -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------169
Parinama ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------171
Kriya-matter is Energy-----------------------------------------------------------------------------172
Section-4 – Classification ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 175-183
Intellect------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------181
Section-5 – Atomic Theory and Parmanuvada --------------------------------------------- 184-206
Historical Development of Atomic Theory ----------------------------------------------------184
Paramanu in Jain Physics ------------------------------------------------------------------------184
Scientific Version-Structure of Matter-Sub-atomic Particles-Quarks -------------------185
Parmanus – Indivisible Unit of Pudgala -------------------------------------------------------187
Suksma (Transcendental) Paramanu ---------------------------------------------------------188
Qualities and Modes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------189
Colour -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------191
Touch--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------191
Mechanics and Mathematics of Paramanu and Subatomic Particle -------------------194
Universal Constants -------------------------------------------------------------------------------194
Motion of Paramanu -------------------------------------------------------------------------------196
Rules of Motion of Paramanu--------------------------------------------------------------------198
Super-Luminal Speeds ----------------------------------------------------------------------------200
Jumping without Passing through Space- Aphusmana gati ------------------------------201
Synthesis of Paramanus into Composite Bodies -------------------------------------------202
Duality of Paramanu -------------------------------------------------------------------------------204
Section-6 – Basic Unity of Physics and Philosophy --------------------------------------- 207-214
A. Reality and Experience ------------------------------------------------------------------ 207-210
Knowledge through Physics ----------------------------------------------------------------207
Knowledge through Supervision -----------------------------------------------------------207
Direct Apprehension of Reality -------------------------------------------------------------208
B. Unity and Plurality in Physics ---------------------------------------------------------- 210-214
The Problem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------210
Inherent Unity of the Whole -----------------------------------------------------------------210
Unity and Multiplicity in the Jain Philosophy --------------------------------------------212
Both are Equally Real ------------------------------------------------------------------------213
A Word of Caution to Modern Physicists -------------------------------------------------214
Appendix : Atomic Table ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 215-217
Table of Particles --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 218-219
Glossary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 220-224
Indices ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 225-242
A. Subject Index ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 225-232
B. Index of Sanskrit/Prakrit Words ------------------------------------------------------------ 232-241
C. Name Index ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 241-242
Bibliography --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 243-246