Pollak Library Citation Workshop:
To be covered in this workshop
1. Why it is important to cite sources and avoid plagiarism?
2. The types of citation styles.
3. Parts of a citation
4. How to properly cite books using the style guide
required by your professor or department.
5. How to properly cite articles using the style guide
required by your professor or department
6. Mechanics of citing information inside the paper
7. Introduction to RefWorks
What is plagiarism and why is it important to
cite sources and avoid plagiarism?
"Plagiarism is defined as the act of taking the specific
substance of another and offering it as one's own without
giving credit to the sources. When sources are used,
acknowledgement of the original author or source must
be made following scholarly practice." Cal State
Fullerton Catalog 05-07 p. 558.
• Student Guide to Avoiding Plagiarism
Sandra Rhoten, Associate Dean Judicial Affairs
http://fdc.fullerton.edu/learning/Academic%20Integrity/student_guide_to_avoidi
ng_plagia.htm
The types of citation styles.
APA: The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th
ed. (2001) is the authority
used by writers in the social sciences and some natural sciences.
MLA: The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed. (1999) is the
authority used by
writers in many disciplines in the humanities.
Chicago: The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. is the authority used by
writers in many disciplines
in the humanities and social sciences.
Turabian: A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by
Kate L. Turabian (This is a simpler version of The Chicago Manual of Style.)
Others:
Anthropology: American Anthropological Assocation Style Guide
Biology: Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, (REF T11 .S386 1996)
Chemistry: ACS Style Guide (American Chemical Society) REF QD8.5 A25 1997
Geography: Annals of the Assocation of American Geographers Stylesheet
Law: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation REF KF245.B58 16th ed
Linguistics: Language Style Sheet
Medicine: American Medical Association Manual of Style REF R119 .A533 1998
Physics: API Style Manual (American Institute of Physics)REF R119 .A533 1998
EXAMPLES OF A CITATION FOR A BOOK:
APA Format
Adams, A. (1985). Ansel Adams, an autobiography.
Brown.
Boston: Little,
MLA Format
Adams, Ansel, Ansel Adams, an Autobiography. Boston : Little,
Brown, 1985.
Chicago/Turabian Format
Adams, Ansel. Ansel Adams: An Autobiography. Boston: Little Brown
and Company. 1985.
EXAMPLES OF A CITATION FOR A JOURNAL
ARTICLE:
APA Format
Spaulding, J. (1996). Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art,
commerce and western tourism. Pacific Historical Review
65, 616-625.
MLA Format
Spaulding, Jonathan “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art,
Commerce and Western Tourism.” Pacific Historical
Review 65 (Nov 1996): 616-625.
Chicago/Turabian Format
Spaulding, Jonathan. “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art,
Commerce and Western Tourism.” Pacific Historical
Review 65 (Nov 1996): 616.
3. Parts of a citation:
• The information needed for a book citation is:
Author
Title
Publisher
Place of Publication
Date
• Information needed for an article citation:
Author
Title of the article
Name of the journal
Issue information
(can be month, year, volume, issue, pages)
Instructions for “hands-on”
portion of the workshop:
• Open Word (or use the back of the
yellow sheet)
• Using the your required style guide
handout, write out the following sample
citations.
Sample Book
Developing Study Skill, Taking
Notes and Tests, Using
Dictionaries and Libraries.
Marcia J Coman and Kathy L.
Heavers, NTC Publishing
Group, Lincolnwood, Illinois,
1998
•
The information needed for a book
citation is:
Author
Title
Publisher
Place of Publication
Date
Sample book citation (the answer)
• APA Format
Coman, M. J. & Heavers, K. L. (1998). Developing study skills,
taking notes and tests, using dictionaries and libraries. 2nd Ed.
Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group.
•
MLA Format
Coman, Marcia J. and Kathy L. Heavers. Developing Study Skills,
Taking Notes and Tests, Using Dictionaries and Libraries.
Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group, 1998.
•
Chicago/Turabian Format
Coman, Marcia J. and Kathy L. Heavers. Developing Study Skills,
Taking Notes and Tests, Using Dictionaries and Libraries.
Lincolnwood: NTC Publishing Group, 1998.
Sample journal article
Journal of Higher Education Social
Class and College Costs:
Examining the Financial Nexus
Between College Choice and
Persistence by Michael B.
Paulsen and Edward P. St. John
March/April 2002, vol 73 issue #2
•
Information needed for an
article citation:
Author
title of the article
name of the journal
issue information
(can be month, year,
volume, issue, pages)
Sample journal article citation
(the answer)
APA Format
Paulsen, M. B. & St. John, E. P. (2002). Social class and college
costs: Examining the financial nexus between college choice
and persistence. The Journal of Higher Education, 73(2), 189236.
MLA Format
Paulsen, Michael B. and Edward P. St. John. “Social class and
college costs: Examining the financial nexus between college
choice and persistence.” The Journal of Higher Education,
73 (2002): 189-236.
Chicago/Turabian Format
Paulsen, Michael B. and Edward P. St. John. “Social class and
college costs: Examining the financial nexus between college
choice and persistence.” The Journal of Higher Education,
73, no.2 (2002): 189-236.
Citing an online article
Court Restricts Free Speech for College Students. By Donna Euban Academe; Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 91
Issue 5, p11-12, 2p
Abstract:This article reports on the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court for the Seventh District on the
case Hosty v. Carter involving the restriction of free speech for college students in 2005. In the
case, editors of the student newspaper The Innovator challenged the actions of Patricia Carter, a
dean at Governors State University in Illinois, after she informed the newspaper printer that she
had to approve the publication's content before production.
A U.S. Supreme Court case that restricted high school students' First Amendment protections applies to student newspapers at
colleges as well as at elementary and secondary schools, ruled the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in June in Hosty v.
Carter. By extending to higher education the results of the earlier case (Hazelwood District v. Kuhlmeier), the appeals court's decision
significantly curtails the constitutional protection afforded the extracurricular speech of college and university students at public
institutions. In Hosty v. Carter, editors of the student newspaper The Innovator challenged the actions of Patricia Carter, a dean at
Governors State University in Illinois, after she informed the newspaper printer that she had to approve the publication's content before
production. The students argued that the dean's action violated their First Amendment rights. In 2003, a unanimous three-judge panel
agreed with the students, saying that "while Hazelwood teaches that younger students in a high-school setting must endure First
Amendment restrictions, we see nothing in that case that should be interpreted to change the general view favoring broad First
Amendment rights for students at the university level.“ In reversing the panel decision, a majority of the full appeals court reasoned that
the analysis of such cases should depend not on whether the speech is curricular or extracurricular, but on whether the student
publication is a public forum. Nevertheless, the majority held that Hazelwood applies to college and university newspapers. In so
reasoning, the court raised the chilling specter that college and university administrations may censor college student extracurricular
and curricular speech. The court opined that "academic freedom includes the authority of the university to manage an academic
community … free from interference by other units of government.“ The four-judge dissent in Hosty asserted that the majority failed to
distinguish properly between secondary and postsecondary students: "There are two reasons why the law treats high school students
differently than it treats college students. … High school students are less mature and the missions of the respective institutions are
different. These differences make it clear that Hazelwood does not apply is prepared to weigh in as an amicus, contending that
Hazelwood should not apply to college and university student speech…………..
http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=6&hid=108&sid=35935026-52a8-4096-bbbc-e4d260fd949a%40sessionmgr103
Citing an Online Article (the answer)
APA Format
Euban, D. (2005). Court restricts free speech for college students.
Academe, 91, 189-236. Retrieved July 15, 2007, from Academic
Search Premier database.
MLA Format
Euban, Donna. “Court Restricts Free Speech for College Students.”
Academe. 91(2005): 189-236. Academic Search Elite.
EBSCO. California State University Fullerton, Pollak Library. July
2007 <http://search.epet.com/>.
Chicago/Turabian
Euban, Donna. Court Restricts Free Speech for College Students.
Academe, 91, no. 2 (2005):189-236
http://search.epnet.com/direct/asp?an=9878006&=afh (accessed July
15, 2007).
Citing information inside the paper using APA style
Random paragraph within a paper, written in APA style
Ansel Adams was a prominent environmentalist and a board member of the Sierra Club
from 1934 until 1972. During these years, he worked alongside David Brower to promote the
cause of wilderness protection and the protection of the environment. (Cohen, 1998) Adams
transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry
photography. His first extensive high Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro and carrying
a thirty-pound pack of photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing
Yosemite. It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of
the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness
experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work. (Adams, 1985) The fine art
images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future
backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams’ photographs were grandiose
interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan
Spaulding, “portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature…linked in a
harmonious web of nature.” (Spauding 1996, p. 620)
Small piece of bibliography, written in APA format
Adams, A, (1985). Ansel Adams, an autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown.
Cohen, M.P. (1998) The history of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. San Francisco:
Sierra Club Books.
Spaulding, J (1996) Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, commerce and western
tourism. Pacific Historical Review 65, 616-625.
Citing within a paper using MLA Format
Random paragraph within a paper, written in MLA style
Ansel Adams was a prominent environmentalist and a board member of the Sierra Club
from 1934 until 1972. During these years, he worked alongside David Brower to promote the
cause of wilderness protection and the protection of the environment. Cohen
(89) Adams transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of
backcountry photography. His first extensive high Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro
and carrying a thirty-pound pack of photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer
photographing Yosemite. It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an
assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved
the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work. Adams (140) The
fine art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging
future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams’ photographs were
grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan
Spaulding, “portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature…linked in a
harmonious web of nature.” Spaulding (620)
Piece of a bibliography written in MLA format*
Adams, Ansel, Ansel Adams, an Autobiography. Boston : Little, Brown, 1985.
Cohen, Michael P. The History of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. San Francisco: Sierra
Club Books, 1998.
Spaulding, Jonathan “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western
Tourism.” Pacific Historical Review 65 (Nov 1996): 616-625.
Citing within a paper using Chicago/Turabian Format
Random Paragraph on a paper, Chicago/Turbian Style
Ansel Adams was a prominent environmentalist and a board member of the Sierra Club from 1934
until 1972. During these years, he worked alongside David Brower to promote the cause of wilderness
protection and the protection of the environment. At the same time, Adams had transformed his love of
wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first extensive high
Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro and carrying a thirty-pound pack of photographic
equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite.(1) It was a vocation that would continue for
years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary
backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic
work.(2) The fine art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in
encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams’ photographs were
grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan
Spaulding, “portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature…linked in a harmonious
web of nature.” (3) Yosemite National Park was one of his favorite locations and the source of some of his
best-known pictures. The popularity of his photographs did much to increase the appeal of visiting the
Park. (4)
Piece of a bibliography, written in Chicago/Turabian Style
(1) Ansel Adams, Ansel Adams: An Autobiography (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1985), 59-60.
(2) Ibid., 140-142.
(3) Jonathan Spaulding, “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western Tourism.” Pacific
Historical Review. v.65 n.4 (Nov 1996): 616.
(4) Jonathan Spaulding, 630.
Introducing RefWorks
What RefWorks can do for you:
•
•
•
•
Online storage of your citation, with SFX links
Can be arranged in folders by your subjects
RefWorks will produce a bibliography in the correct format
Write-N-Cite, a plug-in used to insert citations into your paper
For more Information, click on What is RefWorks
•
•
•
(found on the Library Home Page)
Leads to information on setting up an account
Tutorial on using this source
Where to get help