“Intro to Science”
A. What is science?
1. Science is the process of observing and
studying everything in the natural world.
B. Why do we study science?
1. To solve Earth’s mysteries and problems.
C.There are three major branches of science:
1. Life Science
a.) Plants, animals, and all living things.
2. Physical Science
a). Chemistry & Physics
3. Earth & Space Science
a.) Earth’s surface, weather, ocean, and
space.
D. The four major branches of Earth & Space
Science:
1. Geology
- The study of Earth’s origin, history &
structure.
2. Meteorology
- The study of Earth’s atmosphere,
weather, & climate.
3. Oceanography
- The study of Earth’s oceans.
4. Astronomy
- The study of the position, composition,
size and other characteristics of
everything outside of Earth’s
atmosphere.
“The Scientific Method”
A. What is the scientific method?
1. The scientific method is a systematic
approach to solving scientific problems.
B. Terms you need to know when using the
scientific method.
1. Hypothesis- A proposed solution to a problem.
2. Theory- A logical explanation for an event
that occurs in nature.
3. Law- A theory that is accepted as fact
over many tests.
4. Variable- The factor being tested in an
experiment.
5. Control- An experiment run without a
variable.
The Steps of the scientific
method!
1. Identify or state the problem.
2. Gather information on the problem.
3. Form a hypothesis.
4. Run the test or experiment.
5. Record & analyze your data.
6. State your conclusion.
7. Repeat your experiment if necessary.
100
80
60
East
40
West
20
North
0
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
“The Metric System”
A. Why do we need to learn the metric system?
1. So scientists can communicate with each
other.
2. One universal language.
B. The metric system is a decimal system.
1. Our money system is an example of a
decimal system.
“Types of Metric Measurements”
A. Length- How long or wide something is.
1. The meter (m) is used to measure length
when using the metric system.
2. How do you use the prefixes?
a.) 1000m = ________1________km
b.) 100m = ________1________hm
c.) 10m = ________1________dam
d.) .1m = ________1________dm
e.) .01m = ________1________cm
f.) .001m = ________1________mm
B. Mass- The measure of the amount of matter in an object.
1. The gram (g) is used to measure mass when
using the metric system.
2. How do you use the prefixes?
a.) 1000g = ________1________kg
b.) 100g = ________1________hg
c.) 10g = ________1________dag
d.) .1g = ________1________dg
e.) .01g = ________1________cg
f.) .001g = ________1________mg
C. Volume- is the amount of space an object takes up.
1. The liter, or cubic centimeter, (l or cm3) is
used to measure volume when using the metric
system.
2. Volume can be found three different ways,
depending on what type of substance you are
measuring.
a.) For solid square objects you multiply the
length x the width x the height of the object.
b.) For liquids use a graduated cylinder.
c.) For solid non-square objects use water
displacement.
3. How do you use the prefixes?
a.) The same as the other measurements!
D. Density- is the amount of mass in the space a specific
object takes up.
1. Grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) or
grams per milliliter (g/ml) is used when
measuring density in the metric system.
2. Density is measured by using the following
formula:
mass
Density = _______________
volume
OR
g
D
= _______________
cm3 or ml
E. Temperature- how hot or cold a substance is.
1. Temperature can be measured three
different ways.
2. When using the metric system temperature
is measured in degrees Celsius.
a.) The boiling point = 100 degrees C
b.) The freezing point = 0 degrees C
3. When using the standard system
temperature is measured in degrees Fahrenheit.
a.) The boiling point = 212 degrees F
b.) The freezing point = 32 degrees F
4. When using the Kelvin system temperature
is measured in Kelvin’s
a.) The boiling point = 373 degrees K
b.) The freezing point = 273 degrees K
Metric
SI
Kelvin
10
50
400
9
45
380
8
40
360
7
35
340
6
30
320
5
25
300
4
20
280
3
15
260
2
10
240
1
5
220
0
0
200