The Civil Rights
Era
NAACP:
National
Association for the
Advancement of
Colored
People
Plessy v.
Ferguson
Separate
but equal
1896
Thurgood
Marshall:
Chief
lawyer for
the
NAACP
Brown v. Board
of Education
Began
integration in
the schools
Little Rock, Arkansas…1957
The Little Rock Nine
Little Rock governor Orval
Faubus opposed integration
President
Eisenhower...
Sent hundreds
of soldiers to
patrol the
school grounds
and protect the
students.
When did Rosa Park refuse
to give up her seat on the
bus?
December 1, 1955
(lasted 1 year)
Boycott: A refusal
to use-the city’s
buses
75% of riders were
AfricanAmerican
Vocabulary
 boycott – the refusal to use city buses
 segregation – the separation of
people of different races.
 integration – the bringing of races
together in public schools
 civil disobedience – the refusal to
obey laws that are considered unjust
He followed tactics of:
A. Phillip Randolph and
Gandhi
(nonviolent protest)
Who assassinated him?
James Earl Ray in Memphis
Famous speech: I have a dream…
***He became the leader of the civil
rights movement.
SCLC
Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
started by King and 60
ministers – non violent protest
Mohandas
Gandhi…..
He used nonviolent protest
to help India gain
independence from Great
Britain.
civil disobedience:
The refusal to obey the
ways that are considered
unjust.
Richard
Nixon
Section 2
John
Kennedy
35th
president
U.S. Navy –WW II
U.S. Senator 1946/Mass.
Wrote Profiles in Courage
(about difficult decisions
made by past U.S. senators)
First Catholic
President of
the U.S.
New Frontier
Republican
Vice President
under Eisenhower
Participated with
Kennedy in 1st
televised debates
(He looked sickly)
Nixon – 49.5% Kennedy 49.7%
Kennedy more electorial votes
303/219
Kennedy – 49.7%
Nixon – 49.5%
Social programs
More money for education
Help poor people get jobs
Help African Americans fight
for civil rights
November 22, 1963
Dallas, Texas
Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald killed by Jack Ruby
Kennedy’s Vice President:
Lyndon Johnson
22 years in
Congress
“Great Society”
W
A
R
O
N
P
O
V
E
R
T
Y
Head Start
Upward Bound -
Job Corps
VISTA - Volunteers in
Service
to
America
Preschool
education
Helped
poor kids
attend
college
Training
to young
people
who want
work
HUD
Helped fund
public
housing
projects
Department of Housing
and Urban
Development
Civil Rights
Act of 1964
Prohibited discrimination
against African Americans in
employment, voting, and public
accommodations.
Medicare: helped pay for medical
care for senior citizens
Medicaid: helped poor people pay
hospital bills and people with
disabilities
Section 3
The Struggle
Continues
Sit Ins: The act of protesting
by sitting down
S
N
C
C
tudent
onviolent
oordination
ommittee
A group of African Americans and white
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) left
D.C. bound for New Orleans called
themselves…..
FREEDOM RIDERS
Interstate buses- buses that
crossed state lines
Robert Kennedy,
U.S. attorney general
……
Called for a “cooling
off period”
“We have been cooling off
for 350 years . If we cool
off any more, we will be a
deep freeze.”
James Meredith
st
1
African
American to
enroll at the
University of
Mississippi
Gov. George Wallace at
the University of Alabama
The Children’s March happened
in Birmingham, Alabama.
Dr. King and the SCLC chose B’ham for the
desegregation protest. President Kennedy sent
3,000 troops to restore peace. He presented new
legislation giving all Americans…..
 Right to be served in public places
 Barring discrimination in employment
March on Washington, D.C.
200,000 people / Dr. King
President Johnson: Civil Rights Act of 1964
which ended segregation in…..
restrooms, stores, restaurants, theaters, and
hotels
Selma march
to
Montgomery
in 1964
President Johnson
signed the…..
Voting Rights Act
of 1965
Malcolm X: a leader in the Nation of Islam (or Black
Muslims), emerged as a new voice for African
Americans.
First belief – blacks should separate themselves from
whites..
Later believed – “A society in which there could exist
white-black brotherhood.”
They brought tensions between African
Americans/police…..frustrated with poverty
and unemployment
Assassinated…
April 4, 1968
By…
James Earl Ray
In…
Memphis, TN
Group packet work for section 4