To be able to define psychoanalysis ,
psychodynamic and humanistic therapy.
 To be able distinguish the difference between
psychodynamic, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis.
 To be able to identify and define the concept
essential Psychodynamic and Humanistic therapies.
 To provide information regarding the application of
the Psychodynamic and Humanistic Psychotherapy.
 To enumerate some of the different Psychodynamic
and Psychotherapy approaches

 Traditional psychoanalysis stresses the role of
unconscious conflict stemming from early
childhood relationships and psychological
defenses against anxiety in therapy.
 In developing psychoanalysis,
Freud became
the founder of psychotherapy, one on one
treatment involving frank discussion of client’s
thoughts and feelings.
 Freud described mental life as a occurring partly
at the level of conscious awareness; partly at a
preconscious level, which we can become aware o
f by shifting our attention; and partly at an
unconscious level which we cannot experience
without the use special therapy techniques.
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Projection
Splitting
Dissociation
Regression
Identification
Displacement
Intellectualization
Reaction formation
Suppression
Sublimation
Humor
Denial
 Denial- denying the existence of external threat
or traumatic event.
 Projection- involves attributing a disturbing
impulse to someone else.
 Splitting - compartmentalizing experiences of
the self and others so that contradictions in
behavior, thought, or affect are not recognized.
 Dissociation - disrupting one sense of continuity
in the areas of identity, memory, consciousness
or perception.
 Regression – returning to an earlier phase of
development or functioning.
 Identification – internalizing the qualities of
another person by becoming like him or her.
 Displacement – shifting feelings associated with
one idea, object or person to another.
 Intellectualization – using excessive and abstract
ideation to avoid difficult feelings.
 Reaction formation – transforming an
unacceptable impulse into its opposite.
 Suppression – Consciously deciding not to
attend to a particular feeling, state or impulse.
 Humor – finding the comic and or ironic elements
in difficult situations.
 Sublimation – transforming socially or internally
unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable
expression.
 It is common, and even expected, for
the client to experience feelings for the
psychotherapist that are called a
transference reaction; these feelings
are really no different than common
“love” or hate.
 Can be considered the reverse of
transference.
 The term describes the psychotherapist’s
unconsciously activated reactions to the
client.
 If the counter-transference gets too intense
the psychotherapist might have to end the
treatment and refer the client to someone
else, for the client’s own protection.
In psychoanalysis, slips of the tongue and other
unexpected verbal associations are presumed to be
psychologically meaningful, as are mental images,
failures of memory and a variety of other
experiences.
 If a client suddenly remember something that’s seems
trivial or unrelated to the topic of discussions during
the therapy session, the therapist assume that there
is a reason this material “popped into” the clients
head.

Freud defined resistance as “whatever
interrupts the progress of analytic
work,” such as being late, missing a session,
“holding back” your thoughts in the moment
(i.e., refusing to speak about them) or
avoiding a particular issue.
 Intellectual and emotional insight into
the underlying causes of the client’s
problems
 Working through or fully exploring the
implications of those insights, and
 Strengthening the ego’s control over
the id and the superego.
 Assessment in psychoanalysis is an ongoing
process that occurs over multiple sessions. The
following would be especially important for
psychoanalytic treatment of clients.
 Historical data such as family and developmental
history
 Mental status, level of distress, ego strengths
and deficits, and “psychological mindedness” and
 Defense mechanisms, themes, or patterns of
attachment difficulties in interpersonal
relationships.
The client should say anything that comes to mind
without editing or censorship.
 Clients’ current problems are revealed only
gradually and indirectly in the form of memories,
feelings, wishes, and impressions arising through
free association.
 It is the therapist’s task to try to make of these
emerging bits and pieces, some of which seem
unrelated and even irrelevant.
During therapy sessions, traditional
psychoanalysts maintain an “analytic
incognito” revealing little about themselves
during the course of psychotherapy.
 The therapist’s likes and dislikes, problems,
hopes, and, so on, remain unknown to the
client.
 The therapists remain opaque, much like
a
blank movie screen, so that clients can be free
to project onto the therapist the attributes
and motives that are unconsciously
associated with parents and other important
people in their lives.
 The therapist may also explore with the
client, and perhaps interpret, the motives
behind the client’s desire to know more about
the therapist.
 Is not coldly analytical and unresponsive.
Should understand the importance of
creating emotional safety in the therapeutic
relationship, and so they are frequently
emphatic and reflective in their comments.
The client’s description of a
dream reveals its manifest
content or obvious features.
Manifest content often contains
features associated with the
dreamer’s recent activities.

 When the patient-therapist
relationship creates a miniature version
of the causes of the client’s problems, it
is called transference neurosis and
becomes the central focus of analytic
work
Client behaviors that interfere with
the analytic process are
considered signs of resistance
against achieving insight.
 Through questions and comments about the
client’s behavior, free associations, dreams,
and the like, the analyst guides the process
of self exploration. Thus, if the client shows
resistance but also offers an interpretation
of what is going on.
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Emphasize conscious awareness rather than
unconscious conflict
Stress the need for the therapist to seek to
understand the experiential worlds of their clients
and to communicate that understanding to clients as
a way of creating a therapeutic atmosphere and the
therapeutic relationship
Stress the importance of clients focusing on their
immediate, here-and-now experiences
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The goal of the humanistic therapy became to set up
the conditions that would enable patients to choose
to help themselves, rather than to require a doctor to
administer interventions.
Humanistic psychotherapists view humans as creative,
growthful beings who, if all goes well, could
consciously guide their own behavior towards their
fullest potential.
When behavior disorders arise, they are usually seen
as stemming from disturbances in awareness or
restrictions on existence.
Gestalt therapy
 Existential therapy
 Focusing-oriented psychotherapy

1.
humanistic therapists assume that their
clients’ lives can be understood only from
the viewpoint of those clients.
2.
many humanistic therapists view human
beings as naturally good people able to make
their own choices and determine their own
destinies
3.
humanistic therapists view the therapeutic
relationship as the primary vehicle by which
therapy achieves its benefits
4.
many humanistic therapists emphasize the
importance of experiencing and exploring
emotions that are confusing or painful
Ψ
developed by Carl Rogers
Ψ
also called Client-centered therapy/ nondirective
counseling
Ψ
began to take shape after Rogers’ discovery of Otto
Rank’s treatment approach: “client…is a moving cause,
containing constructive forces within, which
constitute a will to health…the therapist as a human
being who is the remedy, not his technical skill…”
Ψ
therapy as an “if…then” proposition: If the correct
circumstances are created by the therapist, then the
client—driven by an innate potential for growth—will
spontaneously improve.

Phenomenology – teaches that behavior is totally
determined by the phenomenal field of the person

Phenomenal field – everything experienced by the
person at any given point in time

Phenomenological theory : the basic human urge is to
preserve and enhance the phenomenal self

Self – represents the experiences the person
recognizes as “me”; includes values, images,
memories, behavior patterns and especially current
experiences
- real self and ideal self
- awareness of one’s being and functioning


Self-actualization – refers to the tendency of all
human beings to move forward, grow, and reach
their fullest potential.
Members of the client-centered movement rely
heavily on self-reports as the premiere source of
information rather than on inferences from test
data/ related observations
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
Children’s self-concept, as they grow, develop not
in isolation but in the context of relationships with
other’s especially parents
Unconditional positive Regard – ideal situation in
which parents are successful at communicating
their acceptance (if not approval) of all of the
child’s behavior and experiences.

Conditions of Worth – when parents communicate
disapproval or rejection of some of the child’s
behaviors and experiences, the child may
experience love as conditional

the child comes to believe that acceptance
depends on thinking and acting in certain ways

the ideal self is not immediately experienced as
“me” but as what the child believes he/she should
be

the discrepancy between the real self and
ideal self

the conditions of worth force people to
distort their real feelings or experiences

person-centered therapists do not set treatment
goals for their clients instead, clients are free to
select their own goals

key aim: to make clients more authentically aware
of their moment-to-moment experiences



the therapist cares about the client, accepts
the client, and trusts the client’s ability to
change
nonpossessive caring: ideal form of
unconditional positive regard; genuine
positive feelings are expressed in a way that
makes the clients feel valued but still free to
be themselves
the therapist’s willingness to listen is an
important manifestation


Rogerian therapists (patient, warm and interested in
what the client has to say) do not interrupt the
client or change the subject or give other signs that
they would rather be doing something else
Unconditional aspect: therapist’s willingness to
accept clients as they are without judging them
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
Therapist must separate the client’s worth as a
person from the worth of the client’s behavior
Positive component: therapist’s trust in the client’s
potential for growth and problem solving

The therapist must try to see the world as the client
sees it

External frame of reference: therapist’s observation of

Reflection : serves the purposes of (a) communicating
the client from the outside and applying their values or
psychological theories to what the client says
the therapist’s desire for understanding & (b) making
clients more aware of their own feelings
: involves distilling and playing back the clients feelings
: consists of paraphrasing and/or summarizing what a
client has just said
Some Therapist Thoughts that Reflect
Internal vs. External Frames of Reference
External
Internal
I wonder if I should get him
started talking.
You’re wanting to struggle
toward normality, aren’t you?
Is this inability to get
underway a type of
dependence?
It’s really herd for you to get
started.
Why this indecisiveness? What
could be its cause?
Decision making just seems
impossible for you.
What is meant by this focus
on marriage & family?
You want marriage, but it
doesn’t seem to you to be
much of a possibility.
The crying, the “dam,”
You feel yourself brimming
sounds as though there must over w/ childish feelings.
be a great deal of regression.
He’s a veteran. Could he
To you, the Army
have been a psychiatric case? represented stagnation.
I feel sorry for anybody who
spent 4 ½ years in the
service.
What is this interest in
children? Identification?
Vague homosexuality?
Being very nice to children
somehow has a meaning for
you; but it was—and is—a
disturbing experience for
you.


The therapist’s feelings and actions should be
congruent/ consistent with one another
Refers to the therapist's openness and
genuineness—the willingness to relate to clients
without hiding behind a professional facade.
Therapy sessions are usually scheduled once a week. More
frequent sessions, extra sessions, and phone calls are
discouraged since these can lead to dependency.
7 Stages that the Client Undergoes
1.
unwillingness to reveal self; own feelings not
recognized; rigid constructs; close relationships
perceived as dangerous
2. feelings sometimes described but person is still
remote from own personal experience
3.
still externalizes heavily but begins to show some
recognition that problems and conflicts exist
4. free description of personal feelings as owned by the
self; dim recognition that long-denied feelings may
break into the present; loosening of personal
constructs; some expression of self-responsibility;
begins to risk relating to others on a feeling basis
5. free expression of feelings and acceptance of them;
previously denied feelings, although fearsome, are
clearly in awareness; recognition of conflicts between
intellect and emotions; acceptance of personal
responsibility for problems; a desire to be what one is
6. acceptance of feelings w/o need for denial; a vivid,
releasing sense of experience; willingness to risk
being oneself in relationships w/ others; trusts
others to be accepting
7. individual now comfortable w/ experiencing self;
experiences new feelings; little incongruency; ability
to check validity of experience
Rogers argued that as clients experience
empathy, unconditional positive regard, and
congruence in a therapeutic relationship, they
become more self-aware and self-accepting, more
comfortable & less defensive in interpersonal
relationships, less rigid in thinking, more reliant on
self-evaluation than on evaluation of others and
better able to function in a wide variety of roles.
A person-centered therapist would not
be inclined to seek personal/ family history,
neither to assign a DSM diagnosis. More
important to the therapist is the client’s
internal perspective
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Provide an atmosphere in which the client can
explore his thoughts and feelings about things
that trouble him
Being nondirective—does not suggest topics,
guide conversation or interpret the behavior;
instead listens emphatically, responds reflectively
and models genuineness in his own behavior
toward the client
Congruence : therapist should recognize in
themselves their genuine & persistent feelings
toward their clients & that they may express
those feelings to the clients in an appropriate
way.


Irrational behavior is often rational from the
client’s perspective & so the therapist seeks to
expand the client’s perspective rather than
change the client’s behavior.
Mobilizing the client’s critical intelligence :
Bohart’s term for the client’s growing interest in
exploring his internal perspective

The process of person-centered therapy is
designed to develop a greater sense of self-trust.
Gestalt Therapy
Gestalt therapy is a complex
psychological system that stresses the
development of client self-awareness and
personal responsibility.
Frederick (Fritz) Perls
was the figure who was most closely identified with
the development of the Gestalt therapy. It is the bestknown humanistic treatment.
 with
family, at work, school, friends). The focus
of therapy is more on what is happening (the
moment-to-moment process) than what is being
discussed (th Central to the Gestalt therapy is
the conceptualization of the person as an
organized whole, not as disjointed collection of
emotion, cognitions, and behaviors.
 The goal of Gestalt therapy is to raise clients'
awareness regarding how they function in their
environment e content).
Awareness
is being alert to what are the most
important events in clients' lives and their
environment with full sensorimotor, emotional,
cognitive, and energy support.
Support
is defined as anything that makes contact with
or withdrawal from with the environment possible.
 Gestalt
therapist seeks to reestablish clients’
stalled growth process by helping them (a) become
aware of feelings they have disowned but that are
a genuine part of them, and (b) recognize feelings
and values they think are genuine part of
themselves but in fact are borrowed from other
people.

Gestalt therapists are much more dramatic
than in the person-centered treatment.
Focus
on the here and now
Therapeutic progress is made by keeping the
client in contact with their feelings as they occur
in the here and now.
The concept of the here and now is what is
being done, thought, and felt at the moment, and
not in the past or the future.
 Role
–Playing (Gestalt game)
Through role playing or part-taking, clients
explore inner conflicts and experience the
symptoms, interpersonal games, and psychological
defenses they have developed to keep those
conflicts and various other aspects of their selves
out of the awareness. By asking clients to
“become” their resistance to change.
chair technique- therapists encourage clients
to talk to the imagined to be seated in a nearby
chair.
 Unmailed letter technique- clients would write but
do not send a letter in which they express
important but previously unspoken feelings.
 Empty
 Frustrating
the client
Another way of self exploration which helps
the clients gives up their maladaptive interpersonal
roles and games.
 hot
seat- done during an individual or group
therapy, a Gestalt therapist would focus on the
manipulative aspect of the statement, which seems
to contain the message.
 Nonverbal cues/ behavior
Gestalt therapists pay attention to what clients’
say and what they do, because the nonverbal channel
contradicts the client’s words
 The rules






Communication is in the present tense (looking backward or
forward is discouraged.)
Communication be between equals (one talks with, not at).
The participants use “I” language rather than “it” language
(to encourage acceptance of responsibility).
The clients continually focus on immediate experience.
There is no gossip (talking about someone rather than to
him).
Questions are discouraged.
 Moral aspects
Rules for patients to live by:



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




Live now.
Live here.
Stop imagining
Stop unnecessary thinking
Express directly- do not explain, judge, or manipulate.
Be aware of both the pleasant and the unpleasant.
Reject all “should” and “ought” that are not your own.
Take complete responsibility for your actions, thoughts, and
feelings.
Surrender to being what you really are.
 Existential Psychotherapies
This therapy helps clients to explore fully what it
means to be alive. It also stresses the immense
freedom that human beings have to make sense of
their lives.
It tries to understand the client’s inner world,
frames of reference, and a flow of experiences. They
do not try to formulate diagnoses or objective
descriptions instead existential humanistic therapists
stress freedom, experiential reflection, and
responsibility.
 The
goal of therapy. The ultimate goal of the
existential psychotherapy is to help the individual reach
a point at which awareness and decision making can be
expected responsibly
Logotherapy- one of the most widely known
forms of existential therapy. A technique that
encourages the client to find meaning in what
appears to be a callous, uncaring, and meaningless
world.
Postmodern Humanistic Approaches
This
therapy
share
much
with
the
psychodynamic
postmodern
and
relational
approaches and with existential approaches. The
emphasis in the therapy is on helping clients “reauthor their life narratives or experiment with new
constructions of the self and relationship that afford
more hopeful possibilities for the future”.
 was
developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud
suggested that psychological processes are
flows of psychological energy in a complex
brain, establishing "psychodynamics" on the
basis of psychological energy, which he
referred to as libido.
 The psychodynamic psychotherapy is a less
intensive form compared to classical
psychoanalysis practiced by strict Freudians,
demanding sessions only once weekly instead
of 3-5 times weekly which was typical for
traditional psychoanalysts.

interaction of
emotional forces:
the interaction of
the emotional and
motivational
forces that affect
behavior and
mental states,
especially on a
subconscious level

inner forces
affecting behavior:
the study of the
emotional and
motivational
forces that affect
behavior and
states of mind;
Psychodynamics was initially developed
by Ernst von Brücke, Sigmund Freud,
Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Melanie
Klein. By the mid 1940s and into the
1950s, the general application of the
"psychodynamic theory" had been well
established.
 In
his 1988 book Introduction to
Psychodynamics - a New Synthesis,
psychologist Mardi J. Horowitz states that his
own interest and fascination with
psychodynamics began during the 1950s,
when he heard Ralph Greenson, a popular
local psychoanalyst who spoke to the public
on topics such as “People who Hate”, speak
on the radio at UCLA. In his radio discussion,
according to Horowitz, he “vividly described
neurotic behavior and unconscious mental
processes and linked psychodynamics theory
directly to everyday life.”

In the 1950s, American psychiatrist Eric Berne
built on Freud's psychodynamic model,
particularly that of the "ego states", to develop a
psychology of human interactions called
transactional analysis which, according to
physician James R. Allen, is a "cognitive
behavioral approach to treatment and that it is a
very effective way of dealing with internal
models of self and others as well as other
psychodynamic issues."[12] The theory was
popularized in the 1964 book Games People Play,
a book that sold five million copies, giving way
to such catch phrases as “Boy, has he got your
number!”.

Freud greatly admired Brücke and quickly
became indoctrinated by this new dynamic
physiology. Thanks to Freud’s singular genius, he
was to discover some twenty years later that the
laws of dynamics could be applied to man’s
personality as well as to his body. When he made
his discovery Freud proceeded to create a
dynamic psychology. A dynamic psychology is
one that studies the transformations and
exchanges of energy within the personality. This
was Freud’s greatest achievement, and one of
the greatest achievements in modern science, It
is certainly a crucial event in the history of
psychology.
contributions in psychodynamic psychology
include:
 The psyche tends toward wholeness.
 The self is composed of the ego, the personal
unconscious, the collective unconscious.[15] The
collective unconscious contains the archetypes
which manifest in ways particular to each
individual.
 Archetypes are composed of dynamic tensions
and arise spontaneously in the individual and
collective psyche. Archetypes are autonomous
energies common to the human species. They
give the psyche its dynamic properties and help
organize it. Their effects can be seen in many
forms and across cultures.





The Transcendent Function: The emergence of the
third resolves the split between dynamic polar
tensions within the archetypal structure.
The recognition of the spiritual dimension of the
human psyche.
The role of images which spontaneously arise in the
human psyche (images include the interconnection
between affect, images, and instinct) to
communicate the dynamic processes taking place in
the personal and collective unconscious, images
which can be used to help the ego move in the
direction of psychic wholeness.
Recognition of the multiplicity of psyche and psychic
life, that there are several organizing principles
within the psyche, and that they are at times in
conflict.

In positive psychology, the psychodynamic
conception of flow is defined as a conscious
state of mind in harmonious order. In simple
terms, it is a state in which people are so
involved in an activity that nothing else seems to
matter; the experience itself is so enjoyable that
people will do it even at great costs, for the
sake of doing it. In other words, in positive
psychology, flow is a state of mental activity or
operation in which the person is fully immersed
in what he or she is doing, characterized by
energized focus, full involvement, and success in
the process of the activity.

The concept of flow in relation to mental
contentment was developed by American psychologist
Mihály Csíkszentmihályi who, beginning in the 1970s,
interviewed and studied hundreds of successful
people, such as musicians, athletes, artists, chess
masters, and surgeons. In his studies, he made people
wear “flow timers” in which at various randomized
times during their workday a timer would go off and
they document their flow state on paper. Among his
many books on this subject, the pinnacle publication
was the 1990 book Flow – the Psychology of Optimal
Experience, which introduced the world to the
psychological concept of flow and optimal
experience. In this book, he states that “our
perceptions about our lives are the outcome of many
forces that shape our experience, each having an
impact on whether we feel good or bad.”
* Anna O a patient of Dr. Joseph Breuer (Freud's
mentor and friend) from 1800 to 1882 suffered
from hysteria.
 * In 1895 Breuer and his assistant, Sigmund
Freud, wrote a book, Studies on Hysteria. In it
they explained their theory: Every hysteria is the
result of a traumatic experience, one that
cannot be integrated into the person's
understanding of the world.
 * By 1896 Freud had found the key to his own
system, naming it psychoanalysis. In it he had
replaced hypnosis with "free association."




* In 1900 Freud published his first major work, The
Interpretation of Dreams, which established the
importance of psychoanalytical movement.
* In 1902 Freud founded the Psychological Wednesday
Society, later transformed into the Vienna
Psychoanalytic Society. As the organization grew,
Freud established an inner circle of devoted
followers, the so-called "Committee" (including
Sàndor Ferenczi, and Hanns Sachs (standing) Otto
Rank, Karl Abraham, Max Eitingon, and Ernest Jones).
* Freud and his colleagues came to Massachusetts in
1909 to lecture on their new methods of
understanding mental illness. Those in attendance
included some of the country's most important
intellectual figures, such as William James, Franz
Boas, and Adolf Meyer.



* In the years following the visit to the United States,
the International Psychoanalytic Association was
founded. Freud designated Carl Jung as his successor
to lead the Association, and chapters were created in
major cities in Europe and elsewhere. Regular
meetings or congresses were held to discuss the
theory, therapy, and cultural applications of the new
discipline.
* Jung's study on schizophrenia, The Psychology of
Dementia Praecox, led him into collaboration with
Sigmund Freud.
* Jung's close collaboration with Freud lasted until
1913. Jung had become increasingly critical of Freud's
exclusively sexual definition of libido and incest. The
publication of Jung's Wandlungen und Symbole der
Libido (known in English as The Psychology of the
Unconscious) ted to a final break.
*
Following his emergence from this period of
crisis, Jung developed his own theories
systematically under the name of Analytical
Psychology. Jung's concepts of the
collective unconscious and of the
archetypes led him to explore religion in the
East and West, myths, alchemy, and later
flying saucers.
 * Anna Freud (Freud's daughter) became a
major force in British psychology, specializing
in the application of psychoanalysis to
children. Among her best known works is The
Ego and the Mechanism of Defense (1936)






Collective Unconscious
(Jung)
Psychosexual
Development (Freud)
Unconscious Mind
(Freud)
Tripartite Personality
Defence Mechanisms
(Freud)
Psychosocial
Development (Erikson)
Key features
Case Studies (Little
Hans)
 Dream Analysis
 Free Association
 Projective Tests (TAT,
Rorschach)
 Slips of the Tongue
(parapraxes)
 Hypnosis

Methodology





The major causes of behavior
have their origin in the
unconscious
Psychic determinism: all
behavior has a cause/reason
Behavior is motivated by
instinctual drives (eros &
thanatos)
Different parts of the
unconscious mind are in
constant struggle
Our behavior and feelings as
adults (including psychological
problems) are rooted in our
childhood experiences






Basic Assumptions
Gender Role
Development
Therapy
(Psychoanalysis)
Attachment (Bowlby)
Moral Development
(super-ego)
Aggression
(Displacement /
Thanatos)
Personality (Erikson,
Freud)
Areas of Application







Made the Case Study
method popular in
psychology
Defense Mechanisms
Free association
Projective Tests (TAT,
Rorschach)
Highlighted the
importance of Childhood
Highlighted the
importance of the
unconscious mind
Dream analysis
Strengths
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Case Studies - Subjective /
Cannot generalize results
Unscientific (lacks empirical
support)
Too Deterministic (little freewill)
Biased Sample (e.g. middle
aged women from Vienna)
Ignores Mediational Processes
(e.g. thinking, memory)
Rejects Free will (e.g.
Humanism believe free will
exists)
Unfalsifiable (difficult to prove
wrong)
Weaknesses
 Psychodynamic
therapy assumes that these
defenses have gone wrong and are causing
more harm than good, that is why you have
needed to seek help. It tries to unravel
them, as once again, it is assumed that once
you are aware of what is really going on in
your mind the feelings will not be as painful.
 Understanding
and anticipating the range of
specific conscious and unconscious responses
to specific sensory inputs, as images, colors,
textures, sounds, etc.
 Utilizing the communicative nature of
movement and primal physiological gestures
to affect and study specific mind-body
states.
 Examining the capacity for the mind and
senses to directly affect physiological
response and biological change.
*Why does psychotherapy take so long?
There are essentially two reasons. In the practical
sense, even 12 sessions of treatment might seem
like a long time, especially when compared to a
15-minute office visit with a physician. Yet these
12 sessions are really about equivalent to a
weekend workshop in which you learn a new
skill. For that matter, a full year of weekly
psychotherapy is about equivalent to an
intensive 10-day seminar. So remember that
whatever you are learning—whether it is to get
an education, to acquire new job skills, or to
overcome depression or anxiety—the process
takes hard work, commitment, and a
considerable investment of time and money.
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 In
the psychological sense, many individuals
have a reluctance to speak about their deep
and private inner experiences. Most likely,
some of your private thoughts—the most dark
and ugly ones—are so shameful and
frightening that you would not reveal them
to anyone, not even your own
psychotherapist. Is it any wonder, then, that
psychotherapy can take a really, really long
time?
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*The greatest hindrance to free association—and
to the progress of psychotherapy itself—is the
childhood experience of having to guard the
things you say and do so as to avoid getting
criticized by a demanding parent. When this
defense continues into adulthood, it not only
obstructs your capacity for honest and intimate
interpersonal communication, but it also causes
you to feel afraid of saying anything
spontaneously in psychotherapy. Not knowing
what is hidden in your unconscious, you will feel
terrified that anything you say might be more
revealing of the truth than you would like.
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The gentle client-centered Rogerians
pioneered that now clichéd phrase, "how do
you feel about that".
It stresses the role of the unconscious conflict
stemming from early childhood relationship is
called what?
 What does id, ego and super ego formed when
they’re together?
 The idea that memories, impressions, or
experiences that occur together with the client’s
mind are necessary related and not random is
called?
 A phenomenon where a client unconsciously
brings a maladaptive pattern of relating into the
therapy is called?
 The term describes the psychotherapist’s
unconsciously activated reactions to the client is
called?
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 Who
developed psychoanalysis?
 Give at least one of the main goals of
psychoanalysis.
 It is when the client should say everything
that comes to their mind without editing or
censorship?
 What does the client description of a dream
reveals?
 When the patient-therapist relationship
creates a miniature version of the cause of
the client’s problem, it is called?
 This
psychotherapy approach view humans as
creative, growthful beings who, if all goes
well can consciously guide there own
behavior towards their fullest potential?
 This humanistic approach was originally
called client-centered therapy?
 It is ideal situation where parents are
successful at communicating their
acceptance of all the child’s behavior and
experiences?
 The
discrepancy between the real self and
the ideal self?
 This involves distilling & “playing back” the
client’s feeling?
 A kind of technique in gestalt therapy in
which therapist encourage client’s to “talk”
to someone they imagined to be seated in a
nearby chair?
 A kind of therapy that helps the client to
explore fully what it means to be alive?
 The
founder of gestalt therapy
 A technique in which client clarify and
release feelings towards significant people in
their lives through unsent letters?
 This therapy emphasized on the present
experience and on the immediate awareness
of emotions and actions?
 He initially develop the psychodynamics?
 He was the American psychiatrist that built
on Freuds Psychodynamic model, particularly
“ego states”?
 He
was a young Swiss psychiatrist had been
following Freud’s writing
 The other term for psychodynamics
 She begun to apply Freud’s Psychodynamic
theories of the “ ego” to study of parentchild attachment ad especially deprivation
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Psychoanalysis
Structural model of the mind
Psychic determinism
Transference
Counter transference
Sigmund Freud
Strengthen the ego, intellectual & emotional insight,
working through implications
Free Association
Manifest content
Transference neurosis
Humanistic psychotherapy
Person centered psychotherapy
Unconditional positive regard
Incongruence
15.Reflection
16.Empty chair technique
17.Existential psychotherapies
18.Federick Perls/ Laura Perls
19.Unmailed letter technique
20.Gestalt therapy
21.Ernest von Brucke
22.Eric Berne
23.Carl Jung
24.Dynamic Psychology
25.Anna Freud
 KATIPUNAN,
Denisse
 BULANTE, Rose Jelynn
 PARANAL, Jun Alexis
 VILLOCILLO, Jaquelyn
 GUIANG, Krystal Luna
 Submitted
to:
 Dr. Ryan B. Corońa