Goal Seven:
The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914) - The learner
will analyze the economic, political, and social reforms of the Progressive
Period.
Objectives
7.01 Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.
7.02 Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and
political gains in the Progressive Period.
2006
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Chapter 17: Progressive
Movement
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Progressivism
Put the next 3 on the progressive
organizer chart
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Religious Groups
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Radicals
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Press
(ok, now you can write in your notes)
Robert Lafollette
Direct Primary
Utilities
Suffrage
Theodore Roosevelt (1901-09)
Square Deal
1902 Anthracite Coal strike
Curb Trusts
Northern Securities Company, 1902
Northern Securities v. US, 1904
1903 Elkins Act
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2006
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
Conservation
TR’s contributions
William H. Taft (1909-1913)
Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909
Mann-Elkins Act, 1910
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
American Tobacco v. US, 1911
Progressive Party
1912 Election
Woodrow Wilson
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New Freedom
Underwood Tariff
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Federal Reserve System, 1913
Clayton Act, 1914
Civil rights
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Progressivism
Greatest reform movement since
abolition
Wanted govt. to correct the social and
economic problems
Middle class movement
2006
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The ROOTS
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2006
Progressive roots
are in the
Populists and
Grangers
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Religious Groups
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2006
Social Gospel
Movement
YMCA
Salvation Army
Religious groups
respond to needs of
society
The Temperance
Movement gained
momentum
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2006
Carrie A. Nation
Leader in the
Temperance Movement
6 feet tall and weighing
180 pounds
When she pleaded her
case to the court she
said, "Kansas has a
prohibition law making
saloons illegal.
Therefore my acts were
not illegal."
Husband died from
drinking
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2006
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Radicals
Socialists
Eugene V. Debs
Ran for President 5 times as a
socialist
2006
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The Press and
Muckrakers
Investigative
journalists
 Showing the
problems with
society
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2006
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Upton Sinclair
Wrote The
Jungle (1906)
 Showed
problems with
meat packing
industry
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2006
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Ida M. Tarbell
History of
Standard Oil
(1902)
 Problems with
monopolies
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2006
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Lincoln Steffens
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2006
Wrote The Shame of
Cities (1904)
Describes the corrupt
deals of big city
politics
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Jacob Riis
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2006
Photojournalist muckraker
Showed problems of the poor
in cities; urban slums
Wrote How the Other Half
Lives (1890)
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2006
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State Reformers
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Robert M. LaFollette
Progressive Governor
of Wisconsin; reformer
Nickname was Fightin’
Bob
Used many Populist
ideas in government
Direct primary
2006
more power to voters
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Utilities
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2006
Progressives called
for government
ownership of utilities
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Suffrage
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2006
Women’s movement to get
the right to vote
Susan B. Anthony among
the leaders
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, etc.
They petitioned at the local,
state and federal level
Went to court eventually
Minor v. Happersett, 1875
Women were citizens
That didn’t give them the
right to vote
If you can keep the right to
vote from the mentally
insane then you can keep it
from women
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2006
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Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
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Republican who
became President after
McKinley was
assassinated
McKinley was killed by
Leon Czolgoz
(anarchist)
Inspired by the killing of
the King of Italy
Doctors flushed
McKinley’s system
McKinley died
2006
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2006
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Square Deal
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TR’s platform
Protect the little
people from big
business
2006
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1902 Anthracite Coal Strike
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2006
One of TR’s
first acts was
to end a coal
strike in
Pennsylvania,
1902
President can
end strikes to
protect the
American
people
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Curb Trusts
TR didn’t think all trusts were bad
He wanted to keep the good ones and get
rid of the bad ones
He also gave more power to the Sherman
Anti-trust Act
2006
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2006
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Northern Securities Company,
1902
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TR’s first big victory
against trusts
It was a holding
company owned by
JP Morgan
Tried to gain a
monopoly in the
northwest railroads
TR attacked it and it
was upheld by the
courts
Other trusts were
declared
unconstitutional
2006
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Northern Securities v. US, 1904
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Upheld Roosevelt’s actions in breaking up
the railroad monopoly
Led to more attacks against trusts
2006
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Also broke up Standard Oil
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Standard Oil
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Esso Eastern States Standard Oil (Exxon)
Mobil
Amoco-American Oil Company (BP)
Chevron
Sunoco
Conoco
2006
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Trustbuster: TR’s Nickname
2006
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TR gave more power to the Interstate
Commerce Act and attacked the Railroads
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1903- Elkins Act: illegal to give rebates
or change rates without notification;
railroads
1906-Hepburn Act: set maximum rates for
railroads
2006
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MEAT
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After Sinclair’s book……what
was is called?
Pure Food and Drug Act,
1906: list ingredients and
change food processing
techniques
Meat Inspection Act
Many times coal was used to
change color and
formaldehyde used for
preservation
2006
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2006
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Mary had a little lamb, And
when she saw it sicken
She shipped it off to
Packingtown, And now it is
labeled chicken
2006
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2006
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Conservation
TR considered conservation the most
important problem in the US
Set up wildlife sanctuaries, national
parks, etc.
148 million acres; same size of
Germany
2006
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No Third Term
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2006
TR made a promise
not to run for a third
term
This made him a lame
duck president
Lost some of his power
“The power of a king
wains if they know he
will be dead in 4 years”
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1906: TR pushed for
the introduction of the
forward pass
2006
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TR’s Contributions
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2006
Expanded power of
the executive
branch
Shaped the
Progressive
movement
Precursor to New
Deal
Power of the US
Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School
TR
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Boxer
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Hunter
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Went to Africa to big
game hunt
Fighter
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2006
Injured eye (partially
blind)
Fought in the war
with Spain
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2006
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William H. Taft (1909-1913)
TR promised not to run
for a third term
(handpicked Taft)
 Taft was Republican
Defeated William J. Bryan
 Attacked all trusts
Sold some of the land set
aside by TR
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2006
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2006
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Payne-Aldrich Tariff,
1909
Taft had promised to lower
tariffs, but he raised tariffs
Angered Progressives
2006
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Mann-Elkins Act, 1910
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More control over
railroads and telegraph
companies (trusts)
under the Interstate
Commerce
Commission
2006
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16th Amendment
National income tax
2006
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17th Amendment
Direct election of Senators
2006
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Types of Bills
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Initiative-bill written by citizens presented to
their elected member who introduces the bill into
the General Assembly
Referendum-”Refer” to the people to vote
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Elected officials do not want to vote because
possibility of negative public response
Recall- Voters will be able to vote to remove
public officials
American Tobacco v. US, 1911
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Founded by JB Duke
Broke the tobacco trust into several
companies
Taft was President
Broken into other companies
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American Tobacco Company
R. J. Reynolds
Liggett & Meyers Tobacco Company
2006
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2006
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TR Returns
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TR didn’t like what
Taft was doing and
decided to run for
President
Progressive Party
Bull Moose Party
Third Party of TR’s
2006
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2006
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"It Takes More Than That to Kill
a Bull Moose"
TR was shot in an assassination attempt by
John Schrank, who had been having
disturbing dreams about TR's predecessor,
William McKinley and also thought that
no president should serve more than two
terms.
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Schrank spent the rest of his life in a
mental institution.
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I saw President McKinley sit up in his
coffin pointing at a man in monk's attire in
whom I recognized Theodore Roosevelt.
The dead president said, "This is my
murderer, avenge my death."
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2006
Schrank had stalked TR for thousands of
miles before getting a clear shot at him in
Milwaukee. Schrank was caught on the
spot
Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School
1912 Election
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In the 1912 election, the
Republican party split
their votes between Taft
and TR, allowing Wilson
(Dem) to win
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TR got more votes than
Taft, but the Democrats
won
2006
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2006
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Woodrow Wilson (1913-1920)
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2006
Democrat
Progressive
First Democrat since
Cleveland and Johnson
Wilson also believed in a
strong executive branch
like TR
TR, Taft and Wilson were
all Progressive
Presidents
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New Freedom
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Wilson’s platform
Attacks the Triple Wall of Privilege
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The Three T’s
Tariffs
Trusts
Banking
2006
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Tariffs
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Underwood Tariff
Lowers tariffs
Lowest since the Civil
War
Where would the
money lost from the
high tariffs be made
up?
2006
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Wilson would pass other
Amendments
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18th Amendment
Prohibition
19th Amendment
Woman’s suffrage
2006
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2006
Federal Reserve
Bank System, 1913
divided the nation into
12 districts with
federal reserve banks
More control of the
money supply
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Attacking trusts
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Federal Trade
Commission, 1914
investigate unfair
business practices
Clayton Act, 1914
unions have a right
to exist and strikes
were legal
2006
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Civil Rights
Progressives did little to aid Civil Rights
2006
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Who were the three
Progressive Presidents?
Teddy
Roosevelt
William H. Taft
Woodrow Wilson
2006
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