Opening Activity 9/8
• Use your book to define the
following vocabulary….
• Reconstruction:
Is an event remembered for how it happened
or how it was recorded?
Reconstruction & Westward Expansion
Outcome: Reconstruction
Think, Pair, Share
• Is an event remembered for how it happened
or how it was recorded?
The Civil War
The Civil War
Reconstruction
2. What is Reconstruction?
a. Reconstruction is the period during which the United
States began to rebuild after the Civil War roughly
1865-1877
b.
Essentially, reconstruction was the attempt to readmit the Confederate states
back into the Union
c. Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress all had
different ideas about how Reconstruction should be
handled
d.
President Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office and was
impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act but remained in office after the
Senate voted not to convict
e.
Impeachment: the process of accusing a public official of wrongdoing
Reconstruction
3. What changes were enacted
a. The Reconstruction Amendments
i. 13th: Prohibition of Slavery
ii. 14th: States cannot deprive citizens of life, liberty, or property
without “due process” & States must provide “equal
protection” to all citizens under the law
iii. 15th: Cannot deny right to vote based on race
th
13
Amendment:
This amendment freed slaves
th
14
Amendment:
This amendment gave equal protection to all citizens
of the United States
th
15
Amendment
gave American males the right to vote
Reconstruction
b. The Reconstruction Acts tried to prevent states from
discriminating against Blacks
c. The Enforcement Acts allowed the Federal Government
to intervene when states refused to follow these laws
d. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibited discrimination in
public services like hotels, public transportation, and
restaurants
e. ***If the laws are followed and enforced, as listed
above, discrimination based on race is illegal***
Politics in Post War South
• Republican Party in the
South relied on 3 groups
• African Americans – right to
vote guaranteed by 15th
Amendment
• Sharecropping – many
African-Americans rented land
from plantation owners in
return for a share or
percentage of the total crop
produced
• Scalawags – Southerners who
became Republicans
• Carpetbaggers – Northerner
Republicans who moved to the
South
The Collapse of Reconstruction
• Anti-Black Violence
• Election of 1876
• Compromise of 1877
The Collapse of Reconstruction
• Anti-Black violence –
goal was to prevent
African Americans from
voting
– Ku Klux Klan (KKK) –
violent terrorist
organization devoted
to white supremacy
Opening Activity 9/9
• Use your book to define the following terms:
–Jim Crow Laws:
–Poll Tax:
–De Jure Segregation:
The Collapse of Reconstruction
• Election of 1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes
(Republican) vs. Samuel Tilden (Democrat)
– Tilden won the popular vote, Hayes won the
electoral college
– South upset and disputed the election
The Collapse of Reconstruction
• Compromise of 1877 – agreement
to settle the disputed election
• Hayes (Republican) = president
• Republicans would end military
occupation of the South ended
• white southern
Democrats passed “Jim
Crow Laws” – called for
segregation of the races
throughout the South
• African Americans
denied their
constitutional rights
Different Plans
• Andrew Johnson, Lincoln, and Congress had
radically different ideas of Reconstruction
Plans
• Andrew Johnson-was too weak on the South
• Lincoln- was moderate on the the South
• Congress- wanted to punish the south
- Also known as the “10% Plan”
- All southerners, except for high ranking army and
government official, would receive a full pardon.
- Once 10% of the voters of a state, based on the 1860
election, took an oath of loyalty to the U.S. government,
that state could reform its government and apply for readmission to the Union.
- Had to pass 13th Amendment formally abolishing
slavery.
- Under this plan Lincoln recognized Louisiana, Tennessee
and Arkansas prior to his death.
- He also signed a bill into law creating the Freedmen’s
Bureau in March 1865.
What reality did most ex-slaves face
upon emancipation?
- Overseen by Union Gen.
O.O. Howard.
- Designed to provide
food, clothing, and
medical care to exslaves.
- Set up schools to
provide freedmen with
basic literacy.
- Hoped to give land to exslaves. The dream was “40
End per1
Lincoln’s 10%
Plan was seen
as far too
lenient by
many radical
abolitionists
and radical
members of
the
Republican
Congress.
Opening Activity 9/10
1. Use your book to define
the following word:
– Sharecropping
2. Answer question #5 on pg
91
• Agenda:
– Opening Activity
– Annotation Wks+
questions
– Notes?
Opening Activity 9/11
• Open your book to pg. 94 and answer
question #17
– (Use your notes and the book to find an answer)
In about 5 mins, I will be calling you up to
check in your opening activities for this
week
Opening Activity
Answer the following questions in your notebook.
• A translation of this term would be “segregation by law.”
–
–
–
–
De facto segregation
Equal protection
De jure segregation
Impeachment
• This amendment states that all people born on U.S. soil are
citizens.
–
–
–
–
12th Amendment
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Learning Target: I can analyze the differences between the presidential and
congressional approaches to Reconstruction.
- Required a 50% oath of allegiance. Forced an “iron
clad oath” meaning that southerners had to swear that
they never supported the Confederacy.
- Confederate states had to give up claims to debts gathered
in fighting the war.
- Forced southern states to enforce African-American rights.
- Confederate states had to call a constitutional convention
and write new constitutions incorporating the 13th
Amendment.
- Supported the Freedmen’s Bureau.
- Believed that Congress should be the ones determining
when a state was ready to re-enter the Union.
When Lincoln died in April 1865, Congress
was not in session. They would not meet
again until November.
As a result,
President
Andrew
Johnson
essentially had
free reign to
do what he
wanted in
terms of
reconstruction.
- A Democrat from the
slave holding state of
Tennessee.
- A former slave owner.
- Firmly believed that
African-Americans were
inferior.
- He came from a
poor family and had
struggled to rise to
wealth and power.
- As a young man he
was intimidated and
“bullied” by wealthier,
aristocratic families.
1. He believed that
ex-slaves deserved
no help or special
treatment from the
government.
2. He hoped to use
his power as
President to get
revenge on the slave
holding aristocrats of
the South.
3. If those wealthy
aristocrats came to
him, begged him
for forgiveness, he
would excuse them
from all wrong
doing and restoring
their voting rights.
To punish southern
aristocrats Johnson made
several demands:
1. Southern states had
to ratify the 13th
Amendment. How
would this help him
accomplish his goal?
2. He denied voting
rights, for all time, to
any southerner who
owned more than
$20,000 in property.
Because of Johnson’s
pardons, almost all of
the former
Confederate leaders
could vote and
participate in local,
state, and national
government.
In fact, Alexander
Stevens, the VicePresident of the
Confederacy , was
elected to become a
U.S. Senator from
Georgia.
Annotation Guide
1. Prohibited freedmen from renting land or
borrowing money to buy land of their own.
2. Prohibited African-Americans from testifying
against whites in court.
3. Prevented male ex-slaves from voting.
4. Made it illegal for African-Americans to hang
around without having a job. They were forced to
sign a contract proving they had employment.
Few ex-slaves had
the money or the
means to escape
the South, and thus
were forced to live
under these laws.
And, as they
needed a job, but
could not afford land
of their own, many
found themselves
turning to their
former masters for
employment.
As such,
many
freedmen
found
themselves in
an eternal
cycle of debt.
For all intents
and purposes
they were
essentially
slaves in
everything but
name.
As Republicans in
Congress watched all
of this unfold, they
had one clear
response:
• How is Reconstruction remembered?
• Read through "A School History of the United
States" Sections 497-500.
Questions for discussion
• How did textbooks record Reconstruction during
the Gilded Age and Progressive Era (late 1800searly 1900s)?
• How does this document treat AfricanAmericans?
• How does this document treat the Ku Klux Klan?
• What are two central ideas in the document and
two key details or ideas that support each
central idea?
• As a Class: Read through "The Americans"
Section 4.
Questions for discussion
• How do textbooks record Reconstruction today?
• How does this document treat AfricanAmericans?
• How does this document treat the Ku Klux Klan?
• What are two central ideas in the document and
two key details or ideas that support each
central idea?
Questions for discussion
• How have textbooks changed their
narrative of Reconstruction?
Exit Slip
IN COMPLETE SENTENCES, ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
• Is an event remembered for how it happened or
how it was recorded?
• How have textbooks changed their narrative of
Reconstruction? Share an example from the text
of each textbook that bolsters your argument.
• Which textbook is more valid (meaning, which is
more believable)? Why?