GENERAL BIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE BSC1005 COURSE SYLLABUS - FALL 2009 Course Prefix/Number: BSC1005, Reference Number: 0197 Course Title: General Biology/Non Majors Credit Hours: 3 Instructor: David C. Davis Office: Bldg. 58A, Rm. 218 Telephone: 850-474-2111 E-mail: dcdavis@uwf.edu IMPORTANT INFORMATION - PLEASE READ CAREFULLY Prerequisites/Co-Requisites: None Course Description: General Biology is designed to provide the fundamentals of biological science. This course is designed for non-biology majors. The units covered are associated with the following topics: general chemistry, biochemistry, cellular organization and function, cellular energetics, photosynthesis, cellular respiration and metabolism, genetics, heredity, biotechnology, the origin and evolution of living things, structure and life processes, vertebrate physiology and ecology and ecosystems. Purpose of the Course: BSC1005 is designed to acquaint non-biology students with biological sciences. The human body is a good model to use when comparing and contrasting biological concepts. Portions of the course are dedicated to the environment, HIV/AIDS, stem cell research, and bioterrorism. These are critical trends and issues which everyone, regardless of their major field of interest, should have some indepth knowledge. About this Course: This course is delivered completely online. You are responsible for having consistent access to the Internet. Online courses are not for everyone. To be successful with the General Biology course, you must be willing to "READ". Your involvement with your own education will be tested with any online course and the General Biology course is no exception. Your reading and understanding of your responsibilities will begin with the first week's introduction. Learning at a distance may be a very different environment for many students. You will generally set your own schedules, participate in class activities at your convenience, and work at your own pace. You may spend some additional time online during the first few weeks while you become acclimated to the online class format and you may feel overwhelmed. You should also be prepared to spend approximately 5 - 7 hours per week online completing lessons, activities, and participating in class discussions. Finally, you may want to incorporate these tips to help you get started: 1. Set yourself a schedule -- check the course web site each Friday after 10:00 AM, to see what new tasks and assignments you will need to work on for the week. 2. Become very familiar with the site and how to use it. It is a tool to help you learn! ALL General Biology students are required to check the elearning General Biology web page and Argonet e-mail at least TWICE DAILY. 3. Team up with your classmates to discuss class assignments and questions you might have. Check the Classlist link "USER PROFILE" for biography info and email addresses. 4. I encourage students to work together. However, this does not mean that you duplicate your homework assignment and submit them as individual work. (Read the section Plagiarism Policy in this syllabus). 5. Duplicate homework assignments will result in a zero grade for that assignment for the students involved. 6. All plagiarized works and correspondence concerning plagiarism will be submitted to the Biology Department Chair for review and recommendation. Ask questions when you need answers. If you have instructional problems, contact your instructor. If you have technical problems, contact the UWF Information Technology Services (ITS) Helpdesk at: (850) 474-2075 How to Access eLearning Course: STEP 1: Connect to the Internet, open your web browser, and type the appropriate URL into the browser's address field. http://uwf.edu/ STEP 2: Select the Log in to Argus link on the UWF home page. Enter your ArgoNet Username and Password in the appropriate fields on the login dialog box and click the Login button. TIP: To Bookmark or add Argus to Favorites, use http://argus.uwf.edu/cp/render.userLayoutRootNode.uP STEP 3: Select the My Info tab. Look for the eLearning channel. This channel provides access to your eLearning course's. Select the course name to open the Course Home page. STEP 4: If your course is not displayed in the eLearning channel, select Class Schedule from the channel Personal Student Records Access. Scroll down to the eLearning section of your class schedule to see the status of your eLearning course's. Student Orientation to eLearning: The Student Orientation Guide - Getting Started with eLearning is available online at: http://portal.knowledgebase.net/article.asp?article=160154&p=6390. Student Support: Student support is available from the Information Technology Services ITS Help Desk. [850] 4742075 or email helpdesk@uwf.edu. Questions about course content should be directed to the instructor. Library Services: Your eLearning course may require that you use certain library databases and services. Some of these databases and services require an access number. This access number is usually the student's Nautilus Card Number. Distance learners who do not plan to physically visit the UWF campus or purchase a Nautilus Card may request a free Library Access Number to access the library databases and services. Complete a Library Access Number Request on the library web page at http://library.uwf.edu/forms/libraryaccessnumber.shtml or contact the Circulation Department at [850] 474-2414 or email Andrea Golanda at agolanka@uwf.edu. Office Hours: You may e-mail me anytime if you have concerns or have questions. Normally, I will respond to your e-mail within 24 hours. Textbook: You may purchase the textbook from the University of West Florida bookstore. Selected Material from BIOLOGY, Sylvia S. Mader, 9th edition, McGraw Hill, 2007. ISBN-13: 978-007-721497-5 or ISBN-10: 0-07-721497-8 Course Requirements: Each student will be required to have Internet access on a regular basis at home or work or be able to complete assignments in the campus computer labs. Student responsibility for this course means you need to: 1. log on to e-learning and your university e-mail at least twice daily to respond to emails, threaded discussions, and work assignments. 2. become familiar with the basics of computing and the Internet fairly quickly to be able to participate fully in this course. 3. communicate problems and concerns with the Instructor immediately in order to continue moving forward in the course with minimal time lost. Students will attend class on-line, participate in all assignments, and complete all readings and chapter assignments. During each week the required readings in the text and supplementary materials must be read. Reading provides much of the substance of the course and will be referred to during the class sessions and discussion threads. Participation includes creative use of resources when exploring each topic. It means sharing insights as well as confusion. Participation in all aspects of the course is required and will be evaluated. This course is delivered completely online. You must have consistent access to the Internet. High-speed internet service is strongly encouraged. It is best that you have, in place, a back-up plan in the event your computer malfunctions or breaks down. Grading Policy and Examinations: Assignment specifications and grading criteria will be distributed in the university's elearning management system (Desire2Learn). Class projects and their relative weights (in percentage of total grade) are as follows: *(15) Session worksheets (14 count) - 5 pts each (3) Exams - 50 points each **Participation 70 150 - 25 points 25 (5) Threaded Discussions - 3 points each 15 TOTAL POINTS 260 * There are a total of 15 session worksheets in the General Biology online course, of which 14 will count (drop the lowest worksheet score). ** Participation is calculated on the number of session assignments you completed and submitted in the dropbox. Each missed submission deducts 1.8 points from 25. Grades will be assigned using the following scale: A 93% and above A- 90-92% B+ 87-89% B 83-86% B- 80-82% C+ 77-79% C 73-76% C- 70-72% D+ 67-69% D 60-66% F below 60% Important Exam Information: Exam times and dates, as outlined in the course syllabus and the schedule & assignments document, are firm. There will be no early exams or special testing dates and times for any other reasons other than serious illness or family emergencies. It will be your responsibility to assure that you will be available for the scheduled exam dates and times. All exams will be administered in "Respondus LockDown Browser ". You will need to access https://elearning.uwf.edu/index.cfm? for complete information and directions concerning "Respondus LockDown Browser ". The course exams are approximately 50 questions consisting mainly of multiple choice; fill in the blank, and true or false. You will access the exams through elearning.uwf.edu, General Biology. Go to the "Quizzes" tab which is adjacent to the "Dropbox" tab. Once you have started the exam, you will have 60 minutes to complete it. You cannot log-out and come back at a later time. Allow yourself enough time to complete the exam. If you do not submit the exam within the allotted 60 minutes, elearning will automatically submit your exam for you. If you experience any computer difficulty you need to contact UWF - Information Technology Services (ITS) at 850-474-2075 immediately to document your problem. E-mail me dcdavis@uwf.edu immediately as well. Notification of problems after the exam times and dates is NOT an acceptable excuse. To avoid any unnecessary interruptions, I might suggest you take the exam at the Student Access Information Lab (SAIL) http://uwf.edu/computerlabs/sail/. I would strongly encourage you take the exam during normal school hours (9:00 AM to 4:00 PM). You will get immediate assistance from ITS during normal school hours. After hours you will get a recording and very little immediate assistance. You have a 24 hour window of opportunity to take the exam. Failure to take the exam during the scheduled times and dates will result in a "0". The exam times and dates are firm. There will be no early exam times allowed. DO NOT PUT-OFF TAKING THE EXAM UNTIL THE END OF THE TESTING PERIOD UNLESS IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY. All of the course exams will be randomized which means everyone will get a different exam. Once you have completed the exam and submit it, you will get immediate results. Make-up exams will only be given for students with serious illness or family emergencies. You must notify the instructor (phone or e-mail is fine) Prior to the originally scheduled exam time and date in order to reschedule an exam. Missing a scheduled exam will ONLY be considered if notification occurs BEFORE the scheduled exam date and time. If you are very ill and unable to contact the instructor yourself, get someone to do so on your behalf. You may be required to bring a note from a physician/dentist, or whomever appropriate in order to make up an exam. Make-up exams will be made during designated times and you will not be given a second chance outside of that time. Exams will not be rescheduled for failure, on your part, to plan ahead. Exam results are immediate. Once I have reviewed all exams manually I will release the exams for student review. You will have an opportunity to review the questions you missed. If you wish to discuss the exam further at a later date, arrangements will be made for you during instructor or TA office hours. You are responsible for keeping track of your performance in class. If you are concerned about your performance and need assistance, contact the instructor during office hours or make an appointment. Do not wait until the last week of the semester to attempt to improve your grade-it will be too late. If you miss an exam and did not make prior notification arrangements, you will NOT be allowed to makeup the exam. Remember, you are a stakeholder in your education and thus you must assume certain responsibilities. Refer to your syllabus first for guidance and explanation. If you are unsure or have concerns about the policies of the course please contact me without delay. There are approximately 160 students in the course/lab which prevents me from making any special exceptions outside those indicated in the syllabus. The syllabus is our contract for the course. Study Suggestions: At the end of each chapter there is a Summary which will help you focus on what was important in the chapter. Reviewing the Chapter is helpful because it will provide you with the subject matter and reference it to the page(s) in the chapter where it can be found. "Testing Yourself" and "Understanding the Terms" are the most important sections at the end of each chapter. Work these two areas to completion. Academic Misconduct Policy and Student Code of Conduct: Scholastic Dishonesty: Students who violate the University rules on scholastic dishonesty are subject to disciplinary penalties, including the possibility of failure in the course and dismissal from the University. All policies on scholastic dishonesty will be strictly enforced. UNIVERSITY POLICY SA-04.00-06/01 http://nautical.uwf.edu/Files/CLAN/7/sa-04.pdf ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT POLICY AND STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT http://nautical.uwf.edu/files/module/groupMail/BOT_Approved_Academic_Misconduct_Policy_andStudent_Code_of_Conduct_20071.pdf Session Worksheet Assignment Submission The worksheet assignment needs to be opened and saved on your desktop or personal memory device i.e., flash memory. Next, complete the worksheet and put your name at the top. Save the worksheet using a short file name EXAMPLE: (WS1) (GENBIO WS1). If you are using Coral Wordperfect or Microsoft Office, save the worksheet file as a rich text format (RTF) and it should be readable in eLearning. File names that are cut and pasted from the htlm address even thought they are RTF files EXAMPLE: (GENBIO%20Chapter%201%20Worksheet[1](1).rtf) are highly problematic to open from the dropbox. If you receive an e-mail from me concerning an unreadable file you will need to correct the file following the directions given above. If a readable (rtf) file is not submitted by the extension date and time a "zero" will be assigned to that session assignment. If you are ill or have a problem that prevents you from completing assignments on a due date, please contact me "PRIOR" to that due date and we will arrange an alternate due date. I understand that work schedules (especially travel) and family responsibilities oftentimes compete with school work and I am willing to work with you to enable you to complete the requirements of the course while fulfilling your other obligations. In general, I will grade all session worksheets that are turned in on time within 5 days (an exception is a major assignment when there is not time to grade all assignments fairly within that amount of time). However, you should not expect a quick turnaround time for an assignment that has been accepted for late submission. Late submission of assignments will NOT be accepted unless I have "PRIOR" knowledge from the student that it will be late. It is your responsibility to telephone or e-mail me "PRIOR" to the submission deadline if you experience difficulty in meeting assignment submission. Some students will wait until the final day of the assignment to begin their assignment work and then claim to have computer problems submitting their assignment to the appropriate dropbox. You have a week to complete the worksheet assignment so, please get it done before the last hour of the last day. DO NOT e-mail your assignment unless you have received permission from me to do so. The dropbox assignment submission maintains accountability of your assignments; E-mail does not. I will provide worksheet feedback in the comments area of each session grade. The comments will specify which question(s) is/are incomplete, incorrect or not answered. Your worksheet is graded on how the entire class responded to all the questions on that particular worksheet. If it appears that the class missed understanding a question(s), I will explain in the comments area. The student is responsible for assuring that the correct dropbox assignment is placed into the proper dropbox by the submission cutoff date. Submission of the wrong worksheet assignment or blank worksheet assignment will not receive credit. All dropbox submissions receive a conformation e-mail from ITS. This e-mail will validate your submission but cannot discern whether the proper worksheet is in the proper dropbox. E-mail & Proper E-mail Etiquette: If you normally address a person as Miss/Mrs./Ms./Dr./Mr. Smith then that's the way you should initially address them in e-mail. If you normally call them by their first name then you could either omit the salutation or use the first name. If you are unsure, stick to the formal salutation. It's the safest bet. Please identify yourself by first and last name in your e-mail and indicate whether your concerns, questions or comments pertain to the laboratory or course section. E-mails without a name will not be answered. You may e-mail me anytime if you have concerns or have questions. Normally, I will respond to your e-mail within 24 hours. Your UWF Argus e-mail account is the official e-mail used at UWF and for this course. Any other e-mail accounts (Cox, Bellsouth, Sprint, Yahoo, etc.) are NOT considered official UWF accounts and may be fire walled to protect the UWF system from viruses and/or computer hackers. Therefore, if you use other than your official UWF account, you may not receive important notifications concerning course policy or changes. Students will be responsible for maintaining proper e-mail communication by using the correct e-mail account. If you send me an e-mail concerning worksheet assignments on the day the assignment is due, it is too late to provide you any assistance on the worksheet before submission deadline. Remember, I will respond to your e-mail within 24 hours. Student Withdrawal Withdrawal from this course is your (student) responsibility. The withdrawal deadline from the online General Biology course with an automatic grade of "W" is November 2, 2009. No individual course withdrawals after this date. You need to consult with the instructor and academic advisor prior to your decision to withdraw. In addition, consult the UWF catalog for more specific instruction concerning withdrawal from a course. Assistance for Students with Special Needs: Students with special needs who require specific examination-related or other course-related accommodations should contact the Student Disability Resource Center (SDRC), web address: http://www.uwf.edu/SDRC, (850) 474-2387. SDRC will provide the student with a letter for the instructor that will specify any recommended accommodations for the individual students. Alternatively, please leave your name and phone number with the department office (Ext. 2748) so the professor can contact you to set up an appointment. Special Technology Utilized By Students: Students will need the following programs to view all components of course: Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 file formats: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/products/HA101686761033.aspx Adobe Acrobat Reader: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html PowerPoint Viewer: http://microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=D1649C22-B51F-4910-93FC4CF2832D3342&displaylang=en Windows Media Player: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/download/ Quicktime Player: http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/ Real Player: http://forms.real.com/netzip/getrde601.html?h=207.188.7.150&f=windows/RealOnePlayerV2GOLD.exe&p= RealOne+Player&oem=dl&tagtype=ie&type=dl University Policy on Academic Conduct/Plagiarism Policy: Honesty in our academic work is vital, and we will not knowingly act in ways which erode that integrity. Accordingly, we pledge not to cheat, nor to tolerate cheating, nor to plagiarize the work of others. (UWF Student Life Handbook ). Academic dishonesty is a serious offense and will be taken seriously. Please refer to the UWF Student Life Handbook for a list of behaviors that fall under the definition of academic misconduct. The handbook also outlines the penalties for academic misconduct and the due process procedures that must be followed. (Links to the Student Life Handbook and the UWF Academic Conduct Statement are posted on the UWF web site). As members of the University of West Florida, we commit ourselves to honesty. As we strive for excellence in performance, integrity—personal and institutional—is our most precious asset. Honesty in our academic work is vital, and we will not knowingly act in ways which erode that integrity. Accordingly, we pledge not to cheat, nor to tolerate cheating, nor to plagiarize the work of others. We pledge to share community resources in ways that are responsible and that comply with established policies of fairness. Cooperation and competition are means to high achievement and are encouraged. Indeed, cooperation is expected unless our directive is to individual performance. We will compete constructively and professionally for the purpose of stimulating high performance standards. Finally, we accept adherence to this set of expectations for academic conduct as a condition of membership in the UWF academic community. Additional Information on Plagiarism: Your writing is your intellectual property. Guard it carefully. Do not leave copies of your work on computers that are in common use. You could find yourself in the unpleasant position of trying to prove that you are the true author of this work. Save preliminary drafts of your work, reading notes, data collection sheets, and copies of library sources you make while researching your paper. You may be asked to produce these if questions of authorship arise. Make back-up copies to protect your work from computer failures. Plagiarism is a serious violation of academic standards and will be punished severely. Students who plagiarize will fail the course and will be referred to the Dean for academic dishonesty. Some students are surprised to learn that they plagiarized themselves when they inappropriately used work produced for one course in another course. If you are unsure, ask your instructor for guidance. See the UWF Student Life Handbook for the University policy on academic conduct and plagiarism and the consequences for students who engage in academic misconduct. A link to the UWF Plagiarism Policy is posted on the UWF web site at: http://uwf.edu/cas/aasr/plagiarism.doc UWF Policies concerning academic conduct/plagiarism: http://uwf.edu/cas/aasr/plagiarism.doc Please see the University's Plagiarism Policy for examples of work constituting plagiarism. http://uwf.edu/StudentAffairs/division/publications/PlagBroch.pdf Course Schedule and Assignments: Dates (2009) Directions: Print this page for a comprehensive checklist of all assignments due for BSC1005 Session Title Session 1 Orientation to Online Learning 8/24 - 8/27 Introduction Important Course Information Course Syllabus Course Schedule & Assignments Session 2 Requirements Assignments Carefully and Completely Read COMPLETE: Biography Info in Classlist "?" the Syllabus, Student Letter of COMPLETE:" Who Am I" & General Biology Discussion Online Course Responsibilities COMPLETE AND ACKNOWLEDGE: Student Letter of and Orientation to Online Online Course Responsibilities Learning READ: Orientation to Online Learning and Course Syllabus Read Chap 1 Review Presentation Review Animations Read Chap 2 and 3 Review Presentations (2) Complete Session 2 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 8/28 - 9/3 A View of Life 9/4 - 9/10 Basic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry 9/8 - 9/9 Practice Quiz September 8-9, 2009 Have Respondus Lockdown Browser downloaded on your computer Start date and time: 9/8/09 at 10:00 AM Stop date and time: 9/9/09 at 10:00 AM Session 4 9/11 - 9/17 Cell Structure and Function Read Chap 4 Review Presentation Complete Session 4 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 9/18 - 9/24 Membrane Structure and Function Read Chap 5 Review Presentation Complete Session 5 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 9/22 - 9/23 Exam 1 September 22-23, 2009 Chapters: 1,2,3,4, & 5 Complete Exam 1 Start date and time: 9/22/09 at 10:00 AM Stop date and time: 9/23/09 at 10:00 AM Session 6 9/25 - 10/1 Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Read Chap 7 and 8 Review Presentations (2) Complete Session 6 Dropbox Worksheet Assignments (2) 10/2 - 10/8 Cellular Reproduction & Cell Cycle and Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Read Chap 9 and 10 Review Presentations (2) Complete Session 7 Dropbox Worksheet Assignments (2) 10/9 - 10/15 Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance Read Chap 11 Review Presentation Complete Session 8 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 10/16 - 10/22 Chromosomal Patterns of Inheritance Read Chap 12 Review Presentation Review Animations Complete Session 9 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment Complete DNA Discussion 10/20 - 10/21 Exam 2 October 20-21, 2009 Chapters: 7,8,9,10,11, & 12 Complete Exam 2 Start date and time: 10/20/09 at 10:00 AM Stop date and time: 10/21/09 at 10:00 AM Session 10 10/23 - 10/29 DNA: Structure and Function Review Chap 13 Review Presentation Complete Session 10 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 10/30 - 11/5 Biotechnology and Genomics Read Chap 16 Review Presentation Complete Session 11 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 11/6 - 11/12 Darwin and Evolution Review Chap 17 Review Presentation Complete Session 12 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 11/13 - 11/19 Origin and History of Life Review Chap 19 Review Presentation Complete Session 13 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 11/20 - 11/27 Circulation and Cardiovascular System Review Chap 34 Review Presentation Complete Session 14 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 11/28 - 12/3 Ecosystems and Human Interferences Review Chap 48 Review Presentation Complete Session 15 Dropbox Worksheet Assignment 12/9 - 12/10 Final Exam December 9-10, 2009 Wrapping Up Chapters: 13,16,17,19,34, & 48 Complete Final Exam Start date and time: 12/9/09 at 10:00 AM Stop date and time: 12/10/09 at 10:00 AM Complete End of Course Evaluation Survey Complete SUSSAI Survey Session 3 Session 5 Session 7 Session 8 Session 9 Session 11 Session 12 Session 13 Session 14 Session 15 Complete Session 3 Dropbox Worksheet Assignments (2) Topics/Student Learning Outcomes: A View of Life Recall the various levels of biological organization. Define the characteristics which are common to all living things. Recall the classification of living things. Describe the scientific process and the way information is gathered. Basic Chemistry Recognize the different chemical elements that pertain to all living systems. Distinguish the different subatomic particles (proton, neutron and electron). Recognize the different isotopes. Define compounds and molecules. Define and contrast oxidation and reduction. Associate the physical characteristics of water. Define pH as it applies to living systems. The Chemistry of Organic Molecules Define the characteristics of organic compounds and the chemistry of carbon. Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Cell Structure and Function Associate the cellular level of organization. Define the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote. Distinguish the cellular organelles. Membrane Structure and Function Compare the different membrane models. Observe the plasma membrane structure and function. Define and relate the permeability of the plasma membrane. Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Define energy and the Laws of thermodynamics. Recognize metabolic reactions and energy transformation. Recognize metabolic pathways and enzymes. Describe the characteristics enzymes. Photosynthesis Observe how plants make use of solar energy. Describe the structure and function of chloroplast. Define solar energy capture. Describe carbohydrate synthesis in photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration Summarize cellular respiration to include glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle and ATP synthesis. Distinguish the structure and function of mitochondria. Cellular Reproduction & Cell Cycle and Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Describe the cellular division of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Illustrate and recognize mitosis and cytokinesis. Describe the eukaryotic cell cycle. Distinguish how cancer develops. Contrast haploid and diploid chromosome numbers. Define genetic recombination. Illustrate the different phases of meiosis. Compare meiosis with mitosis. Review the human life cycle. Human Genetics Associate the inheritance of chromosomes. Recognize different chromosomal abnormalities. Differentiate between autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant genetic disorders. Differentiate between sex-linked genetic disorders. Indicate the pattern of inheritance when using the pedigree chart. Predict inheritance using the Punnett square. Gene Activity: How Genes Work Differentiate between RNA and DNA. Name the purine and pyrimidine molecules of nucleic acids. Define the function of genes. Associate the expression of genes leading to the synthesis of proteins. Interpret the genetic code as it pertains to codons. Differentiate the different types of RNA molecules. Distinguish between transcription and translation. Biotechnology Describe recombinant DNA technology. Recall cloning a gene. List biotechnology products, which have been genetically engineered. Recall the Human Genome Project. Define DNA sequencing. Describe gene therapy. Define proteomics and bioinformatics. Darwin and Evolution Describe the voyage of the HMS Beagle. Compare and contrast pre-Darwinian and post-Darwinian worldviews. List mid-eighteenth-century contributions to evolution. List late-eighteenth-century contributions to evolution. Describe Darwin's theory of evolution. Recall evidence for evolution. Origin and History of Life Define the primitive atmosphere. Relate fossils and relative dating of fossils. Recall the geological timetable. Distinguish between Era and period. Ecosystems and Human Interferences Define the biosphere and ecosystems. Trace energy flow and nutrient cycling. Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Recall the global biogeochemical cycles. Interpret global warming, population explosion, ozone depletion, thermal inversion, deforestation and desertification, and renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Animal Organization and Homeostasis Recall the four major tissue types Describe the different organs and organ systems of the human body Stem Cell Research & HIV/AIDS Differentiate between adult and embryonic stem cells. Recall the controversy concerning embryonic stem cells. Relate the different types of stem cells. Describe the type of adult stem cell research endeavors currently being persuaded. Differentiate between HIV and AIDS. Describe the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. Recall the difference between regulatory, structural and auxiliary genes of HIV. Define a retrovirus. Infectious Diseases & Bioterrorism Associate the transmission of an infectious disease. Classify the different vectors of infectious diseases. Recall the transmission of typhus, yellow fever, and malaria. Define Bioterrorism. Define a biological weapon. Classify the criteria of a bioweapon. Define by using examples Incapacitating Agents. Define by using examples Lethal Non-Infectious Agents. Define by using examples Lethal Infectious Agents. Associate different types of germ warfare. Recall bioweapons production between the United States and Russia.