The Industrial Revolution and the Growth of a National Economy
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Industrialization
o 1. Machinery
o 2. Factories
o 3. Work force
o Begins In Great Britain
Textile Industry Inventions
o John Kay - Flying Shuttle
o James Hargreaves - The Spinning Jenny
o Richard Arkwright - Water Frame
o Samuel Compton - Spinning Mule
Coal, Iron, and The Steam Engine
o Henry Cort
 Iron
 “puddling”
 Rolling Mill
o Thomas Newcomen
 First Steam Engine
o James Watt
 More efficient Steam Engine
The Factory
o Centralization
o Urbanization
o Proletarianization
o Schedules
o Samuel Slater
 “Father of the American Factory System”
 Moses Brown
Eli Whitney
o Cotton Gin
 South
 “Cotton Kingdom”
 North
 Industrialization
War of 1812 and Embargo
o “Buy American”
o Treaty of Ghent
Tariff of 1816
New Inventions and Concepts
o Eli Whitney
 Interchangeable Parts
o Elias Howe and Isaac Singer
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 Sewing Machine
o “Limited Liability” Corporation
o Samuel Morse
 Telegraph
 Morse Code
o Cyrus Field
 Transatlantic Cable – 1858/1866
 Transcontinental cable – 1861
o Pony Express
The Worker
o “Wage Slaves”
o Campaign for 10 Hour Day
o President Van Buren
o Strike
o Panic of 1837
o Commonwealth v. Hunt
o Women in the Factory
 “Factory girls”
o Other jobs for Women
 Teaching
 Catharine Beecher
 Domestic Service
 Only single women worked
Family Life
o Marriages
o Birthrate
o Child rearing
Agriculture
o Corn
o John Deere
 Steel Plow
o Cyrus McCormick
 Reaper
Transportation
o Roads
 Lancaster Turnpike
 Cumberland Road
o Steamboat
 Robert Fulton
 Clermont
 “Fulton’s Folly”
o Canal System
 The Erie Canal
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Buffalo to New York City
DeWitt Clinton
o Governor of New York
 Effects elsewhere
o Cleveland
o Detroit
o Chicago
o American Shipping
 Clipper Ships
 New England Naval Yards
 Donald McKay’s
o Railroads
 George Stephenson
 B&O
 Opposition
 Dangers
Utopian Socialism
o Count Claude Henri de Saint-Simon
o Robert Owen
o Charles Fourier
o Utopian Experiments in the US
 Brook Farm
 Massachusetts
 Oneida Community
 New York
 Shakers
 Mother Ann Lee
Marxism
o Karl Marx
o Friedrich Engels
o Communist Manifesto
o Influence
 German Hegelianism
 French Socialism
 British Classical Economics
o Proletariat
o Class conflict