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©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
7
Designing
Oral
Presentations
©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Speak Up
• The Fear
Factor
• How Can I
Reduce
Speech
Anxiety?
Practicing and rehearsing a speech can help to
reduce your anxiety and build your confidence
during delivery.
© Keith Brofsky/Getty Images
3
Choosing a Speech Topic
• What Should I Talk About?
• What about a Really Big Topic?
 Main idea
◦
central point you want to make with your audience
that will run through the entire message
4
Speech Goals
Speeches:
 Informative
 Persuasive
 Requesting
 Entertaining and special occasion
5
Doing Your Homework
• Who Is My Audience?
 Customized presentation
◦
carefully planned speech that is tailored to the
specific needs, knowledge, perspectives, and
background of an audience
6
Doing Your Homework
• What’s the Occasion?
• Where Do I Look for Information?
• Using the Right Language
7
Doing Your Homework
• Practice Your Spoken Language
 Be clear
 Personalize language
 Adapt sentence grammar
 Decrease sentence length
 Avoid jargon
 Active voice
• Timing and Location
8
Doing Your Homework
FIGURE 7.1 The Speech Location
© Ryan McVay/Getty Images
9
Organizing Your Speech
•  Introduction
◦
brief opening opportunity to preview the main topic
idea, establish credibility, and present a positive
first impression
10
Organizing Your Speech
• Introduction (continued)
1. Get their attention
 Creative speaking
◦
art of gaining the audience’s interest by using entertaining
speaking methods
11
Organizing Your Speech
• Introduction (continued)
1. Get their attention (continued)
 Anecdote
 Ask a question
 Examples
 Use a quotation
 Startling or surprising remarks
 Humor
12
Organizing Your Speech
• Introduction (continued)
2. Give them a reason to listen
3. Establish credibility
4. Relate to the audience and the occasion
13
Organizing Your Speech
Late night talk show host Jay Leno routinely uses humor to
capture his audience’s attention. As a professional comic, Leno
finds humor an ideal attention getter. But other techniques may
be more appropriate for your particular audience.
© Reuters/CORBIS
14
Organizing Your Speech
•  Body
◦
substance of a speech that explains main ideas
and backs them up with supporting details
 Secondary ideas
◦
support your main ideas
15
Organizing Your Speech
• Body (continued)
 Chronological
 Topical
 Spatial
 Cause and effect
 Problem and solution
16
Organizing Your Speech
•  Conclusion
◦
ties together main points, inspires a next step, and
provides a strong sense of closure
 Connect your main points
 Inspire a next step
 Give a sense of closure
17
Organizing Your Speech
• Don’t Forget Transitions
 Transitions
◦
key words or short sentences that bridge one idea
to another, the speech’s introduction to the body
and the conclusion, or one speaker to the next
18
Organizing Your Speech
• Don’t Forget Transitions (continued)
 Ideas
 Introduction of next speaker
 Contrasts and comparisons
19
Visual Aids
• Increase message clarity
• Visually demonstrate and explain more than
words
• Increase audience interest
• Dramatically extend audience recall of
speech information
20
Using Electronic Presentation Software
• Planning Your Presentation
• Can PowerPoint Take the Pressure Off Me?
• Formatting PowerPoint Slides
• Handouts
• Common PowerPoint Problems
21
Using Electronic Presentation Software
• Common PowerPoint Problems (continued)
Practice Using PowerPoint
 Slide content fully visible
 Check presentation equipment
 Present only one main idea per slide
 Use both text and graphical illustrations
 Only highlight main points of message
22
Using Electronic Presentation Software
• Common PowerPoint Problems (continued)
Practice Using PowerPoint (continued)
 Use software tools
 Show visual aid only when discussing it
 Give audience moment to understand slide
 Don’t let slides steal the show
23
Types of Speech Delivery
 Impromptu
◦ speeches are unexpected and off the cuff
 Manuscript
◦ speech is written word for word and read aloud
24
Types of Speech Delivery
 Extemporaneous
◦ speaking is planned and rehearsed but
not memorized
 Memorized
◦ speech involves memorizing a speech
word for word
25
After the Speech
• What If the Audience Disagrees with Me?
◊ frame message to be persuasive
◊ not threatening
• What If I Can’t Answer a Question?
◊ rephrase the question
◊ don’t know but will research
26
Questions
27