The Sun
What are
UV rays?
UV rays
They are invisible rays that
are part of the energy that
comes from the sun.
3 Types of UV rays
• UVA rays cause skin aging and wrinkling and contribute to
skin cancer, such as melanoma. Because UVA rays pass
effortlessly through the ozone layer (the protective layer of
atmosphere, or shield, surrounding the earth), they make
up the majority of our sun exposure.
• UVB rays are also dangerous, causing sunburns, cataracts
(clouding of the eye lens), and effects on the immune
system. They also contribute to skin cancer. Melanoma, the
most dangerous form of skin cancer, is thought to be
associated with severe UVB sunburns that occur before the
age of 20.
• UVC rays are the most dangerous, but fortunately, these
rays are blocked by the ozone layer and don't reach the
earth.
How is the
sun good
for us?
Benefits of the Sun!
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Keeps Earth in place.
Keeps us warm.
Give us light.
Under the action of the sunlight, the skin
synthesizes vitamin D, which makes possible
calcium absorption in the intestine, helping the
organism grow strong bones.
• Exposure to the sun strengthens the
cardiovascular system.
How is the
sun bad for
us?
Dangers of the Sun!
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Can cause eye damage.
Causes cancer
Makes you age
Can damage your immune system.
Will burn your skin.
Can cause skin damage.
How can we protect
ourselves from the
sun?
Ways to stay safe from the sun!
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Wear protective clothing.
Wear sunglasses
Wear a hat
Don’t stay out in the sun for a long period of
time.
• Apply sunscreen often.
What are the
different types of
skin cancer?
Types of Skin Cancer
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma
Actinic Keratosis
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Cure rate of 95 percent.
• Known as non-melanoma skin cancer. This is because it has
not spread to any other part of the body.
• Appears mostly on the trunk of the body, head, hands and
neck.
• Appears as small fleshy bumps and rarely spreads to other
parts of the body.
• If untreated, it can grow below the skin to the bone causing
damage.
• Can also put people at risk of developing other skin
cancers after they have been diagnosed with this.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Usually found along the facial areas like the
ear, lips, face and mouth.
• It can spread to other parts of the body.
• Is noticeable on the skin. The part of skin with
Squamous Cell Carcinoma will become red
with scaly patches.
• This form of skin cancer is highly treatable but
is a bit more aggressive than Basal Cell
Carcinoma.
Malignant Melanoma
• Rarest form of skin cancer and usually only occurs in adults.
• A more serious form of skin cancer than basal cell or squamous cell
cancer.
• Has the highest death rate, responsible for 75 percent skin cancer deaths.
• Malignant melanoma appears mostly on fair skinned people who do not
tan easily.
• Signs are change in color or shape of a mole. Bleeding and oozing from the
mole can also occur. The mole may also feel hard, swollen and tender, and
can have an itch associated with it.
• When malignant melanoma occurs, it has spread to other parts of the
body. This makes the skin cancer harder to treat and aggressive measures
are often used.
• Removal of the skin cancer is the first priority, and depending on how
much the cancer has spread, a round of chemotherapy can be given
Kaposi's Sarcoma
• Begins in the blood vessels.
• Slow growing form or an aggressive growing form of skin
cancer.
• The slower form of Kaposi's Sarcoma often occurs on the
leg.
• Usually starts out as a raised or flat purple area.
sometimes this area can also have a color of dark brown.
• Can show up on any part of the body.
• In the aggressive form, it ranges in color from pink to
purple or red.
• The shape appears round or oval.
• It can also grow inside the body during this aggressive
form.
Actinic Keratosis
• Appears as a scaly or crusty bump on the area of
the skin.
• Skin may be dark, light red, tan or pink. There
may also be a mixture of these colors combined.
• Signs of Actinic Keratosis is itching of the skin or
tenderness.
• Many people notice this skin condition by
touching it rather than seeing it.
• Most often found on bald scalps, hands,
forearms, lips, neck, back, ears and face.
Why would you want
to go out in the sun
without protecting
your skin?
What are other
illnesses we can get
from being hot?
Heat related illnesses
• Heat rash – Occurs when the sweat ducts to the skin become blocked or
swell, causing discomfort and itching
• Heat edema – Swelling in the legs and hands, which can occur when
sitting or standing for a long time in a hot environment
• Heat syncope – Fainting due to low blood pressure when heat causes the
blood vessels to expand and body fluids gravitate to the legs
• Heat cramps - are the mildest form of heat injury and consist of painful
muscle cramps and spasms that occur during or after intense exercise and
sweating in high heat.
• Heat exhaustion - is more severe than heat cramps and results from a loss
of water and salt in the body. It occurs in conditions of extreme heat and
excessive sweating without adequate fluid and salt replacement. Heat
exhaustion occurs when the body is unable to cool itself properly and, if
left untreated, can progress to heat stroke.
• Heat stroke - the most severe form of heat illness, occurs when the body's
heat-regulating system is overwhelmed by excessive heat. It is a lifethreatening emergency and requires immediate medical attention.
What is
dehydration?
Dehydration
It means that your body doesn't have enough
water in it to keep it working right.
Signs of being Dehydrated
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Excessive thirst
Feeling lightheaded, dizzy, or tired
Rapid heartbeat
Dry lips and mouth
Infrequent or dark urine
Muscle weakness
Headache
Tiredness
Inability to produce tears
3 Types of Dehydration
• Mild dehydration - where you have increased thirst,
dry mouth, restlessness along with a normal urine
output.
• Moderate dehydration – where your thirst is increased
but you become drowsy or irritable and can have a
reduced urine output. You may have a higher pulse rate
and need to take deeper breaths.
• Severe dehydration - is the extreme situation where
the patient suffers a dry mouth, cold hands and feet,
cramps, lethargy and extremely reduced urine output.
The skin also loses some elasticity due to loss of water
and breathing becomes deeper.
Why do you get dehydrated?
• Playing hard and having fun.
• Not drinking a plenty of fluids.
• Having a stomach virus (throwing up) or
diarrhea.
• Sore throat can cause you to not want to eat
or drink anything.
• If you have a fever, you can lose fluids because
water evaporates from your skin in an attempt
to cool your body down.
What does it
mean to be
hydrated?
Hydrate
Supply water or liquid to maintain a healthy
balance.
What does that mean to you?
Ways to stay hydrated
• Have something to drink when you first wake
up.
• Carry a water bottle with you throughout the
day.
• Remember to drink BEFORE you get thirsty!
• Try to limit caffeinated and sugary beverages.
• Eat fruits and vegetables, they contain water!
• Keep a glass of water by your bed.
Lets Review!