Roman Expansion
1. After their conquest of ______________, Romans faced the state of ________________
a. Who did the Romans have to conquer first?
b. What continent is Carthage located? ________________
2. The Phoenicians founded ________________on the Coast of North ________________
3. Carthage had an enormous ________________Empire with colonies stretching from Spain to ______________
4. Carthage was the ________________and ________________ state in the area
a. Why do you think a conflict arose between Rome and Carthage?
5. The First Punic Wars:
a. The presence of the Carthaginians in ____________ (an island close to the Italian Coast made the
Romans fearful.
b. Both the ______________and the Carthaginians were determined to _____________Sicily.
c. The Romans built a large ___________ fleet knowing they could not take over Sicily (an island) without a
navy
d. In 241 BCE, the Romans ________________the Carthaginians and Sicily became the first Roman
________________.
e. The Carthaginians vowed ________________.
i. What was the RESULT of the First Punic Wars?
6. The Second Punic Wars:
a. To make up for lost lands in Sicily, the Carthaginians decided to add ________ lands in ______________.
b. The Romans encouraged one of Carthage’s Spanish ________________to revolt.
c. In response, the greatest Carthaginian general, ________________, struck back and began the Second
Punic Wars.
d. Hannibal, the ___________of the Carthaginians brought the fight to Rome this time by crossing over the
________________with 46,000 men, horses, and elephants.
e. The Alps took a toll on the Carthaginian army; most of the ________________ died, but the remaining
army was still extremely dominant
f.
The Romans made a big ________________and met the Carthaginian army head on--i. The Roman army lost 40,000 men
g. After ________________the Roman army, Hannibal conquered surrounding areas in Italy; however he
did not have enough ________ or ________________to take over any major cities.
h. The Roman army began to ________________from its loss and eventually ________________the cities
that had been taken by Hannibal.
i.
By 206 BCE, the Romans had pushed the Carthaginians completely ________ of __________ and Spain.
j.
To ensure that Hannibal left Rome, the Romans ______________ Carthage while Hannibal was in Spain.
k. The Romans knew that ________________would retreat back to Carthage (in Africa)
l.
Having the upper hand now, the Romans ________________Hannibal’s army
m. _____________ became a Roman Province
n. Rome was now the ________________force in the western Mediterranean world
i. What was the result of the Second Punic Wars?
7. Third Punic Wars:
a. For years, _____________and ______________ Romans had wanted Carthage destroyed.
b. In 146 BCE it was ________________; for _______ days Romans burned and destroyed the city and sold
all inhabitants into ________________.
c. The territory of ________________became a Roman ________________called Africa
i. What was the result of the Third Punic wars?
ii. What was the historical and cultural significance of the Roman destruction of Carthage?