by
Colon, Donovan
Luera, Michael
Navarro, Matthew
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Mouth and Salivary Glands
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Liver
Large Intestine
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Where Digestion first occurs
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Salivary glands soften and moisten food while you chew
making it easier to swallow and digest
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A Digestive Enzyme called Amylase makes carbohydrates
(sugars and starches) break down
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After all this happens food is swallowed then pushed down a
tube-like organ (by wavelike muscle contractions called
peristalsis) called the esophagus which transports food from the
mouth to the stomach
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Food enters the stomach from the esophagus from the
Cardiac Sphincter
Within ten seconds of food being swallowed the stomach
mixes food with digestive juices to begin the production of chyme.
It takes four hours time to produce chyme which is slowly
drained down the stomach through the Pyloric Sphincter to the
duodenum (connection point of the stomach and small Intestine)
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Where most digestion and absorption occurs
Structure:
 The small intestine starts at the stomach and ends at the large
intestine.
 It is roughly 6 meters (20 feet) long but it’s not able to absorb all
body nutrients required.
 The inner wall is made of two kinds of folds: plicae circulars and
rugae.
The intestine is made of three distinct zones: duodenum, jejunum
and ileum. However the differences between these are microscopic.
Function
 It is considered the part where the 'most extensive part of digestion'
occurs because it is where most of the chemical digestion takes
place.
 The major nutrients produced are carbohydrates, proteins, and
lipids.
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Structure:
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The liver is reddish-brown in color.
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The liver is split into two unequal sized lobes; in them are blood
capillaries, liver cells and the bile capillaries.
Functions in Digestion:
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It processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.
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The liver creates bile that is used in the digestion of fat.
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The liver is the body’s chemical "factory," because it uses the raw
materials absorbed by the intestines and makes all the chemicals
the body needs to function.
Structure:
 The average adult large intestine is 5 cm wide and 1.5
meters long.
 It’s made of caecum, colon, rectum and anal canal.
Functions:
 Reabsorbs water and other mineral ions.
 Forms and temporarily stores feces.
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An inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the
stomach.
Cause: Caused by irritation due to excessive alcohol use,
chronic vomiting, stress, or the use of certain medications.
-May also be caused by;
-Helicobacter pylori: A bacteria that lives in the mucus
lining of the stomach. Without treatment, can lead to
ulcers, or stomach cancer
-Pernicious anemia; form of anemia that occurs when the
stomach lacks to absorb vitamin b12
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Symptoms:
-Nausea
-Abdominal pain
-Vomiting
-Indigestion
-Hiccups
-Loss of appetite
-Vomiting blood or coffee ground like material
Treatment:
-Taking antacids and other drugs to reduce stomach acid
-Avoiding hot and spicy foods
-If gastritis is caused by h pylori infection, then your doctor
will prescribe antibiotics and antacid blocking drugs
-If gastritis is cause by pernicious anemia then you will
receive vitamin B12 shots
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Cheatsheet. The Body. Science Channel.
April 13 2012
Emedicinehealth. Sandeep Mukherjee April 13
2012
<www.emedicine.com/anatomy_of_the_di
gestive_system/article_em.htm