Business & Society
ETLW 302D
Tara Ceranic Salinas, PhD
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Grading Ponder
Responses (links)
Comments
Articles read
Average is based on each section
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Team Project
5 per team
MUST link to WATER in some way
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First Team Assignment
Interview questions
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Ethical Theory
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Parable of the Sadhu
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Parable of the Sadhu
What would you have done?
Are there any good solutions?
• How would we compare solutions?
What is the best way to decide the right
course of action?
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Moral Imagination
An ability to imaginatively discern various
possibilities for acting in a given situation
and to envision the potential help and harm
that are likely to result from a given action.
This is a SKILL!
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Is this an ethical issue?
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Rest: 4 stage model of EDM
Moral awareness
moral judgment
moral intent
moral behavior
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3 C’s
Controlled
Conscious
Cognitive
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A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer.
There was one drug that the doctors thought might save
her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same
town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to
make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the
drug cost him to produce. He paid $200 for the radium and
charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick
woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to
borrow the money, but he could only get together about
$1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist
that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or
let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered
the drug and I'm going to make money from it.”
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Heinz Dilemma
So Heinz got desperate and broke into the
man's store to steal the drug for his wife.
Should Heinz have broken into the
store to steal the drug for his wife?
Why or why not?
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Stages 1 & 2
Obedience
• Heinz should not steal the medicine because he will consequently be
put in prison which will mean he is a bad person.
• Heinz should steal the medicine because it is only worth $200 and not
how much the druggist wanted for it; Heinz had even offered to pay for it
and was not stealing anything else.
Self-interest
• Heinz should steal the medicine because he will be much happier if he
saves his wife, even if he will have to serve a prison sentence.
• Heinz should not steal the medicine because prison is an awful place,
and he would probably languish over a jail cell more than his wife's
death.
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Stages 3 & 4
Conformity
• Heinz should steal the medicine because his wife expects it; he wants to be a
good husband.
• Heinz should not steal the drug because stealing is bad and he is not a
criminal; he tried to do everything he could without breaking the law, you
cannot blame him.
Law-and-order
• Heinz should not steal the medicine because the law prohibits stealing,
making it illegal.
• Heinz should steal the drug for his wife but also take the prescribed
punishment for the crime as well as paying the druggist what he is owed.
Criminals cannot just run around without regard for the law; actions have
consequences.
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Stages 5 & 6
Human rights
• Heinz should steal the medicine because everyone has a right to choose life,
regardless of the law.
• Heinz should not steal the medicine because the scientist has a right to fair
compensation. Even if his wife is sick, it does not make his actions right.
Universal human ethics
• Heinz should steal the medicine, because saving a human life is a more
fundamental value than the property rights of another person.
• Heinz should not steal the medicine, because others may need the medicine
just as badly, and their lives are equally significant.
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Who cares about my stage?!
Your stage matters!
Problem-solving changes in your 20s-30s
Specific educational attempts to influence
awareness
Behavior is influenced by moral perception and
moral judgments
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3 C’s
Controlled
Conscious
Cognitive
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Can the 3 C’s explain everything?
Julie and Mark are brother and sister. They are
traveling together in France on summer vacation from
college. One night they are staying alone in a cabin
near the beach. They decided that it would be
interesting and fun if they tried making love. At the very
least it would be a new experience for each of them.
Julie was already taking birth control, and Mark used a
condom just to be safe. They both enjoy it, but decided
not to do it again. They keep that night as a special
secret, which makes them feel even closer.
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Can this explain it?
Moral awareness
moral judgment
moral intent
moral behavior
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Gut reactions!!
Emotion
Judgment & Behavior
Cognition
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Decision-making
Often outside of our awareness
The effect of “primes” in research
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Moral stages don’t stop
dilemmas from occurring…
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Trolley problem
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Ethical Dilemmas = Tension
Rules vs. results
Means vs. ends
The good vs. the right
Principle vs. practicality
The needs of many vs. the rights of the few
(or the one)
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Ethical Lenses
The battle between rules, rights,
relationships and reputation
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T. L. Ceranic
Business & Society
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Rights/Responsibilities Lens
(duties)
Emphasizes DUTY
Consequences play a minor role
• Plato
• Immanuel Kant
Focuses on the ideals (whether through Nature or
God) that we as people should seek.
Deontology
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Relationship Lens (fair systems)
Seeks justice and to care for those less
fortunate
• John Rawls
Deontology
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Results Lens (goals)
Focuses on individual results, goals and
what makes individuals happy.
• Adam Smith
• Jeremy Bentham
• John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism/Teleological
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Reputation Lens (virtues)
Focuses on what virtues are valued by the community
and that those in positions of responsibility should
cultivate.
What makes us responsible and
virtuous citizens within our workplace/community?
• Aristotle
• Alisdair MacIntyre.
Utilitarian/Teleological
Virtue ethics
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Utilitarianism (GREY)
Advantages
• Maximization of the good
• “Easy” decision process
• Popular
Disadvantages
• Measurement
• The means
• Individual rights
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The Little Carefree Car!
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Formalism (BLACK/WHITE)
Advantages
• Protects the means
• Protects individual rights
• Morally more appealing
Disadvantages
• Inflexible
• Impractical
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T. L. Ceranic
Business & Society (ETLW
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302)
So what Lens are you?
Did it reflect your decision making?
Strengths & gifts?
Blind spots & temptations?
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Why is this important?
To understand how we make decisions
To understand multiple positions
To uncover biases
To create powerful and effective responses
To generate options
To make ethical decisions
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Student Privileges with Strings
Attached
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All individuals are morally
autonomous beings with the power
and right to choose their values, but it
DOES NOT follow that all choices
and all value systems have an equal
claim to be called ethical.
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Ethical Relativism
When in Rome…
This makes ethics only a matter of opinion
Denies that we can make rational or objective
ethical judgments
No right or wrong
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“Relative” harassment?
A male manager tells a female job applicant she will
only be hired if she submits to his sexual advances.
The manager feels the behavior is fine and the
woman feels it’s wrong.
According to the relativist:
• Each opinion is equally valid.
• Everyone is entitled to their own opinion.
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Every one is NOT entitled to their
own opinion!
Especially @ work
Ethics v. morals…
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Next class
Organizational culture
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