Virtue Vice and Virtue in Everyday Life Chapter 5 Happiness and the Virtues, Aristotle ► Happiness is the highest of all practical goods. ► Three types of life: pleasure, political, and contemplative. ► True happiness is virtuous activity of the soul. Aristotle ► Virtue has to do with our actions and our feelings. ► The Doctrine of the Mean ► Happiness is not the same thing as amusement. ► Happiness and contemplation Virtue and the Human Soul, Augustine ► Man’s chief good is happiness. ► The chief good of the body is the soul. ► Virtue perfects the soul. ► In following God we live well and are happy. The Art of Living, Epictetus ► What is truly under our control? ► Desires are dangerous. ► All of us must play our assigned parts. ► We must despise what is not up to us. The World of Epictetus, Stockdale ► Stockdale’s captivity in Viet Nam ► Education should illuminate values. ► Integrity is essential. ► Life is not fair. ► Entering the world of Epictetus ► Theatrics Virtue or Duty? Mayo ► Neither universalizability nor maximizing happiness is the basic moral issue. ► The basic moral question is Aristotle’s: “What kind of person shall I be?” ► The unity of character ► Heroes and saints give us an example to follow. Tradition and the Virtues, MacIntyre ► Humans are essentially story-telling animals. ► The unity of a life ► My history and roles constitute my moral starting points. ► Virtues sustain traditions. The Ethics of Virtue, Rachels ► Should we return to the ethics of virtue? ► An explanation of the ethics of virtue ► Some particular virtues: courage, honesty, generosity, loyalty ► The importance of the virtues ► Pros and cons of virtue ethics Of Justice and Beneficence, Adam Smith ► There is a connection between our moral sentiments and moral virtue. ► Justice should be compelled. ► Lack of benevolence is blameworthy, but not punishable. ► Consciousness of merit The Origin of the Moral Sense, Darwin ► Animals with social instincts will probably acquire a moral sense. ► Social instincts are the source of the moral sense. The Parable of the Sadhu, Bowen McCoy ► The story of the ascent and the discovery of the sadhu ► The individual ethic and the corporate ethic ► Assumption of responsibility ► The lesson of the sadhu for all of us