Chapter 4
Science and Mathematics
Courses
MATHEMATICS
Time Spent in
Elementary
Mathematics
Instruction
Original Data for Slide 5
(not for presentation)
Table 4.1
Frequency with Which Self-Contained Elementary Classes
Receive Science and Mathematics Instruction, by Subject
Percent of Classes
Mathematics
Grades K–3
All/Most days, every week
99 (0.4)
Three or fewer days, every week
1 (0.3)
Some weeks, but not every week
1 (0.3)
Grades 4–6
All/Most days, every week
98 (0.9)
Three or fewer days, every week
2 (0.9)
Some weeks, but not every week
0 ---†
†
No grades 4–6 teachers in the sample selected this response option. Thus, it is not possible to
calculate the standard error of this estimate.
Frequency with Which Self-Contained Elementary
Classes Receive Mathematics Instruction
Percent of Classes
100
99
98
80
60
40
20
0
1
1
Grades K–3
All/Most days, every week
Some weeks, but not every week
2
0
Grades 4–6
Three or fewer days, every week
Original Data for Slide 7
(not for presentation)
Table 4.2
Average Number of Minutes per Day Spent
Teaching Each Subject in Self-Contained Classes,† by Grades
Number of Minutes
Grades K–3
Grades 4–6
Reading/Language Arts
Mathematics
Science
Social Studies
†
89
54
19
16
(1.7)
(1.0)
(0.5)
(0.4)
83
61
24
21
(2.2)
(1.4)
(0.9)
(0.8)
Only teachers who indicated they teach reading/language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies
to one class of students were included in these analyses.
Average Number of Minutes Spent Teaching
Subjects in Self-Contained Classes, by Grades
100
89
83
Number of
Minutes
80
61
54
60
40
19
20
24
16
0
Grades K–3
Grades 4–6
Reading/Language Arts
Mathematics
Science
Social Studies
21
Mathematics
Course Offerings
Original Data for Slide 10
(not for presentation)
Table 4.9
Middle Schools with Various Percentages of 8th Graders
Completing Algebra 1 and Geometry Prior to 9th Grade
Percent of Schools
Algebra 1
Geometry
0 percent
25 (3.5)
72 (2.5)
1–10 percent
4 (1.0)
13 (1.4)
11–20 percent
10 (1.7)
7 (1.4)
21–30 percent
14 (1.7)
2 (0.5)
31–40 percent
11 (2.4)
3 (1.9)
41–50 percent
9 (2.3)
2 (1.0)
51–60 percent
7 (2.1)
2 (0.9)
61–70 percent
4 (1.5)
0 ---†
71–80 percent
6 (1.9)
1 (0.5)
81–90 percent
2 (0.9)
0 ---†
Over 90 percent
9 (1.8)
0 (0.1)
†
No middle schools in the sample were in this category. Thus, it is not possible to
calculate the standard error of this estimate
Middle Schools with Percentages of 8th Grade Students
Completing Algebra 1 and Geometry Prior to 9th Grade
Percent of Schools
80
72
60
40
25
20
21
26
28
20
5
2
0
Algebra 1
0 percent
1–25 percent
Geometry
26–50 percent
Over 50 percent
Original Data for Slides 12–14
(not for presentation)
Table 4.10
Average Percentage of 8th Graders Completing
Algebra I and Geometry Prior to 9th Grade, by Equity Factors
Percent of 8th Grade Students
Algebra 1
Geometry
Percent of Students in School Eligible for FRL
Lowest Quartile
Second Quartile
Third Quartile
Highest Quartile
School Size
Smallest Schools
Second Group
Third Group
Largest Schools
Community Type
Rural
Suburban
Urban
Region
Midwest
Northeast
South
West
46
26
31
28
(6.1)
(4.5)
(5.9)
(3.9)
13
2
2
6
(3.4)
(0.6)
(0.8)
(1.9)
33
34
39
42
(4.6)
(4.1)
(4.0)
(3.1)
4
7
5
5
(1.4)
(2.3)
(1.8)
(0.7)
27
38
42
(4.4)
(3.2)
(4.7)
3
5
7
(1.7)
(1.5)
(1.9)
31
42
27
46
(4.4)
(6.2)
(3.4)
(6.3)
4
7
4
6
(1.5)
(2.9)
(1.4)
(2.2)
Percent of 8th Grade Students
8th Grade Students Completing Algebra 1 and Geometry Prior
to 9th Grade, by Percentage of Students in School Eligible for
Free/Reduced-Price Lunch
100
80
60
46
40
31
26
20
28
13
2
2
6
0
Lowest Poverty
Schools
Second Quartile
Algebra I
Third Quartile
Geometry
Highest Poverty
Schools
8th Grade Students Completing Algebra 1 and
Geometry Prior to 9th Grade, by School Size
Percent of 8th Grade Students
100
80
60
40
34
33
42
39
20
4
7
5
5
0
Smallest Schools
Second Group
Algebra I
Third Group
Geometry
Largest Schools
8th Grade Students Completing Algebra 1 and
Geometry Prior to 9th Grade, by Community Type
Percent of 8th Grade Students
100
80
60
42
38
40
27
20
5
3
7
0
Rural
Suburban
Algebra I
Geometry
Urban
Original Data for Slide 16
(not for presentation)
Table 4.11
High Schools Offering Various Mathematics Courses
Percent of Schools
Non-college prep (e.g., Remedial Math, General Math, Consumer Math)
Formal/College-prep Level 1 (e.g., Algebra 1, Integrated Math 1)
Formal/College-prep Level 2 (e.g., Geometry, Integrated Math 2)
Formal/College-prep Level 3 (e.g., Algebra 2, Algebra and Trigonometry)
Formal/College-prep Level 4 (e.g., Pre-Calculus, Algebra 3)
Courses that might qualify for college credit (e.g., AP Calculus, AP Statistics)
78
99
90
94
85
76
(3.2)
(0.7)
(3.7)
(3.5)
(3.8)
(4.0)
High Schools Offering Various
Mathematics Courses
99
100
Percent of Schools
80
90
94
85
78
76
60
40
20
0
Non-college
Prep
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
College
Level
Original Data for Slide 18
(not for presentation)
Table 4.12
Access to AP Mathematics Courses
Percent of High
Schools Offering
AP Calculus AB
AP Statistics
AP Calculus BC
52
27
23
(3.5)
(2.1)
(2.5)
Percent of High School
Students with Access
81
59
47
(1.6)
(1.9)
(2.1)
Access to AP Mathematics Courses
100
81
80
60
59
52
47
AP Calculus AB
AP Statistics
40
27
23
20
0
Percent High Schools Offering Percent High School Students
with Access
AP Calculus BC
Original Data for Slide 20
(not for presentation)
Table 4.13
Number of AP Mathematics
Courses Offered at High Schools
Percent of Schools†
0 courses
49 (3.5)
1 course
20 (2.6)
2 courses
17 (2.7)
3 courses
14 (1.3)
†
Only schools that responded about each AP mathematics
course are included in this analysis.
Number of AP Mathematics Courses
Offered at High Schools
60
Percent of Schools
49
40
20
20
17
14
0
0 courses
1 course
2 courses
3 courses
Original Data for Slides 22–24
(not for presentation)
Table 4.14
Average Number of AP Mathematics Courses
Offered at High Schools, by Equity Factors
Average Number of Courses
Percent of Students in School Eligible for FRL
Lowest Quartile
Second Quartile
Third Quartile
Highest Quartile
School Size
Smallest Schools
Second Group
Third Group
Largest Schools
Community Type
Rural
Suburban
Urban
Region
Midwest
Northeast
South
West
1.4
1.1
0.8
0.7
(0.2)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.1)
0.6
0.9
1.6
2.1
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
0.6
1.2
1.3
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.2)
0.8
1.3
1.0
1.0
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(0.1)
Average Number of Courses
Average Number of AP Mathematics Courses Offered at
High Schools, by Percentage of Students in School
Eligible for Free/Reduced-Price Lunch
2.5
2
1.5
1.4
1.1
1
0.8
0.7
0.5
0
Lowest Poverty Second Quartile
Third Quartile
Highest Poverty
Schools
Schools
Quartile of Schools Based on Percentage of Students Eligible for
Free/Reduced-Price Lunch
Average Number of AP Mathematics Courses
Offered at High Schools, by School Size
Average Number of Courses
2.5
2.1
2
1.6
1.5
0.9
1
0.6
0.5
0
Smallest Schools Second Group
Third Group
Largest Schools
Quartile of Schools Based on School Size
Average Number of AP Science Courses
Offered at High Schools, by Community Type
Average Number of Courses
2.5
2
1.5
1.2
1.3
1
0.6
0.5
0
Rural
Suburban
Community Type
Urban
Original Data for Slides 26–27
(not for presentation)
Table 4.15
Mathematics Programs and Practices
Currently Being Implemented in High Schools
Percent of Schools
Calculus courses (beyond pre-Calculus) offered this school year or in alternating years, on or off
site
Probability and/or statistics course offered
Concurrent credit/dual enrollment courses offered this school year or in alternating years
Algebra 1 course offered over two years or as two separate block courses (e.g., Algebra A and
Algebra B)
Students go to a college or university for mathematics courses
Mathematics courses offered by telecommunications
Students go to a Career and Technical Education Center for mathematics instruction
Students go to another K–12 school for mathematics courses
76
41
40
(3.5)
(3.0)
(3.4)
37
31
24
11
5
(3.7)
(3.0)
(3.3)
(1.6)
(2.3)
Mathematics Programs and Practices
Currently Being Implemented at High Schools
Calculus courses offered, on or off site
76
Probability and/or statistics courses offered
41
Concurrent credit/dual enrollment courses
40
Algebra 1 courses offered over 2 years or 2
separate block courses
37
0
20
40
60
Percent of Schools
80
100
Mathematics Programs and Practices
Currently Being Implemented at High Schools
Students go to college or university for
instruction
31
Mathematics courses offered by
telecommunications
24
Students go to a Career or Technical
Education Center for instruction
11
Students go to another K–12 school for
instruction
5
0
20
40
60
Percent of Schools
80
100
Other
Characteristics of
Mathematics
Classes
Original Data for Slide 30
(not for presentation)
Table 4.19
Prior-Achievement Grouping in Classes, by Subject and Grade Range
Elementary
Mathematics Classes
Mostly low achievers
Mostly average achievers
Mostly high achievers
A mixture of levels
12
35
9
45
(1.0)
(1.6)
(0.9)
(1.5)
Percent of Classes
Middle
27
24
24
26
(1.8)
(1.8)
(1.7)
(1.8)
High
24
28
26
22
(1.1)
(1.5)
(1.1)
(1.1)
Prior Achievement Grouping in
Mathematics Classes, by Grade Range
Percent of Classes
60
45
40
35
27
20
12
24 24 26
28 26
24
22
9
0
Elementary
Middle
High
Mostly low achievers
Mostly average achievers
Mostly high achievers
A mixture of levels
Original Data for Slides 32–33
(not for presentation)
Table 4.23
Average Percentages of Female and Non-Asian Minority
Students in Courses, by Grade Range and Course Type
Mathematics
Non-Asian
Female
Minority
Grades
Elementary
Middle
High
High School Mathematics Courses
Non-college prep
Formal/College-prep Level 1
Formal/College-prep Level 2
Formal/College-prep Level 3
Formal/College-prep Level 4
Courses that might qualify for college credit
47
48
48
(0.5)
(0.6)
(0.7)
40
37
31
(1.5)
(1.8)
(1.1)
42
48
50
51
48
48
(1.4)
(1.1)
(1.5)
(1.4)
(2.1)
(1.7)
45
39
31
27
22
17
(3.3)
(2.2)
(2.0)
(2.3)
(2.0)
(2.0)
Average Percentage of Female Students in High
School Mathematics Courses, by Course Type
100
Average Percent
of Students
80
60
42
48
50
51
48
48
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
College
Level
40
20
0
Non-college
Prep
Average Percentage of Historically Underrepresented
Students in High School Mathematics Courses, by Course
Type
Average Percent of Students
100
80
60
45
40
39
31
27
22
20
17
0
Non-college
Prep
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
College
Level