“The North may have won the war, but the
South won the peace.”
- Samuel Eliot Morrison, historian
“Then came this battle called the Civil War,
beginning in Kansas in 1854, and ending with
the presidential elections of 1876, twenty awful
years. The slave went free, stood for a brief
moment in the sun, then moved back again
toward slavery. The whole weight of America
was thrown to color caste."
- W.E.B. DuBois, African-American leader
Black Codes
• Southern politicians against full political and legal
rights
• Ensured availability of subservient agricultural labor
supply controlled by whites
• Restricted blacks from loitering or vagrancy, using
alcohol or firearms, hunting, fishing, and raising
livestock
• Did permit marriages, purchase of property, testify
in court
• “Conceded – just barely – freedom to blacks”
Racial Etiquette
How black and white people dealt with each other in
their day-to-day affairs.
Blacks shall not: shake hands with whites, look whites
in the eye, use the front door at a white house, or look
at a white woman
A black man in Mississippi observed, “You couldn’t
smile at a white woman. If you did you’d be hung from
a limb.” It was a serious offense if a black male
touched a white woman, even inadvertently.
Blacks were supposed to: stare at the ground when
addressing whites, remove their hats in the presence
of whites
Jim Crow Laws
• State and local laws enacted between 1876
and 1965
• Mandated de jure segregation in all public
facilities
– With supposedly "separate but equal" status
The Jim Crow Era
• most cruel wave of "racial" suppression ever in America
Between 1890 and 1940, millions of African Americans were
disfranchised, killed, and brutalized.
According to newspaper records kept at the Tuskegee Institute,
about 5,000 men, women, and children were murdered in documented
extrajudicial mob violence —called “lynchings”
journalist Ida Wells estimated that lynchings not reported by media
may have amounted to about 20,000 killings.
• fewer than 50 whites were ever indicted for their crimes, and only four
sentenced.
• lynchings were used as a weapon of terror to keep millions of AfricanAmericans living in a constant state of anxiety and fear.
• From 1890 to 1908, ten of 11 Southern states adopted new
constitutions or amendments that disfranchised most blacks
• Poll taxes, residency requirements and literacy tests
dramatically decreased black voter registration and turnout
• the White South positioned itself as a “private club”
•
instituted “white primaries”
• By 1910 one-party white rule was firmly established across the
South.
Birth of a Nation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEznh2JZvrI&feature=rel
ated
–
–
–
–
14:10 to 15:20
1:54:00 to 1:56:30
1:57:50 to 1:54:15
2:10:15 to 2:12:25
• The goal of the revived KKK in the 20s was
A) repeal the political rights of African-Americans
B) intimidate labor unions, Catholics, Jews and
blacks
C) combat communism and anarchism
D) promote economic rights of white women
• Which of the following was NOT true
concerning the KKK
A) Reached its peak of power in the 20s
B) Heavily influenced the politics of several midWestern states
C) Exercised power only in Southern states
D) Used keagling to recruit new members
Strange Fruit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4ZyuULy9z
s
• Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_X5X0eogmN0&featur
e=related 6 mins
Harlem Renaissance
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LagPOV_QeE8 stop at
5:00
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehprXnIP7X0&feature=re
lated stop at 2:15
Maple Leaf Rag
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57DCa6cboHA&continue_action=o7q
wX0fx7NdIiFym1yu_ey0qgcdDpcprBRWGt0oDUg5d6dHWC8bkqXo1vrMw3
eKJ70g1U6l3Kjugr6uMcBW3fezvOa0tf-A1qv8ZUS5P00Y
• A huge hit by Scott Joplin – the “ragtime”
song
Jelly Roll Blues
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zt203us6T
ME
• by Jelly Roll Morton
– The first Jazz arrangement ever published
West End Blues
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5Hbh_IRs8
• by Louis Armstrong – “the most perfect three
minutes of music ever recorded”
Jazz (8:55-12)
Burns’ New York: Cosmopolis (1918-1931),
episode 5 Amazon instant 28:05-32:05
St. Louis Blues
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Us30o0Za
kKo
• No one has ever sung the Blues better than
Bessie Smith – “the Empress of Blues”
Take the A Train
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cb2w2m1
JmCY
• Duke Ellington’s signature tune: an example
of the swing style
Yardbird Suite
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmroWIc
CNUI
• Saxophone solo by Charlie Parker. This
bebop tune would change jazz forever.
So What
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEC8nqT6
Rrk
• From “Kind of Blue” by Miles Davis – the best
selling jazz album of all time
• The Springfield Race Riot of 1908
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=As8W
bSGKpcM stop at 2:00
The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQvFlEZU6s&feature=related 0:00 – 1:18;
3:30 – 4:15
Marcus Garvey
http://www.
youtube.com/
watch?v=EAI_
xHY6yWo
stop at 3:02
• Nation of Islam
• Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
– A. Philip Randolph