(1812-1888)
Published A Book of Nonsense
(1846) when he was thirty-four.
• Professionally, Lear was an illustrator
•He was recognized for his drawings of birds,
•He wrote and illustrated several journals during his European travels,
•He acted for a while as Queen Victoria's drawing master at Osborne House.
• The public did not know who the author was until his name appeared on the title page of the 1861 enlarged edition.
• Lear lived to see thirty more editions printed before he died.

1846
There was an Old Derry down Derry, who loved to see little folks merry;
So he made them a Book, and with laughter they shook
At the fun of that Derry down Derry.

Although his name became famous from his nonsense books, many people didn’t believe he existed.

Owl and the Pussycat
1871
T he Owl and the Pussy-cat went to sea
In a beautiful pea green boat,
They took some honey, and plenty of money,
Wrapped up in a five pound note.
The Owl looked up to the stars above,
And sang to a small guitar,
'O lovely Pussy! O Pussy my love,
What a beautiful Pussy you are,
You are,
You are!
What a beautiful Pussy you are!'

Owl and the Pussycat
1871
II
Pussy said to the Owl, 'You elegant fowl!
How charmingly sweet you sing!
O let us be married! too long we have tarried:
But what shall we do for a ring?'
They sailed away, for a year and a day,
To the land where the Bongtree grows
And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood
With a ring at the end of his nose,
His nose,
His nose,
With a ring at the end of his nose.

Owl and the Pussycat
1871
III
Dear pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling
Your ring?' Said the Piggy, 'I will.'
So they took it away, and were married next day
By the Turkey who lives on the hill.
They dined on mince, and slices of quince,
Which they ate with a runcible spoon;
And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand,
They danced by the light of the moon,
The moon,
The moon,
They danced by the light of the moon.

Drawings such as this one demonstrate Lear’s artistic capabilities from Journals of a Landscape Painter in Southern Calabria and the Kingdom of
Naples (1852)
“Scilla”

Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots
42 lithographs with original hand-color
Published only 125 sets.
Changed the history of natural history illustration from engraving to lithography.
“Lear worked in great detail, outlining every feather and filling in the details with fine lines. This scientific accuracy extended to every part of the bird, from the beak to the claws.” from Christine
Jackson’s Bird Illustrators

Zoological
Illustrations from Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or
Parrots
Scarlet-collared
Parakeet
( Trychoglossus rubritorquis )

• The most important purpose is the delight of nonsense for its own sake.
• Its principal value is that people who read and appreciate nonsense are better equipped to cope with the madness of the modern world, especially as reported via the print and electronic media.
(Kenneth Gangemi)
• The purpose of nonsense is to give young children a sense of self-assurance as they feel able to distinguish between sense and nonsense.
(Kornei Chukovsky. From Two to Five.
1963)
• Nonsense offers that ability to confront without consequence the more weighty problems of life
(Donald Grey
171)

• Lewis Carrol’s nonsense poem found in Through the Looking-Glass, and
What Alice Found There
(1871) is generally considered to be one of the greatest nonsense poems written in the
English language.
• The word “jabberwocky” is also occasionally used as a synonym of nonsense.

'Twas brillig , and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe ;
All mimsy were the borogoves ,
And the mome raths outgrabe .
"Beware the Jabberwock , my son!
The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun
The frumious Bandersnatch !"
He took his vorpal sword in hand:
Long time the manxome foe he sought —
So rested he by the Tumtum tree,
And stood awhile in thought.
And as in uffish thought he stood,
The Jabberwock , with eyes of flame,
Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,
And burbled as it came!
One, two! One, two! and through and through
The vorpal blade went snicker-snack !
He left it dead, and with its head
He went galumphing back.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGCJFFxoHJ4
"And hast thou slain the Jabberwock ?
Come to my arms, my beamish boy!
O frabjous day! Callooh ! Callay !"
He chortled in his joy.
'Twas brillig , and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe ;
All mimsy were the borogoves ,
And the mome raths outgrabe .

• What is a “good” child like?
• What are some things that children should not do?
• Who makes the rules that children are supposed to follow?

• Rules from parents
• Rules at school
• Religious guidelines
• Peer pressure
• Laws of propriety
(socially acceptable behavior)
– Fashion
– language/behavior
– Selfishness/selflessness
– Behavior toward opposite sex

• gives a feeling of power when readers identify with characters who break the rules.
• challenges the norms and conventions of society by testing them
• provides a site for humor

• Why is there so much?
• Why do people love humor?
• Why do children love humor?

Three theories about why we find things funny.
1. Superiority (Aristotle)
2. Incongruity (Hutcheson)
3. Release from Social
Constraint (Freud)

• We laugh when other people look foolish because it make us feel superior.
• The laugher looks down on what he laughs at.
• Enjoyment of other people’s mistakes
• When the Dodo wants to be respected, but when uses big words but obviously doesn’t really know what he’s talking about, he looks foolish.

We laugh when we notice the incongruity, when something doesn’t match the expectation.
The noticing is more important than the actual incongruity.
• A very short and fat man holding hands with a very tall, thin woman.
• A very sophisticated-looking person acts silly
• Exaggeration & Surprise
• Seeing a white rabbit with a waistcoat and a watch, and not thinking it odd, at first.

We laugh when social rules are broken.
• Being shockingly crude. Bad language.
• Scatological humor: Poopoo peepee.
• A lot of sexual humor
• Defiance & Violence sometimes (It’s not funny if anyone we care about really gets hurt).
• The violence in the Duchess’s house.
– “Speak roughly to your little boy
– And beat him when he sneezes.”

• What did you find funny?
• Or what do you think is intended to be humorous?
• Explain why you think it’s funny.