Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009
Protection Application – An Overview
Part 2A
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 1
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 2
Layouts
Typical Parts of a Power Plant
Substation
Busbar in Substation
HV - Breaker
Power plant
Main Transformer
Auxiliary Transformer
Generator Breaker
Excitation Transformer
Excitation System
Turbine valve
Turbine - Generator
Earthing System
G
Field Circuit Breaker
Generator
Protection
Possible Faults

Stator Earth Faults

Rotor Earth Faults

Stator Short Circuits

Stator/Rotor Interturn faults

External faults
Generator
Protection
Abnormal Operating Condition

overcurrent/overload

unbalanced load

overtemperature

over- and undervoltage

over- and underexcitation

over- and underfrequency

over-fluxing

asynchronous running

out of step

generator motoring

failures in the machine control system
(i.e. AVR or governor failure)

failures in the machine cooling system

failures in the primary equipment (i.e.
breaker head flashover)

open phase
• Following are the various protections recommended for the generator
and generator transformer protection:
Type of fault
GENERATOR
STATOR
Short Circuits
Asymmetry
Stator overload
Earth fault stator
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 6
ANSI Device Protection Functions
No.
87G
87GT
21G
51 / 27 G
46G
51G
64G1
64G2
Generator differential
Overall differential
Minimum impedance (or alternatively
Over current / under voltage)
Negative sequence
Overload
95% stator earth fault
100% stator earth fault
Loss of excitation
40G
Out of step
Monitoring
98G
32G / 37G
Blade fatigue
Inter turn fault
Mag. Circuits
Higher voltage
Accidental
energisation
Monitoring
81G
95G
99G
59G
27 / 50 G
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 7
60 G
Loss of excitation
Pole slip
Low forward power / reverse power
(double protection for large generators)
Minimum frequency
Over voltage or over current
Overfluxing volt / Hz
Over voltage
Dead machine
PT fuse failure
GENERATOR
ROTOR
Rotor ground
GENERATOR
TRANSFORMER
Short Circuits
Ground fault
Overhang
UNIT AUXILIARY
TRANSFORMER
Short circuit
Ground fault
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 8
64F
Rotor earth fault
87GT
51GT
87T
51NGT
87NT
87HV
Overall differential
Overcurrent
Transformer differential
Earth fault over-current
Restricted earth fault
HV winding cum overhang differential
87 UAT
51 UAT
51 UAT
64 UAT
Transformer differential
Over-current
Restricted over-current
Restricted earth fault
50/51
Unit aux.
transformer
64F
Field winding
ground-fault
RAGRA
(RXNB4)
1) Instruments
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 9
Protection
and Monitoring
REG 670 – Different applications
REG 670 provides extensive
protection and monitoring functionality

1ph U
3ph U
The REG 670 provides protection functions and
concepts for:

Turbine (frequency, reverse power)

Generator (Main1/Main2, Main/Back-up)

Generator transformer/Step-up transformer

Auxiliary/Station service transformer

Excitation transformer
3ph I
1ph U
G
1ph I
3ph I
1ph U
REG 670 focus on the
optimized integration and function
to protect your generator
IEC 61850
A Breakthrough for Substation Automation

One world

One technology

One standard
IEC 61850
“Combining the best properties in a new way...”
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 12
Power transformers in a power system
400 kV AC Transmission
130 kV Subtransmission
Generation
MV
Distribution
LV
M
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 13
315MVA Transformer
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 14
Cooling

Outer Ci rcui t
H eat
D i ssi pati on
Pump
opti onal
I nner Ci rcui t
Heat
Producti on

(Core and
Wi ndi ngs)

F an
opti onal
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 15
Oi l i mmersed
Tank
In principle the larger the losses in the Inner
Circuit the larger the size of the Outer Circuit
(coolers or radiators)
There is nevertheless a limit either due to
the size of the coolers or to the impossibility
of cooling a certain spot (hot-spot) in the
Inner Circuit
A pump to move the oil is often
unnecessary. The generated heat will act as
a siphon
Types of Internal Faults
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 16

Earth faults

Short-circuits

Inter turn Faults

Core Faults

Tank Faults

Reduced cooling
Abnormal Conditions
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 17

Overload

Over voltage

Reduced system voltage

Over excitation
Overload Capability

It is possible to overload power transformers

Older transformers may withstand 140% continuously

Overloading and loss of cooling causes overheating
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 18
Protective Relays Used ( Transformers > 5 MVA)

Gas detector relay ( Buchholz)

Over load protection

Thermal relays

Temperature monitoring relays

Over current protection

Ground fault protection

Differential protection

Interturn faults

Pressure relay for tap changer

Oil level monitor
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 19
Protective Relays Used ( Transformers < 5
MVA)

Gas detector relay

Overload protection

Overcurrent protection

Ground fault protection
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 20
Monitors
Monitors are very important devices which detect
faults and abnormal service conditions which may
develop into fault.
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 21
Transformer Monitors


Mechanical fault detectors

Sudden gas pressure protection

Buchholz protection

Oil level monitoring
Temperature Monitoring
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 22

The oil thermometer

The winding thermometer
Transformer protection with 670/650 series
Introduction
Transformer Protection
670/650 series
Openness
and flexibility
Reliable Operation
Complementary
functionality
Control Capabilities
Communication
Offering and
application examples
Technology Summary
Relion®
Summary
© ABB Group
November 2009
| Slide 23

670 series – optimized for generation
and transmission applications provide
versatile functionality, maximum
flexibility and performance to meet
the highest requirements of any
application in generation and
transmission protection systems.

650 series – your best choice for subtransmission applications provide
“off-the-shelf”, ready to use solutions
for transformer protection
applications primarily in subtransmission networks.
Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard
Introduction
Line Distance Protection
670/650 series
Reliable Operation
Complementary
functionality
Control Capabilities
Communication
Offering and
application examples
Technology Summary
Relion®
Summary
© ABB Group
November 2009
| Slide 24

Unrivalled compatibility for new and
retrofit installations

Designed for IEC 61850,
implementing the core values of this
standard

Ensures open, future-proof and
flexible system architectures, with
state-of-the-art performance

Interoperates with other IEC 61850
compliant IEDs
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 25
The reactor absorbs the capacitive power
generated in long lines
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 26
Shunt Reactor
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 27
A B C
A B C
L
R
Lp
Lp
Ln
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 28
Lp
General


Shunt reactors are used in EHV systems to limit
the over voltages due to capacitive VAR
generation in Long Transmission Lines
The shunt reactors are normally connected

Through isolators to a line

Through circuit breakers to a busbar

© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 29
Through circuit breakers to the tertiary of a
Interconnecting transformer
Different locations of reactor
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 30
Internal Faults
Faults occur in shunt reactors due to insulation breakdown, ageing
of insulation, overheating due to over excitation, oil contamination
and leakage
Dry air-core reactors


Phase-to-phase faults , resulting in high magnitude phase
current

Phase-to-earth faults ,, resulting in a low-magnitude earth-fault
current, dependent upon the size of the system earthing.

Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor bank, resulting in a very
small change in phase current
Oil-immersed reactors

High current phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults.

Turn-to-turn faults within the reactor winding.

Miscellaneous failures such as loss of cooling or low oil
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 31
Abnormal Conditions

Inrush currents

Inrush currents flow in connection with energisation

Inrush currents usually lower than 200% of rated
current

Transient overvoltages

Temporary overvoltages
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 32
Shunt Reactor Protections
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 33

Differential protection

Distance protection

Phase over current protection

Restricted earth fault protection

Mechanical fault detectors

Oil temperature and winding temperature
protection
Monitors
Monitors are very important devices which detect
faults and abnormal service conditions which may
develop into fault.
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 34
Reactor Monitors


Mechanical fault detectors

Sudden gas pressure protection

Buchholz protection

Oil level monitoring
Temperature Monitoring
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 35

The oil thermometer

The winding thermometer
Shunt reactor protection and control
Introduction
Transformer Protection
670/650 series
Openness
and flexibility
Reliable Operation
Complementary
functionality
Control Capabilities
Communication
Offering and
application examples
Technology Summary
Relion®
Summary


© ABB Group
November 2009
| Slide 36
Protection

Phase segregated biased
differential protection

Low impedance restricted
earth-fault

High impedance differential
protection
Switching control for lines
and buses
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 37
Capacitor Construction
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 38
Power Factor Correction
Working Power (kW)
Reactive Power (kVAR)

KW is the Working Power component

kVAR is the Non- Working Power or Reactive Power component to serve inductive loads, which require magnetizing current:
Motors, Transformers, Lighting ballast

KVA is the Total Power required to serve a load

Capacitors supply the reactive power component

Power Factor is a measurement of how efficiently power is being used.
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 39
Increased System Capacity
Extra capacity for more KVA
released system capacity
Total Power (KVA) = Working Power (KW)  Power Factor
Power Factor
Real Power kW
Reactive Power kVAR
Total Power kVA

60%
600
800
1000
70%
600
612
857
80%
600
450
750
90%
600
291
667
100%
600
Zero
600
By supplying reactive current (kVAR) close to the load, capacitors release system
capacity on the entire system and reduce costs.
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 40
Voltage Stability

A feeder circuit will have a voltage drop related to the
impedance of the line and the power factor

Adding capacitance will actually cause a voltage rise by
supplying reactive current to the bus
(less current = less voltage drop)
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 41
Products
Capacitors – HV Products / Filter Capacitor Banks
Improving the performance, quality
and efficiency of electrical systems
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 42
Capacitor banks- General

Normally used in MV networks to generate reactive power

Series reactors are used to limit inrush current

Harmonic filters for thyristor controlled reactors are also
variation of capacitor banks having reactance tuned to
capacitance
Shunt
Capacitors-General
Shunt Capacitor Faults

Terminal shunt faults

Capacitor unit failures

Capacitor unit over voltages

Capacitor rack arc-over
Abnormal Conditions

Inrush currents

Transient over voltages

Temporary over voltages

Out rush currents
Capacitor Bank Protections

Short -circuit protection
(3I >>)

Ground-fault protection
(I )

Overload protection(3I/U >)

Under current protection
(I/U <)

Unbalance protection
(IN-N)
Fusing
Capacitor Fusing
Internally Fused
Fuse
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 48
Externally Fused
Discharge Resistor
Internal Strings
Fuseless
Conventional
SPAJ
160 C : Unbalance , Overload and
Under current functions
Bapuji S Palki, INCRC/PowerTechnologies, 15-11-2009
Protection Application – An Overview
Part 2B
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 50
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 51
The Electric Utility
Power Evacuation Substation
Transmission Substation
Switching Substation
Distribution Substation
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 52
Transmission Line
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 53
Electrical faults in the power system

Transmission lines
85%

Busbar
12%

Transformer/ Generator
3%
100%
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 54
Fault types


© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 55
Transient faults

are common on transmission lines, approximately 80-85%

lightnings are the most common reason

can also be caused by birds, falling trees, swinging lines
etc.

will disappear after a short dead interval
Persistent faults

can be caused by a broken conductor fallen down

can be a tree falling on a line

must be located and repaired before normal service
Measuring principles
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 56

Overcurrent protection

Differential protection

Phase comparison

Distance protection

Directional- wave protection
Overcurrent protection

Are normally used in radial networks with system voltage
below 70 kV where relatively long operating time is
acceptable.

On transmission lines directional or nondirectional over
current relays are used as back-up protections.
I>
block
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 57
I>
I>
I>
Pilot wire differential protection
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 58

Pilot wires can be in soil or on towers.

The resistance in the wires will limit the use on
longer lines. The use is mostly restricted to
distances up to 10 km.
Digital differential communication
L1
L2
L3
DL1
DL2
DL3
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 59
Digital communication with
optical fibres or by
multiplexed channels
DL1
DL2
DL3
Phase comparison
load
I1

>

>

Phase comparison relays compare
the angle difference between the two
currents at both ends of the line.

The measured time for zero crossing
is transmitted to the other end.

Normally a start criteria is added to
the phase angle requirement.
I2

I1 I2
e
1
e
2

e1 e
-
2
I2
func- 
tion 
I1
I2
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 60
The principle of distance protection
ZK=Uk/Ik
Uk
Uk=0
metallic fault
Zk
A
Z<
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 61
Ik
B
Fault resistance

multi-phase faults


consist only of arc resistance
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 62
L1
L1
L2
L2
L3
earth faults

consist of arc and tower

footing resistance
Warrington´s
formula
Rarc =
L3
28707 x L
1.4
I
L= length of arc in
meters
I= the actual fault current in
A
Footing resistance
Distance protection on short lines
jX

Quadrilateral characteristic improves
sensitivity for higher RF/XF ratio

It still has some limitations:

RF
XF
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 63
R
the value of set RF/XF ratio is
limited to 5
jX
Distance protection on long lines

Load impedance limits the reach in
resistive direction

High value of RF/XF ratio is generally not
necessary

Circular (mho) characteristic


R
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 64
Has no strictly defined reach in
resistive direction
Needs limitations in resistive
direction (blinder)
The principle of distance protection
t
t3
t2
t1
l
A
B
f
1
Z<
C
f
3
f
2
Z<
Z<
Z<
t
t3
t2
l
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 65
t1
The principle of distance protection

Reach setting of zones

R/ X Relation

GFC (General Fault Criterion)
GFC
ZL
ZL
Zb
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 66
PLCC equipment
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 67
Power Swing Blocking function
X
Power swing
locus
R
t
t = 40 ms
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 68
Series compensated
system
jX
B´
A
XC =70%
100%
Xl =100%
B
F1
gape flashed
Consideration for line
distance protections
B
A
70%
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 69
R
gape not flashed
• Correct direction discrim-ination
at voltage reversal (negative
fault reactance)
• variation in resulted line
impedance
Line distance protection with Relion® 670/650 series
For maximum reliability of your power system
Introduction
Line
Distance Protection
670/650
series
Reliable
Operation
Complementary
functionality
Control
Capabilities

Full scheme distance protection
with independent phase selection

Power swing detection

Wide range of scheme
communication logics

Five zone distance protection
Communication
Offering
and
application
examples
Technology
Relion®
Summary
© ABB Group
November 2009
Slide 70
Summary

Phase to phase

Phase to earth faults
Fully compliant to the IEC 61850 standard
Introduction
Line
Distance Protection
670/650
series
Reliable
Operation
Complementary

Unrivalled compatibility for new and
retrofit installations

Designed for IEC 61850,
implementing the core values of this
standard

Ensures open, future-proof and
flexible system architectures, with
state-of-the-art performance

Interoperates with other IEC 61850
compliant IEDs
functionality
Control
Capabilities
Communication
Offering
and
application
examples
Technology
Summary
Relion®
Summary
© ABB Group
November 2009
Slide 71
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 72
Auto reclosing Cycle
OH-lines
High fault-rate
(80-90%)
Fast
simultaneous
Fault clearing
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 73
AUTORECLOSING CYCLE
OH-lines
Intermittent faults
(80-90%)
Successful
AR-rate :
High (80-90%)
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 74
Auto reclosing principles

95% of faults are transient type

3 Ph autoreclosing synchrocheck is used


1 Ph autoreclosing needs identification of
faulty phase

© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 75
Helps verify phase angles are not out of phase
e.g: due to heavy power swing
Phase identification is difficult for high resistance
faults
Single-pole Reclosing
Single-Pole Reclosing
A B C
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 76
A B C
Artificial extinction of secondary arc by Fixed
Four-reactor Scheme
ABC
ABC
L
R
Lp Lp Lp
Ln
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 77
Synchronism and Energizing check
UBus
ULine
UBus
FreqDiff < 50-300 mHz
o
PhaseDiff < 5-75
UDiff < 5-50% Ur
UHigh > 50-120% Ur
U Bus
1-ph
U Line
3-ph (or 1-ph)
ULow < 10-100% Ur
SYNC-BLOCK
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 78
Fuse fail
ULine
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 79
Need for Busbar protection

In its absence fault clearance takes place in Zone-II of
distance relay by remote end tripping

This means slow and unselective tripping and wide spread
black out
Effect of delayed clearance
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 80

Greater damage at fault point

Indirect shock to connected equipments like shafts
of Generator and windings of transformer.
Types of BB Protections

High impedance

Medium impedance

Low impedance

Blockable O/C relay ( For radial systems in
distribution systems)
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 81
High impedance bus differential relay
Basic features
SETTING VR > IF ( RCT + 2 RL)
VK > 2 VR
RL
A
VR
RCT
B
FOR VR TO BE ZERO FOR
EXTERNAL FAULT
nA = nB 1 + RA / ZA
1 + RB / ZB
n = TURNS RATIO
R = RCT + 2 RL
Z = MAGNETIZING IMPEDANCE
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 82
Limitations of High impedance differential relay


© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 83
Puts stringent requirements on CTs

Need for dedicated CTs

Identical CT ratios , magnetising impedances

Aux CTs not acceptable
Inability to cope with increasing fault levels
RADSS medium
impedance relay
IR1
T MD
n MD
Ud3
dR
D2
US
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 84
D1
REB500 - Numerical Busbar
and Breaker Failure Protection
ABB Network Partner AG
REB 500
C
E
Distributed installation
ABB Network Partner AG
REB 500
ABB Network Partner AG
C
E
Bay Unit
Central Unit
REB 500
ABB Network Partner AG
REB 500
C
E
Bay Unit
C
E
Bay Unit
REB 500
C
E
Bay Unit
E
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 85
ABB Network Partner AG
E
Advantages of medium/ Low impedance relays

Free from any need for Identical CT ratios or matched CTs

Other relays can be included in the same CT core

Increasing fault levels have no impact
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 86
1000/5
200/5
500/5
5A
3.5 A
5/1
500 A
200 A
700 A
5/0.5
5/0.2
0.7 A
0.2 A
Diff. relay
RADSS IN SINGLE BUS
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 87
5A
0.5 A
REQUIREMENTS ON THE ISOLATOR AUXILIARY CONTACTS
Isolator Aux. Contact ‘a’ should
close before the primary contact
a
b
closes and
Aux contact’ b’ closes after the
primary contact opens.
O
C Throw-over relay
0%
Main
contact
Aux.
Contact
a
Aux.
Contact
b
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 88
100%
DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM WITH TRANSFER BUS
BUS - A
BUS - B
AUX. BUS
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 89
1½- BREAKER SYSTEM
RADSS - A
L1
L3
L5
L2
L4
L6
BUS - A
BUS - B
RADSS - B
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 90
Busbar Protection REB670
© ABB Group
April 2009
Slide 91
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 92
History - Circuit breaker development
Example: 420 kV
Air Blast
…around 1960
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 93
Oil Minimum
SF6 Gas
…around 1980
…today’s
technology
Interrupters
Interrupter design
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 94
+
Relay back-up
RELAY
SYSTEM
CHANNEL
52
50
-
52a
52 52a
RELAY
SYSTEM
CHANNEL
+
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 95
Breaker back-up
5
1
6
2
Z<
7
8
3
4
For uncleared fault shown CB’s to be tripped are 1, 3, 4 & 6
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 96
Classical CBFP
Breaker Failure Protection
I>
I>
I>
I>
+
if trip
from
relay
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 97
t
trip
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 98
Introduction

Majority faults are earth faults

Earth fault protection depends on type of earthing
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 99

Effectively earthed

Reactance earthed

High resistance earthed

Resonance earthed
Measurement of earth fault current
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 100
Measurement of zero sequence voltage
L1
L2
L3
U0>
Earth fault protection in solidly earthed
systems
IDMT earth fault relays
are used to detect earth
faults in effectively earthed
system
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 102
Directional Earth Fault Relay
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 103

Directional earth fault relays are
used

Can use communication link

Inrush current stabilization may
be required for sensitive settings
Directional earth fault relay for High
resistance earthed system

Directional earth fault relay used when in feed
of capacitive current from an object is higher
than 60% of required sensitivity

Measures active component of fault current
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 104
Earth fault in resonance earthed network
A B C
ΣI01
C0
ΣI02
L
RL
U0
Ief
R0
Earth fault in isolated network
A B C
ΣI01
C0
U0
ΣI02
Ief
R0
Directional earth fault relay
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 107
Restricted earth fault relay
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 108
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 109
What is Substation Automation ?
A combination of:
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 110

Protection

Monitoring

Control

Communication
What is Substation Automation ?

Substitution for conventional control panels

Substitution for other sub systems

A more efficient way of controlling your substation
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 111
8
The conventional way
Control Board
Telecontrol
RTU
Alarming
Synchronization
Busbar
Protection
MARSHALING RACK
Local
ControlTELE-
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 112
Interlocking
ALARMING
Measuring
NISATION
Bay
BUSBAR
Protection
PROTECTION
System Engineering Tool
The New Way
Station
Monitoring
System
Station HMI
Gateway
Station Clock
Communication only
during engineering
IED Tool
Station bus
Bay
Control
Web Client
Object
Protection
Control &
Protection
Multi Object
Protection
IEDs
Process bus
Merging Unit
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 113
Merging Unit
Multi Bay
Control
Conventional Control & Protection
Fault
Recording
Station Level
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
=D04+R01
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
Bay Protection
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
Busbar Protection
ABB
=D04+R01
ABB
=D04+R01
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
Event
Recording
=D04+R01
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
=D04+R01
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
ABB
RTU 200IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT
1
056 citcadnI
056 citcadnI
056 citcadnI
Network Partner
9114
24351678ABB
10
11
13
15
162REL316*4
=W1
=W2
12345678-Q1
9111
12
13
14
15
160eriosn
V
4.2b
FERMER
cABB
Network Partner
912REL316*4
2435678111
10
13
14
15
16
REB500
ABB
Network Partner
ON/OFF
BAY CONTROL RELAY REC316*4
LOCAL CONTROL
RTU 200IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT
ON/OFF
38
Indactic650
650
Indactic
METERING
ABB
RTU 200IN 1 IN 2 IN 3 IN 4 IN 5 IN 6 IN 7 IN 8 OUT
ON/OFF
Indactic650
650
Indactic
LINE PROTECTION RELAY REL316*4
ABB
BUSBAR PROTECTION REB500
ABB
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
ABB
Bay Level
225kV LIGNE ABOBO 1
125VDC Distributuion Battery A
125VDC Distributuion Battery B
SCADA
RTU
For each function a
dedicated device
and separate Panel
Control
Panel
ABB
=D04+R01
ABB
=W1
=W2
-Q1
SEL
-Q2
SEL
-Q0
SEL
TESTE
LAMPE
Extensive station wide cabling
OUVRIRFERMER
ABB
ESC
EXE
Local
Control
DISTANCE
LOC
Process Level
Marshalling
Extensive bay cabling
GIS or AIS
Switchgear
-Q2
-Q0
-Q1
-Q9
-Q8
Substitution of Conventional Technology
Bay Control/Protection Cubicles
Fällanden
Steuerung / Schutz
Fällanden
Steuerung / Schutz
MicroSCADA
=AD17-KB2
=AD17-KB2
Feldsteuergerät REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck
Feldsteuergerät REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck
Interbay bus
Ethernet Switches
d gi ta l
LEITUNGSHAUPTSCHUTZ REL316*4
I
0
I
0
STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK
LEITUNGSHAUPTSCHUTZ REL316*4
I
0
I
0
STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK
PRÜFSTECKER
Reset
AUS
I
0
di gi tal
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
PRÜFSTECKER
Reset
AUS
I
0
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
-Q2
-Q1
COM 581
ABB
Power Automation AG
COM581
NCC / RCC
Communication
Converter
-Q0
Marshalling
-Q9
C
Control Cubicle
Relays for control / logic
Transducers, Meters
Switches, Lamps
Annunciators, Terminals
-Q8
Protection Cubicle
SER / Fault Recorder
SCADA RTU
NCC / RCC
Modern Substation Automation (SA)
Bay Control/Protection Cubicles
Fällanden
Steuerung / Schutz
Fällanden
Steuerung / Schutz
=AD17-KB2
MicroSCADA
=AD17-KB2
220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 1 220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 2
220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 1 220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 2
Feldsteuergerät REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck
I
0
VERRIEGELUNG
Feldsteuergerät REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck
Interbay bus
Ethernet Switches
I
d gi ta l
0
VERRIEGELUNG
LEITUNGSHAUPTSCHUTZ REL316*4
I
I
0
0
STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK
LEITUNGSHAUPTSCHUTZ REL316*4
I
I
0
-Q2
-Q1
0
AUS
AUS
RESERVESCHUTZ
I
-X1
SYNCHRONISIERUNG HAND
AUS
0
I
AUS
0
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
2 x 220/24V DC/DC SPANNUNGSVERSORGUNG
2 x 220/24V DC/DC SPANNUNGSVERSORGUNG
-Q0
-Q8
ABB
Power Automation AG
COM581
NCC / RCC
Communication
Converter
C
E
Marshalling
-Q9
COM 581
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
RESERVESCHUTZ
-X1
SYNCHRONISIERUNG HAND
di gi tal
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
I
0
SCHUTZ EIN/AUS
SAMMELSCHIENENSCHUTZ REB500
SAMMELSCHIENENSCHUTZ REB500
I
0
PRÜFSTECKER
Reset
STUFENVERL. WE-BLOCK
PRÜFSTECKER
Reset
Still extensive bay cabling
Modern SA Architecture
Station Level
Network Control
Center NCC
ABB Network Partner AG
C
-Q2
-Q0
-Q1
-Q9
-Q8
Features and Benefits
Basic Functionality
E
Bay Level
Process Level
COM581
Implementation of Intelligent Technology
Intelligent Primary Equipment
MicroSCADA
Interbay bus
Ethernet Switches
M M
-Q2
di gi tal
-Q2
-Q1
-Q51
-Q0
Drive control &
monitoring
circuitry
PISA
A
PISA
A
PISA
B
-Q8
-Q9
-Q8
i it l
COM 581
ABB
Power Automation AG
COM581
Communication
Converter
NCC / RCC
C
-Q0
-T1
-Q9
LOCAL SET
REMOTEOPERATION
PISA
Feeder Marshalling
-Q1
t
d gi tal
M
?
Sampling
AD-Conversion
Signal Processing
Signal Filtering
Process
Bus
Station Level
Intelligent SA Architecture
Network Control
Center NCC
C
Basic Functionality
E
Bay Level
M M
M
?
LOCAL SET
REMOTEOPERATION
-Q2
-Q0
-Q1
-Q51
PISA
A
PISA
B
PISA
A
PISA
Process Level
COM581
-T1
-Q9
-Q8
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
ABB Network Partner AG
Functional Structure of Modern SA
Station Level
Functions Allocation
Network Control
Center NCC
ABB Network Partner AG
C
E
Bay Level
Process Level
COM581
Scalable System Extensions
SCADA
Remote Communication
Fault evaluation
Monitoring
Events and alarms
Supervision & Control
Data Exchange
Monitoring
GIS or AIS Switchgear
Instrument Transformers
Power Transformers
Surge Arresters
-Q2
-Q0
-Q1
-Q9
-Q8
Intelligent Substation Automation
Functional Structure
Station Level
Network Control
Center NCC
ABB Network Partner AG
COM581
C
E
Bay Level
Scalable System
Extensions
SCADA
Remote Communication
Fault evaluation
Monitoring
Events and alarms
Supervision & Control
Data Exchange
M M
Monitoring
M
?
LOCAL SET
REMOTEOPERATION
-Q2
-Q0
-Q1
-Q51
PISA
A
PISA
B
PISA
A
PISA
Process Level
Functions Allocation
-T1
-Q9
-Q8
Intelligent or “smart”
AIS / GIS Switchgear
Data acquisition
Sensors & Actuators
Power Transformers
Surge Arrestors
Intelligent SA: Control, Protection and Sensors
ABB
Actuator
for
isolator &
earthing
switch
control
PISA PISA
PISA
PISA
Line Protection 1 I
Abgangsschutz
M
M
Bay Controller
Feldleitgerät
M
Switches
Actuator for
circuit breaker
control
?
LOCAL
SET
REMOTE
OPERATION
PISA
A
Line Protection 2 II
Abgangsschutz
PISA
A
PISA
B
Busbar Protection
Sensors for
current &
voltage
measurement
Process Bus
Interbay bus 1
Interbay bus 2
Monitoring via IEDs for Protection
Advanced analysis
tools
Alarm Classes
Automatic printing
Summary report
GPS
User friendly
visualization
Universal Time
synchronization
CONCISE / FAST
Distance to Fault
Mo 12. 11. 96
GMT 17:02.43.305
Ayer Rajah & Labrador
Feeder One
Sequence of Events
ABB Network Partner AG
IED Parameter
# Of trips
C
E
ABB Network Partner AG
REL 316*4
ABB Network Partner AG
REL 316*4
ABB Network Partner AG
1
9
1
9
2
10
2
10
1
9
3
11
3
11
2
10
4
12
4
12
3
11
5
13
5
13
4
12
6
14
6
14
5
13
7
15
7
15
6
14
8
16
8
16
7
15
8
16
C
C
E
E
REL 316*4
C
E
Station level supervision
Single Line Diagram:
Diagnostic: Fault Recording and Evaluation
Automatic
fault location
printout
Remote Control via Network Control Centre (NCC)
The goal of the IEC 61850 standard
Interoperability
The ability for IED’s from one or several manufacturer
to exchange information and use the information for the
their own functions.
Free Configuration The standard shall support different philosophies and
allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it will work
equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized
(SCS like) systems.
Long Term Stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able
to follow the progress in communication technology as
well as evolving system requirements.
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 127
© ABB Group
March 22, 2016 | Slide 128