An acid-base
(proton-transfer) reaction of an Acid HA
with Water
Figure 14.2 (Zumdahl)
• Which two pairs of species are conjugates?
• In each pair, which one is the acid? The base?
(How do you know?)
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14–2
The reaction of NH3
with HCl to form NH4+ and Cl-.
Figure 14.3 (Zumdahl)
• Which two pairs of species are conjugates?
• In each pair, which one is the acid? The base?
(How do you know?)
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14–3
Two Water Molecules
React to Form H3O+ and OH-
Figure 14.7 (Zumdahl)
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14–4
H3O+ A-
Behavior of Acids
of Different
Strengths in
Aqueous
Solution
(a) A Strong Acid
(b) A Weak Acid
H3O+ A-
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14–5
Various Ways to
Describe Acid Strength
Table 14.1 (Zumdahl)
(i.e., a “negligible” base)
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(i.e., a [“nonnegligible”] base)
14–6
Table 14.2 Values of Ka for Some
Common Monoprotic Acids
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14–7
Figure 14.5
The
Relationship
of Acid
Strength and
Conjugate
Base
Strength
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14–9
Acetic Acid
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14–10
Benzoic Acid
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14–11
Figure 14.7 Two Water Molecules
React to Form H3O+ and OH-
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14–12
A quick quiz on some acid-base
related topics
+] = [OH-]
[H
O
3
• A neutral solution is one in which ___________
< 0 to ____
>14
• The pH scale goes from ____
pKw (“14” only at T = 25C)
• pH + pOH = ____
Depends on T!
• Kw equals __________
T (C)
6 M HCl (pH~ -0.8)
6 M NaOH (pH~ 14.8)
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0
10
24
25
40
60
Kw
0.114 x 10-14
0.185 x 10-14
1.00 x 10-14
1.01 x 10-14
2.92 x 10-14
9.61 x 10-14
14–13
Figure 14.8
(Zumdahl)
[Compare to
Figure 15.7 in Tro]
The pH Scale
and pH
Values of
Some
Common
Substances
Technically,
only at
25C!
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14–14
Figure 14.10 The Effect of Dilution on the
Percent Dissociation and [H+] of a Weak Acid
Solution
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14–15
Cl-, Al(H2O)63+
and H2O
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14–16
Figure 14.12 Reaction of BF3 with NH3
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14–17
Figure 14.13 The Al(H2O)63+ ion
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14–18
Common Household Substances that
Contain Acids and Bases
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14–19
An Acetic
Acid Solution
Does Not
Conduct as
much Current
as a Strong
Electrolyte
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14–20
The Label on
a Bleach
Bottle Warns
of the
Hazards of
Mixing
Cleaning
Solutions
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14–21
An Antacid
Containing
Aluminum and
Magnesium
Hydroxides
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14–22
Table 14.3 Values of Kb for Some
Common Weak Bases
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14–23
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14–24
Table 14.4 Stepwise dissociation
Constants for Several Common
Polyprotic Acids
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14–25
Table 14.5 Qualitative Prediction of pH for
Solutions of Salts for Which both Cation and
Anion Have Acidic or Basic Properties
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14–26
Table 14.6 Acid-Base Properties of
Various Types of Salts
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14–27
Table 14.7 Bond Strengths and Acid
Strengths for Hydrogen Halides
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14–28
Table 14.9 Comparison of
Electronegativity of X and Ka Value for
a Series of Oxyacids
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14–29
Figure 14.11
The Effect of
the Number
of Attached
Oxygens on
the O-H Bond
in a Series of
Chlorine
Oxyacids
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14–30
Table 14.8
Several
Series of
Oxyacids and
Their Ka
Values
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14–31
Table 14.10 Three Models for Acids
and Bases
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14–32