‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
An- Najah National University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Graduation Project
Supervised By
Dr. Monther Dwikat
Prepared by:
RaRami Abu Baker
Jamell Abu Baker
Shadi Ismaeel
2009/2010
Graduation Project title:
Integration Design for Yabad Secondary Boys Skcool
Main topics
 Chapter one: Introduction
 General
 Materials
 Loads
 Codes and standards
 Building structural system
Main topics
 Chapter Three: Structural Analysis and Design
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General
Slab systems and design
Beam design
Column design
Property/Stiffness Modification Factors
Structural Model Verification
Design of Slabs
Design of Beams
Design of Columns
Design of Footings
Design of stair and shear wall
Chapter One
Introduction
 General:
The Ya'bad's secondary boys school is composed of one block, that consists of
three floors with an area of 714 m2,and the total area of site is 3395 m2 .
The ground floor includes class rooms, entrance hall, computer lab, art and crafts
room and administration office.
The first floor includes class rooms, teachers room and science lab.
The second floor includes class rooms.
The exterior walls are masonry that is formed of concrete, blocks, and masonry
stones. The interior walls are made of blocks.
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter One
Introduction
Materials:
Structural elements:
 Concrete
fc` = 240 kg/cm2
 Steel
fy = 4200 kg/cm2.
There are non structural materials that are used in the structure which are:
 Blocks.
 Masonry stone.
 Tiles.
 Filling under tiles.
Chapter One
Introduction
 Loads:
There are two main types of loads:
 Gravity loads:
Live load:
0.3 ton/m2 (class room).
0.5 ton/ m2 (corridors and stairs)
0.5 ton/ m2 (halls and labs).
0.2 ton/m2 (roof).
2.5 ton/m2(stair roof)
Dead load: it is consisting of own weight of the structure and any permanent
components.
The super imposed dead load is 0.5 ton/m2
Chapter One
Introduction
 Lateral load
Seismic loads:
The structure is located in Jenin area which is classified as zone 2B according
to Palestine seismic zones.
The UBC97 code seismic parameters are as follows:
 The seismic zone factor, Z= 0.2.
 The soil is very dense soil and soft rock, so the soil type is Sc.
 The importance factor, I= 1.0 .
 The ductility factor, R= 5.6.
 The seismic coefficient, Ca=0.24.
 The seismic coefficient, Cv=0.32.
Chapter One
Introduction
 Codes and Standards:
 ACI 318-05
 UBC-97
 IBC 2009
 ASTM
 Building Structural System:
The slabs structural system is formed of one way ribbed slabs with drop
beams. The beams are supported by separate columns which are the main
vertical structural elements. The building structural system is formed of
perimeter and stair case shear walls which is the main lateral forces resisting
structural system, in addition to the building frames of beams and columns.
Chapter Three
Structural Design
•General:
This chapter includes 1D & 3D modeling for the project. The
sections for slabs, beams, and columns are assumed and defined.
Structural analysis comprises of set of physical and
mathematical laws required to study and predict the behavior of
structures under a given set of actions. The structural analysis of the
model is aimed to determine the external reactions at the supports
and the internal forces like bending moments, shear forces, and
normal forces for the different members. These internal member
forces are used to design the cross section of three elements.
Chapter Three
Structural Design
 1D Analysis and Design:
 One way ribbed slabs :
The deflection is the most important factor that controls the slab thickness,
Minimum thickness of one way ribbed slab from ACI318-08 equals (L/18.5)
for one end continuous.
Chapter Three
Structural Design
 Beam design:
Generally, concrete beams have a rectangular cross section
since it is easy to be constructed in the field
All beams must be able to resist shear, bending moments, and
torsional stresses
Chapter Three
Structural Design
 Column Design:
Columns are structural elements used primarily to support axial
compressive loads, that coming from slabs or beams above.
Practically columns are subjected not to axial loads but also to moment from
direct loading or end rotation.
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Compatibility check:
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Check equilibrium:
The total building dead load = 2084.8 ton
The total building live load= 739.58 ton
The total building super imposed dead load = 1426.992 ton
From SAP2000: Total dead load= 2044.8 ton
Total live load= 747.36 ton
Total Sup. Imp. D.L = 1461.1 ton
Error % in dead load = 2 %< 5%
ok.
Error % in live load = 1.0 %< 5%
ok.
Error % in super imposed D.L = 2.4 %< 5%
ok.
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Check Internal Forces:
 Slabs & Beams:
In order to check the internal forces in slabs and beams the bending moment
values for number of spans will be obtained from SAP2000 and compared
with the value of (ωL2\8), where ( ω= 1.2D + 1.6L).
 Columns:
As for columns the axial force values will be compared between SAP2000
and the manual method.
- Where in any, the percentage error should not exceed 20-25 %
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Beams of Block 1
Area of steel due to moment and torsion
Beam
Dimension of
beam
(bXh)(cmXcm)
station
5
B18
30X75
6
B19
B20
B21
25X60
25X60
30X75
Moment
span
1
1
1
Area of steel(cm²) +ve
Shear
Area of steel(cm²) -ve
Bottom
As min
As provided
Left
4.825
7.128
7.128
Middle
5.181
7.128
7.128
Right
4.769
7.128
Left
5.346
Middle
# of
bars
# of bars
Top
As min
As provided
# of bars
5.659
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ10/10
4.659
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ8/15
7.128
5.491
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ10/10
7.128
7.128
5.120
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ10/10
5.346
7.128
7.128
5.663
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ8/15
Right
5.818
7.128
7.128
8.206
7.128
8.206
4Φ16
1Φ10/10
Left
5.158
4.703
5.158
7.321
4.703
7.321
5Φ14
1Φ10/10
Middle
7.736
4.703
7.736
3.820
4.703
4.703
4Φ12
1Φ8/15
Right
4.879
4.703
4.879
7.059
4.703
7.059
5Φ14
1Φ10/10
Left
4.805
4.703
4.805
5.327
4.703
5.327
5Φ12
1Φ10/10
Middle
6.943
4.703
6.943
3.433
4.703
4.703
4Φ12
1Φ8/15
Right
4.560
4.703
4.703
5.261
4.703
5.261
5Φ12
1Φ10/10
Left
4.515
7.128
7.128
5.834
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ10/10
Middle
4.679
7.128
7.128
4.252
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ8/15
Right
4.544
7.128
7.128
4.659
7.128
7.128
4Φ16
1Φ10/10
4Φ16
4Φ16
5Φ14
5Φ14
4Φ16
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Floor
Columns
C1
C2
C3
50x25
50x25
40x25
1.56%
1%
1%
19.5
12.5
10.0
10Ф16
8Ф16
8Ф14
50x25
50x25
40x25
1.56%
1%
1%
19.5
12.5
10.0
10Ф16
8Ф16
8Ф14
50x25
50x25
40x25
1.56%
1%
1%
19.5
12.5
10.0
10Ф16
8Ф16
8Ф14
Details
Section
1st floor
rebar percentage
AS
# of bars
Section
2nd floor
rebar percentage
AS
# of bars
Section
3rd floor
rebar percentage
AS
# of bars
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Footing:
Footings are defined as the substructure whose function is to transmit safely the
concentrated column or wall reactions to the soil stratum.
footings which used in this project can be classified into the following types:
1) Isolated footing: they have rectangular, square, or circular shape. This type of
footing is used for small loads, and/or large soil allowable bearing capacity.
2) Wall footing: it is a continuous footing along the length of the wall.
Chapter Three
Three Dimensional Structural Analysis and Design
ID
Gravity
Service
(ton)
Seismic
Service
(ton)
gravity
area
(m)
seismic
area
(m)
control
area
(m)
Dimensions
(mXm)
PU
( ton)
H
(cm)
Reinforcement
/m
F1
90
105
3.6
3.2
3.6
1.8x2
132
50
7Φ14
F2
133
134
5.02
4.1
5.02
2.1 x 2.4
170
50
8Φ14
F3
50
46
2
1.4
2
1.4 x 1.6
60
50
7Φ14
Chapter Three
Three Dimensional Structural Analysis and Design
Design Of Shear Walls:
Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system

Shear walls should be located on each level of the structure, to form an effective box
structure, equal length shear walls are preferred to be placed symmetrically on all
exterior walls of the building.
Shear walls must provide the necessary lateral strength to resist horizontal earthquake
forces. When shear walls are strong enough, they will transfer these horizontal forces
to the next element in the load path below them.
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Design Of Stairs:
In this section stairs was designed, started by estimating the dead load and live load
for this stairs, then performed and analyzed as simple model by SAP2000 program and
took the deflection, shear and moment on it.
Thickness of slab:
One end continuous
t =L/24
use 20 cm thickness
Chapter Three
Structural Design
Section A-A reinforcement
Thanks for listening