Animal Science II- Small
Animal
Unit C- The Small Animal Care
Industry
Competency 6.00
Interpret the status of the small
animal industry today.
Objective

Explain how the small animal care industry
is important to society
Assignment
Title your notes today Small Animal
Industry
 Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry
can benefit society in general. Put a few
of your own ideas in you notebook.

Benefits of Small Animals
1.
Economic

2.
Companions to 60% of American
Families
1.
2.
3.
$32 billion to national economy
Children learn responsibility
Improves quality of life for elderly
Product testing

Develop drugs and vaccines
Benefits of Small Animals
4.
Pet therapy


5.
6.
Watch dogs, seeing eye dogs
Rabbit meat

7.
Relieve depression
Reduces heart disease
Low in cholesterol, sodium and fat
Fur and wool
Benefits of Small Animals
8.
9.
Exhibition
Rabbits provide multiple benefits




Pets
Food
Clothing
Research
Economics
1.
Retail pet stores
1.
2.
Biomedical research
1.
2.
3.
$21 billion in sales
Supported by $15 million in taxes
65-100 million small animals
Education
1.
6 million used for dissection
Economics
4.
5.
4 million small animals used in the LD50
test
Americans spending on pets

$20.3 billion
Economics
6.
Veterinary expenses


7.
$11 billion annually
Dogs cost twice as much as cats
Pet food sales

$9 billion
Pet Ownership- Dogs








There are approximately 65 million owned dogs in the
United States
Most owners (65%) own one dog
33% of owners own two dogs
12% of owners own three or more dogs
Slightly more male dogs are owned than female dogs
Eighteen percent of owned dogs were adopted from an
animal shelter
On average, dog owners spent $263 on veterinary
related expenses in the past 12 months
Seventy-two percent of owned dogs are spayed or
neutered
Source: American Pet Products Manufacturers Association (APPMA)
2003-2004 National Pet Owners Survey
Pet Ownership- Cats







Approximately 77.6 million owned cats in the United
States
34% of U.S. households own at least one cat
On average, owners have two cats (2.2)
Slightly more female cats are owned than male cats
16% of owned cats were adopted from an animal shelter
Cat owners spent an average of $113 on veterinary
related expenses in the past 12 months
Eighty-four percent of owned cats are spayed or
neutered
Source: American Pet Products Manufacturers Association (APPMA)
2003-2004 National Pet Owners Survey
Dogs, Cats & The Rest

There are 7 million more cats than dogs

Most cat owners average two cats
Dogs are found in more households than
cats
 Fish
 Birds
 Rabbits

Objective

Discuss the skills needed for employment
in the small animal industry
Job Types

Care and management industry
Pets
 Lab animals
 Zoo animals
 Health
 Training


Food and equipment supply
Job Types

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology
research
Hospitals
 Universities
 Labs
 Private firms

Job Types

Exhibitors

Operates animals acts
 Carnivals
 Circus
 Fairs
(Cleveland County Fair)
 Zoo
 Marine
mammal displays
Care and Management Jobs
1.
Pet care worker






Boarding kennels
Animal hospitals
Shelters
Pet stores
Training schools
Pet grooming parlors
Care and Management Jobs
Kennel attendants
2.


Feeds and cares for animals
Cleans
Animal groomers
3.

Bathes, brushes & trims hair and nails
Dog trainers
4.

Teaches the dog to obey signals or
commands
Care and Management Jobs
5.
Small Animal Breeders


6.
7.
Raises & markets fur-bearing animals
Usually specialized for one breed
Pet shop owners and managers
Dealers

Sell lab animals


Research
education
Care and Management Jobs
Veterinarians (DVM)
8.



Control animal injuries and disease
Disease prevention
Inspection
o



Meat and animals products
Surgery
Establish diets
Prescribe medications
Care and Management Jobs
9.
Vet. Technicians
1.

Assist veterinarians and other staff
Skills needed:


Previous experience as a keeper
Part-time volunteer work



Shelters
Pet shops
clinics
Objective

Discuss medical terminology used by
those working in the veterinarian phase of
the small animal care industry
Medical Terminology

Components of medical terminology

Prefix
 Beginning





of the word indicating:
Number
Location
Time
Status
Root words
 Word
word
part that gives the fundamental meaning of a
Medical Terminology

Suffixes

Word part at the end of a word indicating:
 Procedure
 Condition
 Disease
 Disorder
Medical Prefixes
1.
a-, an- without, lack of

2.
anti- against, opposing

3.
Bilateral- two sides
dys- painful, difficult, abnormal

5.
Antiseptic- against infection
bi- two, double, twice

4.
Anemia- without blood
Dysentery- abnormal infection of the colon
pre- before

Preoperative- before surgery
Medical Root Words
1.
carp

wrist

2.
cardi

heart

3.
carpel- pertaining to the wrist
cardiology- study of the heart
dors

back

dorsal- relating to the back
Medical Root Words
4.
dent, odont

teeth

5.
Gastr

stomach

6.
gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach
Gingiv

gums

7.
dentist- person who works with teeth
gingivitis- inflammation of the gums
phleb, ven

vein

phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins
Medical Suffixes

algia

Pain


centesis

Procedure to remove fluid


arthralgia- painful joints
Cytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladder
itis

inflammation
bronchitis


rrhea

Flow or discharge

diarrhea
Positional Terminology
Ventral
 Cranial
 Anterior
 Posterior
 Dorsal
 Caudal
 Dorsal (frontal) plane
 Transversal plane

Positional Terminology
Positional Terminology
Positional Terminology
Transversal plane
Dorsal (frontal) plane
Positional Terminology
Positional Terminology

Visit the following website to view a
Virtual Cat Dissection

External Anatomy Link
http://bio.bd.psu.edu/cat/index.htm
General Terminology
1.
2.
3.
4.
Antisepsis
Biopsy
Catheterization
Clutch
General Terminology
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Colostrum
Contact transmission
Endogenous
Exogenous
Incubation
General Terminology
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Infectious disease
Pocket pets
Preventative health care programs
Quarantine
Spaying
Neutering
Objective

Summarize animal rights and animal
welfare
Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare
Animal Welfare
Human treatment
Human Use
Minimum discomfort
Food & Clothing
Medical Research
Product Testing
Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare
Animal Rights
Use is Wrong
Against
Ethically
Vivisection
Morally
Use for Food & Clothing
Experiments
Therapy methods
Animal Welfare Legislation
1.
1641 The Bodies of Liberty

2.
1st anticruelty act passed


3.
1st law to protect farm animals
1828
New York Legislature
1866- American Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
(ASPCA) formed
Animal Welfare Legislation
4.
5.
6.
7.
1906- Animal Transportation Act
1958- Humane Slaughter Act
1966- Laboratory Animal Welfare Act
1976- Horse Protection Act
The Vote?
Do animals have rights?
 Should animals be used
for food?
 Should animals be used
for experimentation?
 Should hunting and
trapping of animals be
allowed?

Assignment Option #1





On a clean sheet of paper
Prepare an editorial for the local news paper
outlining your position on one of the previous
questions
You should use appropriate grammar and
spelling for a public response
Once you finish your rough draft, type your final
response in a 12 point font
Your editorial should be one page in length
Assignment Option #2
On a clean sheet of paper
 Prepare a short speech that may be given
at a public forum or town hall meeting.
 Your speech should use the format taught
in class and should outline your position
on one of the previous questions
 Your speech must be given in class and it
must last at least 2 minutes

Objective

Discuss techniques and risk involved
when working with small animals
Zoonoses

A disease that can be transmitted from
animals to humans
Example: Rabies
Rabies
A viral disease
 Affects the nervous system
 Contracted by:

Bites
 Scratches
 Saliva

Rabies
Immunization is recommended when in
doubt
 Children five to nine receive the most
animals bites

5% report bites
 More than measles, mumps, chicken pox, and
whooping cough


Most domestic animals are not infected if
vaccinated regularly
Rabies

First Aid:
Wash the affected area
 Use soap and water
 Tetanus shot

 If

booster has not been received in 5 years
Worker protection:
3 intradermal injections over three weeks
 2 intramuscular injections if exposed

Toxoplasmosis
Disease from Toxoplasma gondii parasite
 Usually carried by cats



Infected by ingesting contaminated mice
Spread by:
Cat feces
 Contaminated cat litter


Affects those with suppressed immune
system
Toxoplasmosis

Symptoms:
Fever
 Headache
 Swollen lymph glands
 Cough
 Sore throat
 Congestion
 Loss of appetite
 Rash

Toxoplasmosis

Concern for pregnant women
Miscarriage
 Premature babies
 Blindness in babies


Prevention:
Disposable gloves when cleaning litter box
 Thoroughly washing hands
 Get a dog instead!

Ringworm


Fungal disease
Skin lesion:






Round
Scaly and encrusted
Loss of hair at site
Spread by direct contact
Indirectly by equipment
Treatment:

Iodine soap or antifungal drugs
Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)
Contracted by caged birds of the
Psittacosis family
 Transmitted through feces and fecal dust



Bacteria
Prevention:
Wear dust mask
 Eliminating mites and lice
 Spraying disinfectants

Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)

Symptoms:
Coughing
 Chest pains
 Fever
 Chills
 Weakness
 Vomiting
 Muscular pain


Antibiotics used as treatment
Cat-scratch fever
Non-serious
 Cat bites and scratches
 Symptoms:


Localized swelling and soreness
Treated with antibiotics
 Affected area may be slow to heal

Cat-scratch fever
Samonellosis
Caused by the Salmonella bacteria
 Children and elderly most at risk
 Symptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection:

Abdominal pain
 Vomiting
 Diarrhea for 4-7 days


Pet turtles and reptiles

Most likely to infect humans
Streptococcal
Bacteria
 Results in sore throat
 Can be transmitted by dogs
 Treated with penicillin

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Cause coagulation of the blood
Fever
 Headaches
 Nausea & Vomiting
 Skin rash
 Death if not treated


Primarily passed by the American dog tick

6 other species can carry the disease
Lyme Disease
First case in 1969 in Wisconsin
 Named in 1977

Lyme Connecticut
 Children developed arthritic condition

Bacterial disease (Borrelia burgdurferi)
 Distinctive skin lesion 3-32 days

Lyme Disease

Flu like symptoms
Painful joints
 Fatigue may last for months


Can damage internal organs without
treatment Antibiotics used as treatment
Tetracycline (adults)
 Amoxicillin (children)


Vaccines can be administered
Parasites
Gain subsistence from a host organism
 Ticks

Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted
fever
 Five species carry Lyme disease

Parasites
Ascarids (Toxocara species) &
Hookworms
 Affect dogs and cats
 May be passed to humans

Fever
 Headache


De-worming cats and dogs most effective
preventative method
Parasites

Tapeworm

Echinococcus granuosus


Echinococcus multilocularus



CA, UT, AZ, NM
Located in upper Midwest (cool climate)
Occasionally carried by dogs and cats
Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD)



Rare
Potentially fatal (50-70%)
Parasitic tumors of the liver


May go unnoticed for years
Avoid hand to mouth contact
Tapeworm
Life Cycle of AHD
Safety

Assignment:
Read page 21 in your textbook
 Know the 13 safety guidelines for working in
the small animals industry
