Unit 6:
The Age of Jackson
Honors US History I
Chapter 9:
The Jacksonian Era
Section 1:
A Second Adams in the White House
1824 Presidential Election
William H. Crawford (GA)
John Quincy Adams (MA)
Andrew Jackson (TN)
Henry Clay (KY)
John C. Calhoun (SC)
Popular vs. Electoral Vote
William H. Crawford
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
“Corrupt Bargain”
12th Amendment
- no candidate has majority of
electoral votes
- H of R chooses from 3 highest
candidates
JQA, Jackson, and Clay
JQA and Clay “Deal” (?)
“Common Man”
Political Parties
- National Republicans
- Democratic Republicans
Andrew Jackson
“Hero of New Orleans”
“Tariff of Abominations”
Democratic Republicans
- pass tariff
Sabotage
- high taxes and many taxes
hope to ruin JQA
- backfires
1828 election
JQA vs.
Jackson
Landslide
- JQA wins
only DE,
MD and
NE states
Section 2:
The New Politics
Political Process
Suffrage
- only adult white male landowners
* stake in the government
- country’s growth requires change
- then adult white males
- starts with western territories first
- “old” states still distrustful of
“common man”
Voting
- once oral votes done in public
- paper ballots take over
- printed paper ballots done by
political parties
- helped unofficial records of your
voting
Nominations
- caucus makes “party ticket”
- nominating conventions
* major social event
* rise of hotels aid conventions
Candidates
- more voters leads to more
opinions
- more opinions leads to more
candidates
- more candidates leads to running
on more than just key issues…
also popularity
- Andrew Jackson
Spoils System
- people deserve more than just
president; deserve a “movement”
within the office
- reward political supporters with
jobs
- “to the victors belong the spoils”
Section 3:
Jackson Takes Command
Peggy Eaton Affair
Social acceptance
- O’Neale, daughter of D.C. tavern
keeper
- Married John Eaton (Sec of War)
Cabinet Wives’ Club
- Calhoun’s wife discourages social
interaction
“Kitchen Cabinet”
- replaces Cabinet
- Martin Van Buren
becomes “favorite”
Indian Policy
Jackson’s views
Indian Opposition
- armed revolt
- court cases (Worcester v. Georgia)
Trail of Tears
- 15,000 Indians march Georgia to
Oklahoma
Nullification Controversy
Tariff Opposition
- led by Southerners
- overproduction of cotton caused
prices to plummet; blamed on tariff
Slave Revolts
- causes fear amount southern states
- “peculiar institution”
Nullification
- led by Calhoun
Webster-Hayne Debate
- public lands and tariff are issues
- really debate over the Union and
nullification
Jefferson Day Dinner
- Jackson holds the line
Webster
Hayne
Section 4:
Banks and Money
Election of 1832
Andrew Jackson (D-R)
Henry Clay (N-R)
Major Issue
- bank recharter
Bank of the United States (B.U.S.)
President Nicholas Biddle
Re-charter
- 1832 vs. 1836
- AJ veto
The “Monster”
- hard $$ vs. soft $$
- common man
“Kill the Monster!”
- Roger Taney
- Remove deposits
- “pet banks”
Specie Circular
- Public Land Sale
- Hard $$ vs. Soft $$
Election of 1836
Martin Van Buren (WINNER)
Daniel Webster
Hugh L. White
William Henry Harrison
MVB Presidency
Manager vs. Leader
AJ’s Policies
Panic of 1837
- pet banks
- loans
- bank notes
1839 Depression
Fred’s
Bank
Tuckahoe
Home Savings
and Loan
B.U.S.
1st Bank
of Torres
Bank of
“Big Wes”
Tuckahoe
Home Savings
and Loan
Time
Machine
FAILURE!!!
Clark’s
Home for
Orphan
Kittens
Accomplishment
- 10 hour work day
Election of 1840
William Henry Harrison (WH- OH)
- war hero
- VP John Tyler (WH-VA)
Martin Van Buren (REP)
Winner
- Harrison
William
Henry
Harrison
CHAPTER 10:
THE FLOURISHING LAND
Honors US History I
Mr. Clark
Section 1:
Drawing People Together
Land Travel
turnpike
- Lancaster to Phila = 62 miles
- most built by private companies
- farmers discouraged by high
price per ton
National Road
- 1802/1803: Congress votes to
allocate money
- 1806: Cumberland, MD selected
starting point
- Work begins 1811
- Reaches Wheeling, WV in 1818
- Reached Vandalia, ILL in 1852
- economic advantage
* Move goods to water access
for shipping
railroads
- did not invent
- US landscape allowed better
implementation
- Incredible growth (1850s)
Water Travel
New Orleans
- most western goods shipped
down Mississippi R. to New
Orleans to Gulf of Mexico and
then out to world
- city grows
DeWitt Clinton
- 5x mayor of NYC
- Governor of NY state
- Fought for reforms
- Proposes radical
water travel idea
Erie Canal
- 363 miles from Lake Erie to
Hudson River
- Move goods from Great Lakes to
NY harbor
- Funding
* NE farmers oppose
competition
* 1817: $7 million approved
- canal opens in 1825
Going Downstream
Going Upstream
- costs repaid in 9 years from toll
collected
- economic advantages
* shipping costs drop from
NW farmers
* product value increases as
supply increases
“Canal Age”
- by 1840, $125 million spent in
N and W
- over 3326 miles in canals
constructed
- halted by Panic of 1837
* reduction in state funds
steamboat
- Robert Fulton
* 1807: steam engine imported
from ENG
* Attached to boat Clermont
- economic advantage
* allow goods to be shipped
upstream faster and easier
- dangers
* faster ships than previous
steamboats
* boiler explosions
* operate in shallow water
* nearly 1/3 of steamboats lost
Section 2:
The Industrial Revolution
History
England
Samuel Slater
Pawtucket, RI
“New” Economy
“homegrown” vs. manufactured
Regionalization
- Northeast & Middle States
- West
- South
Corporate Innovations
- joint stock company
- limited liability
Factory system
- Lowell or Waltham System
Mass Production
- Interchangeable Parts
- Whitney
“Peculiar Institution”
Northern worker vs. Southern slave
- “wage slavery”
- Paternalism
Eli Whitney
Section 3:
America’s Leading ImportPeople
Reasons for Coming to America
PUSH
• Overpopulation
• Limited economic opportunity
• Political turmoil
• Extreme weather conditions
•
•
•
•
PULL
“unlimited” land
“legends of wealth”
“romance” of adventure
Effective advertising
The Irish
Potato famine (1845-1850)
starvation
Immigration to USA
- 1 mill (1847-1860)
City dwellers
Construction projects
- canals
- railroads
The Germans
“Year without a summer”
Immigration
- 10K per year
Tyranny in GER
- Prince Metternich
Civil war and Revolution
Political refugees
Section 4:
The Rise of the West
Westward Movement
1810: 1 / 7 Americans live “west”
1840: 1 / 3 Americans live “west”
“Instant” Cities
Junctions of Rivers
- Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, St. Louis,
Memphis, Minneapolis, Des Moines,
Entrance to Great Lakes
- Rochester, Buffalo, Cleveland,
Toledo, Detroit, Chicago
WHY??
Land Speculation
Early Movement and Cities
Later Movement and Urban Planning
False Advertising
Section 5:
The Cotton Kingdom
The “Cotton Kingdom”
State sovereignty
- Opposition to internal improvements
Northern Abolitionists
- propaganda
- Biblical attacks
- philosophical attacks
Southern Defense of Slavery
- Calhoun & Fitzhugh
- “peculiar institution”
- “necessary evil”
- Biblical defense
- African “tradition”
- paternalism
- wage slavery vs. plantation slavery
Triangle Trade
Economic “necessity”
property
Numerous routes
“Middle Passage”
“TighT Pack”
Slave Life
Field slave
- dusk to dawn
- overseer or “driver”
- abuse
House slave
- 24 hours
- master
- abuse
Slave Opposition
Slave Revolt
- Nat Turner
“Passive resistance”
Escape
Slave Life
Family
- marriage
Language
Religion
Entertainment
farming
Slave Owners
1860: 1 / 4 southerners own slaves
Racial superiority
Benefits to economy
Detriments to economy