America and the British Empire
Unit 2
AP Outline 2
1650-1763
VA SOLS 11.1-11.3
Mayflower Compact
• 41 males signed it
• First written law for the land
• Purpose: to set up a government within
themselves, and was written by those to
be governed
The Colonies
• New England
• Middle Colonies
• Southern Colonies
Proprietary, Charter, and Royal
Colonies
• Proprietary
– British King’s granted territory to an
individual or groups
• Charter
– British government gave rights to a group of
investors/shareholders
• Royal
– Under direct control of the
government/monarch
New England
• New Hampshire
• Massachuetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
New Hampshire
• Started out as a proprietary colony later
turned into a royal charter
• Founded by Captain John Mason
Massachuetts
• Massachuetts Bay Colony
• John Winthrop-governor
• General Court made up of governor, high
deputy, magistrates, and members of the
corporation-freemen.
• Puritan emigration to Massachusetts-The
Great Migration (do not confuse with the pop shift
during WWI of blacks to the North)
Massachuetts Bay Colony
Massachuetts
• Plymouth Colony
• Pilgrims-separatists (believed Anglican
church was so corrupt, they must
establish their own church)
• Puritans-family should be governed in
the same way that kings ruled over
society
Plymouth Colony
John Winthrop
• Led a group of English Puritans to the
New World and then joined the
Massachusetts Bay colony
– Later became governor
• developed the idea of a “city on a hill”
– Live God’s way because the world is
watching
John Winthrop
Salem Witch Trials
• Resulted from a development of tension
between the Puritan idea of a small tightknit community and the idea of a colony
based on trade and commerce
• Social clashes existing in the colony
• Mainly older women were accused of
practicing witchcraft- 100 people jailed19 executed
Salem Witch Trials
– Accusers were members of the old
farming communities
– Accused were part of the newer “secular
class”
• Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible”
– Book based on the Salem Witch Trials
– McCarthy Trials of the 1950s were
called a “witch hunt” for communists
Salem Witch Trials
English Civil War
• Between Charles I (king of England) and
Puritans in Parliament
• Puritan supporters of parliament a.k.a
Roundheads
• Royalist supporters of King Charles a.k.a
cavaliers
• Roundheads win, Oliver Cromwell runs
England (for a while)
• King Charles I is executed at the end
Rhode Island
• Roger Williams- founded Providence
– Believed in religious toleration and
separation of church and state
– His ideas were dangerous and he was
banished from the colony
Anne Hutchinson
• Banished from the
Massachusetts Bay
Colony
• Considered a cofounder of Rhode
Island with Roger
Wms
• Later moved to
Providence
Connecticut
• Thomas Hooker-believed that suffrage
should not be limited to male church
members only
• He founded Hartford
• Helped write the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
– Marked the beginning of the colony of
Connecticut
Connecticut
Dominion of New England
• Instituted by King James II in 1686
• Governed by Sir Edmund Andros
governed as the head of Mass., N.H,
Conn., R.I., and N.Y.
• Increase the power of the governor of the
area
• Occurred after resistance in Mass. to the
unfair Navigation Acts
Dominion of New England
• Without an elective assembly
• Overthrown by Boston militiamen in
1689
– (After the Glorious Revolution)
• Sir Edmund Andros
(right)
Mercantilism
Middle Colonies
• New Jersey
• New York
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware
New Jersey
• established originally by the Swedish and
Dutch
• England took over and ownership was
given to Sir George Carteret and John
Berkeley
New Jersey
Sir George Carteret
New York
• King Phillip’s War
– Disaster for Indian people
– Colonial army burned villages, killed
people, and defeated Indians in –The Great
Swamp Fight.
– Iroquois Confederacy created alliance with
NY (Covenant Chain) which sought to
establish Iroquois dominance over all of
colonies
– END of organized Indian resistance
Pennsylvania
• English Quakers-religious toleration &
pacifism
• William Penn-wanted to make area haven
for the Society of Friends
• Philadelphia- “City of Brotherly Love”
• MOST important colonial port in North
America
Pennsylvania
»
»
William Penn
Delaware
• Colonized by the Dutch, then became a
colony of the English
Southern Colonies
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
• Virginia
Maryland
Carolinas
• Both proprietary colonies
• North Carolina- similar to Virginiaplantations
• South Carolina
Georgia
• James Oglethorpe- founder of colony of
Georgia
• Debtor’s prison
Virginia
• English joint-stock companies raised
capital by selling shares
• Jamestown Settlement- first permanent
English settlement in North America
• FOUNDER JOHN SMITH
• John Rolfe-planted tobacco; married
Powatan Princess-Pocohontas
Jamestown
House of Burgesses
• First elected legislative assembly in the
New World
• Established in 1619 in Virginia
Bacon’s Rebellion
• An uprising in 1676 lead by wealthy
planter Nathaniel Bacon
• Protest against Native American attacks/
lack of protection on the frontier
John Rolfe
• Cultivated success
crop of tobacco
• Married Powhatan
Princess Pocahontas
Maryland
• Proprietary colony
• King Charles I gave land to Calvert
family
• Turn into feudal colonies w/ rents
• ONLY English colony where
CATHOLICS colonized
Maryland
• Named Maryland in honor of King’s wife
• Landlords appointed to governing council
French Colonies
• French had no permanent settlements in
Canada until 1608
• Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec
• Few colonists ever came
– Climate undesirable
– Huguenots-Protestants in France/believers
in Calvinism - were legally forbidden from
emigrating
• Fur trade thrived
Coureur des bois
• Fur trappers in the New World engaged
in fur trade without permission from the
French government
• Late 17th and early 18th century
Jesuits
• French missionaries in the New World
Edict of Nantes
• Issued by Henry IV of France 1598
• Gave French Calvinists Protestants rights
in a country still mainly Catholic
• Ended the religious wars that tore France
apart
• Revoked by King Louis XIV in 1685
• Exodus of Huguenots from France
Wars and Impact on the Colonies
• Through much of the late 17th and early
18th century England, France, Spain and
other European countries fought a series
of wars to see who was the dominant
powers
• Wars began in Europe and carried over to
disputes between the colonies
Queen Anne’s War
• 1702-1713
• Spanish and Native Americans allied with
France
• Lead to the Treaty of Utrecht
– France had to give the British:
• Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, territory
along Hudson Bay, and more access
to the Great Lakes
War of Jenkins's Ear
• Conflict between English and Spanish
• 1739-1742
• Robert Jenkins-British merchant- had his
ear cut off when a Spanish vessel boarded
his boat
• Main purpose of war: keep the Spanish
out of the slave trade in Americas
• After 1742 the conflict turned into the
War of Austrian Succession
Salutary Neglect
• After the European Wars were over in the
colonies, the British ended the policy of
salutary neglect
– Robert Walpole was the Prime Minister
Slavery-Triangular Trade
• African Americans were forced on ships
to come to the New World
• They were trade for goods or sold in the
Caribbean
• Many worked on plantations in the south
with cotton, indigo, tobacco, etc.
Origins of Slavery
Need to Know…
• Puritans and other religious dissidents
came to Americas because they felt the
Church of England was too close to
Catholicism
• First English settlement was Jamestown
– House of Burgesses 1619
Need to Know
• Massachusetts Bay Colony est. in 1629
by the Puritans
– “city upon a hill”
– Limited representative government
– Dissenters thrown out
• Established new colonies
–Rhode Island, Connecticut, and
Portsmouth
Need to Know…
• Economic policy: mercantilism
– Five points
• Export more than import
• Colonies
–Buy goods from mother country
–Resources
• Gold
• Tariffs
• Navigation Acts
Need to Know
• European Wars between British and French
spilled over to colonies
• African American slaves first arrived in 1619important for economic growth in several
southern states
• Salem Witch trials
Need to Know
• Salutary Neglect
– Prime Minister Robert Walpole
• Great Awakening-colonists questioned
religious, social, and political foundations
Multiple Choice Questions
A colony designated as a refuge
for English Catholics was:
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•
•
•
•
A. North Carolina
B. Pennsylvania
C. South Carolina
D. Maryland
E. Virginia
D
English people came to the New
World because of..
•
•
•
•
•
A. their dislike for the Church of England
B. overcrowding in English cities
C. economic opportunity
D. A and C
E. all the above
E
Which of the following was not a
religions dissenter in
Massachusetts Bay?
•
•
•
•
•
A. William Bradford
B. Roger Williams
C. John Davenport
D. Anne Hutchinson
E. Thomas Hooker
A
The creation of the Dominion of
New England
• A. increased democracy in the colonies
• B. increase the power of the governor of
the area
• C. allowed New England colonies to
discuss common grievances
• D. guaranteed direct control of the King
over affairs in the New England colonies
• E. was largely a symbolic gesture
B
For the British, the major
economic role of the American
colonies was
• A. to produce manufactured goods the
English did not want to produce
• B. to produce crops such as tobacco
• C. to provide food and materials for the
other British colonies
• D. to produce raw materials such as
lumber
• E. B and D
E
Credit
DBQ
"North America had become the focus of a
vigorous Atlantic trade in the 17th and 18th
Centuries. This had a profound effect on
the character and social structure of the
colonies established there." Using the
documents and your knowledge of the time
period 1650 to 1750, analyze the accuracy
of this statement.
Document A
• Source: Enduring Voices: A Child’s
Memory of an Abduction in Africa
(1735)
• On a certain time I and other prisoners
were put on board a canoe, under our
master, and rowed away to a vessel
belonging to Rhode Island, commanded
by Captain Collingwood, and the mate
Thomas Mumford.
Document A (Continued)
• While we were going to the vessel, our master
told us all to appear to the best possible
advantage for sale. I was bought on board by
one Robertson Mumford, steward of said
vessel, for four gallons of rum, and a piece of
calico, and called VENTURE, on account of
his having purchased me with his own private
venture. Thus I came by my name. All the
slaves that were bought for that vessel’s cargo,
were two hundred and sixty.
Document B
Source: Out of Many: Estimated Number of Africans Imported to British North
America (1701-1775)
Document C
Source: Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (1944)
Document D
Source: James I, “A Broadside against Coffee” (London,
1672)
Document E
• Source: Excerpt from Ben Franklin’s
Observations Concerning the Increase of
Mankind (1751)
• The danger, therefore, of these colonies
interfering with their mother country in
trades that depend on labor,
manufactures, etc., is too remote to
require the attention of Great Britain.
Document E (Continued)
• But in proportion to the increase of the
colonies, the vast demand is growing for
British manufactures, in which foreigners
cannot interfere, which will increase in a short
time even beyond her power of supplying,
though her whole trade should be to her
colonies; therefore, Britain should not too
much restrain manufactures in her colonies. A
wise and good mother will not do it. To
distress is to weaken, and weakening the
children weakens the whole family.
Document E (Continued)
• Besides, if the manufactures of Britain (by
reason of the American demands) should rise
too high in price, foreigners who can sell
cheaper will drive her merchants out of foreign
markets; foreign manufactures will thereby be
encouraged and increased and consequently
foreign nations, perhaps her rivals in power,
grow more populous and more powerful; while
her own colonies, kept too low are unable to
assist her or add to her strength.
Document F
• Source: British Parliament – Navigation Act of
September 13, 1660
• For the increase of shipping and
encouragement of the navigation of this nation
wherein , under the good providence and
protection of God, the wealth , safety, and
strength of this kingdom is so much
concerned; (2) be it enacted by the king’s most
excellent
Document F (Continued)
• Majesty, and by the Lords and Commons in
this present Parliament assembled, and by the
authority thereof, that from and after the first
day of December, one thousand six hundred
and sixty, and from thence forward, no goods
or commodities whatsoever shall be imported
into or exported out of any lands, islands,
plantations, or territories to his Majesty
belonging or in his possession, or which may
hereafter belong unto or be in the possession
Document F (Continued)
• of his Majesty, his heirs, and successors, in Asia,
Africa, or America, in any other ship or ships, vessel
or vessels whatsoever, but in such ships or vessels as
do truly and without fraud belong only to the people
of England or Ireland, dominion of Wales or town of
Berwick upon Tweed, or are of the built of and
belonging to any the said lands, islands, plantations,
or territories, as the proprietors and right owners
thereof, and whereof the master and three fourths of
the mariners at least are English.
Document G
Source: Out of Many: Triangular Trade across the Atlantic
Document H
Source: Phillip Jenkins, A History of the United States: Population Growth
(1700-1770)
Free Response Question # 1
Throughout the colonial period, economic
concerns had more to do with the settling
of British North America than did
religious concerns. Assess the validity of
this
statement with specific reference to
economic and religious concerns. (90)
Free Response Question #2
Although many Northerners and
Southerners came later to think of
themselves as
having separate civilizations, the
Northern and Southern colonies in the
seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries were in fact
more similar than different. Assess the
validity
of this statement. (75)