Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
HUMAN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
CARELESSNESS
• A major cause of accidents in workshops is
due to the carelessness of the workers.
• A high percentage of accidents in
workshops are due to carelessness and
using the wrong tool.
• When you are using the wrong tool for a
task, you will tend to apply more force than
normal. The excessive force may result in
slipping or breaking the tool, both could
lead to damaging consequences. Always
use the right tool for the job.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
HUMAN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
IMPROPER BEHAVIOR AND DRESS
• There are many causes that can indeed be self
injuring or be fatal. The first thing that may be the
cause of a workshop accident is wearing the
improper equipment.
• It is important to wear the proper equipment such
as safety goggles, a work mask to keep particles out
of your lungs. Having the proper equipment helps
you to maintain a safe work environment.
• Secondly loose clothing is also a factor in workshop
accidents. For example, if you are working near an
open flame or near a cutting device, having loose
clothing can increase injury.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
HUMAN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
LACK OF TRAINING
• Not having knowledge and training regarding
workshop rules is also a cause of accidents in
workshops. You must know the rules when
working in a workshop.
• For example, you must know how to use
certain devices. If you do not know then you run
the risk of increasing injury.
• One final reason is because one does not know
the workshop procedures. Knowing what to do
and in what order is key. If you do something out
of order such as using a device in the wrong
sequence, then you risk an injury or a fatality.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
HUMAN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
SUPERVISION AND EXPERIENCE
• Often it is observed that accidents
take place when there is no one
experienced present in the workshop
to supervise the operations.
• A close monitoring and supervision
of all activities in the workshop is
essential to avoid serious accidents.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
HUMAN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
FATIGUE
Fatigue or exhaustion is also a major
cause of accidents in the workshop.
Make sure workers do not suffer
overtiredness due to work as it will
make them prone to accidents and
injuries.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
HUMAN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
DRUG TAKING
One of the many serious
consequences of drug taking and
alcohol is causing accidents at
workplace.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
UNGUARDED OR FAULTY MACHINERY
AND TOOLS
Accidents are usually caused when
workers tend to roam around or
operate on unguarded and faulty
machinery respectively which may
cause serious injury.
Whenever a machine or equipment
gets out of order, it should be well
guarded or a warning sign should be
placed nearby to intimate the workers
in the workplace.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
INADEQUATE VENTILATION
Workplaces where fumes or smoke
are formed as a result of operation
should be properly ventilated so that
workers remain safe from the harmful
consequences of the fumes which may
cause serious damage to the lungs of
the workers.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
UNTIDY, DIRTY WORKPLACE
An untidy workplace means potential
accidents.
Equipments and tools should be
placed properly in a tidy manner so
that those who are inside the
workshop and those visiting should
remain safe from tripping over
something which may be harmful or
become exposed to potential danger.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
OVERCROWDED WORKPLACE
A workplace should never be
overcrowded.
Crowded workplaces expose
the workers to danger in a
manner that people can get
hurt due to the carelessness
of their own colleagues.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
BADLY-LIT WORKPLACE
A lot of accidents take place when
workers do not properly recognize the
right tool or trip over something due
to bad light inside the workshop or
workplace.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
PREVENTION
ELIMINATE THE HAZARD
Care should be taken that all potential
hazards should be eliminated from the
workplace.
Replace the hazards with something
less dangerous When there isn’t a
chance of completely eliminating a
particular hazard, it should be replaced
with something less dangerous.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
PREVENTION
GUARD THE HAZARD
All hazards should be well guarded
and workers should not be exposed to
them.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
PREVENTION
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Personal protection should be
ensured for all workers in a
way that it should be
mandatory for all workers to
wear proper PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment) at all
times whilst they are inside the
workshop.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.1d Identify The Causes Of Accident And Accident Prevention
PREVENTION
SAFETY EDUCATION AND
PUBLICITY
Safety trainings should be arranged
for all workers and sign boards
should be placed everywhere so that
safety awareness can be achieved.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Prevention
Cause of Fire
Fire safety, at its most basic, is based upon
the principle of keeping fuel sources and
ignition sources separate.
Three things must be present at the same
time to produce fire:
1. Enough Oxygen to sustain combustion.
2. Enough Heat to reach ignition
temperature.
3. Some Fuel or combustible material.
Together, they produce the chemical
reaction that is fire. Take away any of these
things and the fire will be extinguished.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Types Of Fires
CLASS
REASONS
Class A fires
Fires with solid material like paper,
wood , cloth etc
Class B fires
Fires with flammable liquids, such as
petrol, kerosene, paints etc
Class C fires
Fires with flammable gases, such as LPG
and NGV
Class D fires
Burning metals, such as magnesium,
sodium and lithium
Class E fires
Live electrical equipment fires, such as
in switch boards, electrical equipment,
motors, switches and appliances
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Prevention
Types of Fire Extinguisher
Different types of fire extinguishers are
designed to fight different classes of fire.
The three most common types of fire
extinguishers are:
1. APW ( Air-Pressurized Water)
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) for class E
3. Dry Chemical( ABCD)
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And Colleague
Fire Prevention
Types of Fire Extinguisher
Water (APW)
Large, silver fire extinguishers that stand about 2
feet tall and weigh about 25 pounds when full.
APW stands for “Air-Pressurized Water.”
Filled with ordinary tap water and pressurized air,
they are essentially large squirt guns.
APW’s extinguish fire by taking away the “Heat”
element of the Fire Triangle. APW’s are designed
for Class A fires only: Wood, paper, cloth
APW’s will be found in older buildings, particularly
in public hallways, as well as in residence halls on
campus. They will also be found in computer
laboratories. It is important to remember,
however, that computer equipment must be
disconnected from its electrical source before
using a water extinguisher on it.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Prevention
Types of Fire Extinguisher
CO2 cylinders are red. They range in size from 5
pounds to 100 pounds or larger. On larger sizes, the
horn will be at the end of a long, flexible hose.
CO2’s are designed for Class B and C (flammable
liquids and electrical sources) fires only!
CO2’s will frequently be found in laboratories,
mechanical rooms, kitchens, and flammable liquid
storage areas.
Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes
away the oxygen element of the Fire Triangle. CO2 is
very cold as it comes out of the extinguisher, so it
cools the fuel as well.
A CO2 may not be very effective in extinguishing a
Class A fire because it may not be able to displace
enough oxygen to successfully put the fire out.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Prevention
Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)
ABC extinguishers are filled with a fine, yellow powder.
This powder is mostly composed of mono-ammonium
phosphate. The extinguishers are pressurized with
nitrogen.
Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating the fuel
with a thin layer of dust. This separates the fuel from the
oxygen in the air. The powder also works to interrupt the
chemical reaction of fire. These extinguishers are very
effective at putting out fire.
Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types.
You may see them labeled:
DC (for dry chemical)
ABC (can be used on Class A, B, or C fires)
BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires)
It is extremely important to identify which types of dry
chemical fire extinguishers are located in your area!
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Procedures
It is easy to remember how to use a fire
extinguisher if you remember the
acronym, “PASS.”
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Procedures
Pull the pin
This will allow you to discharge the
extinguisher.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Procedures
Aim at the base of the fire
Hit the fuel if you aim at the flames, the
extinguishing agent will pass right
through and do no good.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Procedures
Squeeze the top handle
This depresses a button that releases
the pressurized extinguishing agent.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Fire Procedures
Sweep from side-to-side until the fire is
completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a safe
distance away and then slowly move
forward. Once the fire is out, keep an
eye on the area in case it re-ignites.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
REPORTING AN EMERGENCY
Time is critical
Report emergencies rapidly
Know the procedures for your building
Use the best available means of
communication
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
THERE IS A FIRE WHAT DO I DO?
• Upon discovering a fire, immediately
sound the building fire alarm and/or
alert other occupants. Only properly
trained emergency response
personnel should assist with the
evacuation of mobility-impaired
individuals.
• From outside of the building dial
emergency number.
• Provide your name, which building
you are in, and the location of the
fire.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
• Recognize the emergency evacuation signal (fire alarm) and listen for
instructions.
• Shut down equipment using the emergency stop and/or main electrical
disconnect.
• Direct and assist students and staff to the nearest safe exit
• Proceed to the assembly area.
• Use your class roster and perform a head count.
• Report any un-accounted for students or staff members.
• When you evacuate, do not stop for personal belongings.
Leave immediately using the nearest exit. Do not use the
elevators.
• Evacuate to the designated meeting location for the building and out of the
way of emergency personnel.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
RACE METHOD OF EVACUATION
•
•
•
•
R
A
C
E
Remove all persons in danger!
Always pull the alarm and call ECU Police Department.
Contain the fire by closing the windows and doors.
Extinguish the fire only if you are trained and confident.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
BUILDING EVACUATION
• Proceed to nearest exit in an orderly fashion.
• Assemble at least 100 feet from the building
at your designated meeting location.
• Provide emergency crews with information
about people still in the building.
• Never re-enter a building until instructed to
by the police department, fire department,
or EH&S staff.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Care Of Eyes
Why is eye safety at work important?
Eye injuries in the workplace are very
common. Of the total amount of
work-related injuries, 10-20 % will
cause temporary or permanent vision
loss.
Experts believe that the right eye
protection could have lessened the
severity or even prevented 90% of
eye injuries in accidents.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Care Of Eyes
What are the common causes of eye
injuries?
Common causes for eye injuries are:
•Flying objects (bits of metal, glass)
•Tools
•Particles
•Chemicals
•Harmful radiation
•Any combination of these or other
hazards
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Care Of Eyes
What type of safety eye protection should I wear?
The type of safety eye protection you should wear depends on the
hazards in your workplace.
If you are working in an area that has particles, flying objects, or dust,
you must at least wear safety glasses with side protection (side shields).
If you are working with chemicals, you should wear goggles.
If you are working near hazardous radiation (welding, lasers, or fiber
optics) you must use special-purpose safety glasses, goggles, face
shields, or helmets designed for that task.
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Use Of Eye /Face Protector
What type of safety eyewear is available to me?
Safety eye/face protection includes:
•
•
•
•
•
Non-prescription and prescription safety
glasses
Goggles
Face shields
Welding helmets
Full-face respirators
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Unit 2 Safety Module (d)
2.2d Identify The Safety Procedure to Prevent Injury to Self And
Colleague
Danger Of Hairs/ Loose Clothing
•Ties
• Long Sleeves
• Torn Clothing
• Long hair near moving parts of
machinery
These types of clothing should be
avoided in the workshops, especially
when dealing with moving jobs or
machine parts, so that it increases the
danger to be caught easily by moving
parts that may cause any Sevier
accident.
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SAFETY IN THE SHOP
• Safety means protecting yourself and others from possible danger and
injury.
• Safety in the workshop is mainly a matter of common sense.
• When everybody obeys the rules the shop is a much safer place in which
to work.
37
SHOP LAYOUT
• When you first go into a shop, find where every thing is located.
• Workshops have lines painted on the floor to mark off work areas. These lines
guide customers and workers away from danger zones around equipment.
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SIGNS
• Signs are posted in the workshop to remind employees and others to obey the
safety rules.
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HAZARDS DUE TO FAULTY WORK HABITS OR CONDITIONS
1. Smoking while handling dangerous materials like gasoline or
solvents.
2. Careless handling of gasoline, alcohol, solvents, or other
flammable fluids.
3. Blocking exits.
4. Spilled oil or antifreeze not cleaned up.
5. Lack of shop exhaust system.
6. Allowing dangling hairs, ties, sleeves or jewellery to fall into the
engine fan, drive belt, or other moving parts.
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HAZARDS DUE TO EQUIPMENT DEFECTS OR MISUSE
1. Incorrect safety guarding of moving machinery. Belts and pulleys
on shop equipment must always be protected with guards.
2. Misuse of compressed air.
3. Flexible electric cord with worn or frayed insulator.
4. Compressed gas cylinder improperly stored or misused.
5. Hand held electrical tools not properly grounded.
6. Automotive lifts not properly used.
7. Jacks or safety stands improperly placed.
8. Using a wheel or tire balancer without the hood in place.
9. Letting the tester leads fall into the engine.
10.Leaving a running power tool unattended.
11.Playing with a fire extinguisher.
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HAND-TOOLS HAZARDS
1. Greasy and oily hand tools are difficult to hold and use. And can
be dangerous. Wipe tools clean before and after using them.
2. Hammers with broken or cracked handles.
3. Chisel and punches with mushroom heads
4. Broken or bent wrenches.
5. Never use a tool that is in poor condition or not right for the job.
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SHOP SAFETY RULES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Work quietly and give your full attention to the job you are doing
Keep your tools and equipment under control.
Keep jack handles out of the way.
Never put screwdriver or other sharp object in your pocket.
Make sure your cloth are right for the job.
Do not wear any ring, bracelet or watches when working around
moving machinery or electrical equipment.
7. Wipe oil and grease from your hand and tools.
8. If you spill oil, grease or any liquid on the floor clean it up.
9. Never use compressed air to blow dirt from your clothes.
10.Never point a compressed air blowgun at another person.
11.Always wear eye protection when liquid spray or particles are flying
about.
12.Wipe out the spilled gasoline at once.
13.Keep your hand away from the engine fan and accessory drive belts
when the engine is running.
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Ten Principles of a Good Technician
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE
CAREFUL VEHICLE HANDLING & TREATMENT
NEATNESS & CLEANLINESS
WORK SAFETY
PLANNING & PREPARATION
SPEEDY, RELIABLE WORK
FINISH BY PROMISED TIME
KEEP OLD PARTS
CHECK WORK WHEN FINISHED
FOLLOW THROUGH
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Principles of Good Workmanship
The 10 Principles of Better Workmanship for Technicians
PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE
Wear a clean uniform with your name on it
Always wear safety shoes
CAREFUL VEHICLE HANDLING &
TREATMENT
Always use seat & fender covers & floor mats.
Drive customer’s vehicle carefully.
Do not use a customer’s audio system, car
telephone, etc.
Never smoke in a customers vehicle.
45
Principles of Good Workmanship
The 10 Principles of Better Workmanship for Technicians
NEATNESS & CLEANLINESS
Keep workshop (floor, tool boxes, workbenches,
gauges, testers, etc.) neat clean & in order.
Discard unneeded items.
Keep all material and parts in order.
Sweeping, washing & scrubbing.
Work with vehicles parked in straight stalls
WORK SAFETY
Use tools & equipment (auto lift, jacks,
grinders, etc.) correctly.
Be careful of fire, do not smoke in workshop.
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Principles of Good Workmanship
The 10 Principles of Better Workmanship for Technicians
PLANNING & PREPARATION
• Identify “Prime item” (main reason customer
brought vehicle into shop)
• Be sure you understand customer’s requests &
Service Advisor’s instructions.
• Be careful specially in the case of comeback jobs.
• Perform diagnosis & communicate with foreman
or Service Advisor if extra work is necessary.
• Plan your work (work procedures & precautions).
• Check to see that necessary parts are in stock.
• Do only work written on Repair Order.
47
Principles of Good Workmanship
The 10 Principles of Better Workmanship for Technicians
SPEEDY, RELIABLE WORK
• Use correct SSTs & testers.
• Work according to Repair Manual, Electrical
Wiring Diagram & Diagnosis Manuals to avoid
guess work. Use SST’s & Testers.
• Ask service advisor, controller Or foreman if
you are not sure of any thing.
• Report to controller service advisor or
foreman if the vehicle requires extra work
that is not mentioned on the repair order.
• Keep up to date on the latest technical
information, such as Technical Service Bulletins.
• Ask foreman or Service Advisor if you are not
sure of any thin.
• Report to foreman or Service Advisor if work is
needed but not written on Repair Order.
• Take full advantage of available training.
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Principles of Good Workmanship
The 10 Principles of Better Workmanship for Technicians
FINISH BY PROMISED TIME
Check occasionally to see if you can finish job on
time.
Notify foreman or Service Advisor if you think
you will finish late (or early), or if additional
work will be necessary.
KEEP OLD PARTS
Put old parts in plastic bag, etc
Put old parts in a predetermined place ( eg, on
floor on passenger’s side of car)
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Principles of Good Workmanship
The 10 Principles of Better Workmanship for Technicians
CHECK WORK WHEN FINISHED
Confirm that prime item has been completed.
Make sure that all other requested work has
been done.
Make sure that vehicle is at least as clean as
when you received it.
Return seats, steering wheel, & mirrors to their
previous positions.
Reset clock, radio, etc, if their memories have
been erased.
FOLLOW THROUGH
Complete Repair Order (eg, write cause of
problem, what parts were replaced & why, how
long job took, etc)
Notify foreman or Service Advisor of any
irregularities you noticed while working.
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