Regents Review Crunch Time-Answer Key
Where did the first humans originate? __African and the Middle East______
Name two characteristics of life during the Paleolithic Age: 1.___Hunting and Gathering__ 2.__Nomadic__
Three results of the Neolithic Revolution: 1._Agriculture_2.Domesticate Animals 3.People are settled/rise of civilizations
Three reasons why people settle along rivers: 1. __Farming/fertile soil___ 2. Resources 3.__Travel and trade_____
Give two examples of Cultural diffusion discussed this year: 1. Trade Routes
2. Development of Hinduism/Spread of Buddhism
Give two examples of civilizations that were ethnocentric: 1. ___China____2._____Europe__
Belief System
Christianity
From Judaism
Main Beliefs
Monotheistic, 1o Commandments, the Bible (Old and New Testaments)
Founder=Jesus Christ during the Roman Empire
Islam
From Judaism
Monothesist, 5 Pillars, the Koran
Founder=Mohammed, holy city of Mecca (present day Saudi Arabia)
Hinduism
Buddhism
From Hinduism
Oldest religion still practiced today
Polytheistic, Karma, Dharma, Reincarnation, Caste System
No one founder, developed as a result of Cultural Diffusion in India
No gods, karma, dharma, no caste system,
goal is to reach nirvana by following the eightfold path
Founder=Siddhartha Guatam aka the Buddha
Began in India and spread to China and Japan
Judaism
Oldest Monotheistic religion, 10 Commandments, the Torah (Old Testament)
Founder=Abraham and Moses in the Middle East
Confucianism
5 relationships, everyone has a place in society, Filial Piety (respect for elders)
civil service exams
Founder=Confucius in China
Shintoism
Worship spirits in nature, enhance nature’s natural beauty
Japan
SIMILAR TO ANIMISM!!!
What are two similarities between Judaism, Christianity, & Islam? 1.__monotheistc_2.__code of ethical behavior___
What is a similarity between the Ten commandments, Five Relationships, and Eightfold Path?___code of ethical behavior_
How did mountainous topography and islands impact the Greeks: ____isolation=development of city-states___
Which type of gov’t was founded in Athens? ___democracy__ What did Sparta emphasize? ___military____
Name two achievements of the Greeks: 1.___olympics______2.___philosophy____ 3.___democracy_
Which famous Macedonian ruler spread Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean World: ___Alexander the Great_
List 3 causes of the fall of Rome: 1. Too big to control_ 2.__invasions_ 3. __weak government/corruption_
Identify the Law Code for Babylon: _Hammurabi’s Code__Rome: __Twelve Tables____Byzantine: _Justinian’s Code
What is the trading center of the Byzantine Empire: Constantinople. It becomes: Istanbul (capitol of modern day Turkey)_
How did the Byzantine Empire influence the Russians: 1. Language (cyrillc)
2.Religion (Eastern Orthodox) 3.Greek and Roman Culture__
What were three similarities between the Golden ages of Islam, the Tang and Song dynasties, and the Gupta Empire?
1.__Achievements____ 2.__Wealth____ 3.__Peace___ 4.Population Growth_____
What is Feudalism? __exchange of Land for Loyalty, rigid social class system___________________
Who had feudalism? Europe in the Middle Ages_ & ___Japan______
Who followed the code of chivalry? _Knights__ What can that be compared to? _Bushido for Samurai___
Name 3 causes of the Crusades: 1.__Reclaim Holy Land for Chirstianity__ 2._Goods from the Middle East
3._Free from Feudal obligations
Name 3 Effects of the Crusades: 1. Increased Trade/cultural diffusion__ 2._End of Feudalism and the Middle Ages__
3.__Increased Religious Conflict_
What did the Tokugawa Shogunate do to Japan in 1653? _Introduce Feudalism to Japan____
Who were the Mongols? __Nomadic warriors who built an Empire across Asia in the 1200s_____
What impact did they have on Russia? ____Absolute government and Isolation________
Which three civilizations thrived off of the Gold and Salt trade (Trans-Saharan)? 1._Mali__ 2.__Ghana_ 3._Songhai_
Which ruler brought the religion of Islam to Mali? __MANSA MUSA! (he went to MECCA)__
Name two similarities between the Maya and Aztecs: 1.__success before arrival of Europeans___
2.__polytheistc/human sacrifice___
Name two similarities between the Aztecs and Incas: 1. _success before arrival of Europeans__
2. _adapted to their environments_
Which three civilizations created a system of roads for trade? 1._Rome__ 2.__Incas_ 3.__Aztecs___
What are two characteristics of the Renaissance? 1._Rebirth of Greek and Roman culture_
2. _humanism/focus on worldy issues___
Who wrote the 95 Theses? _Martin Luther_ Why? _angry with corruption in Catholic Church/sale of indulgences__
Name three effects of the Protestant Reformation: 1._Europe no longer religiously united_
2._Protestant sect of Chirstianity_ 3._Catholic Counter Reformation__
Name three effects of the printing press: 1. _Increased literacy_
2._spread of Protestant reformation__ 3. _spread of Vernacular_
Which new technologies made exploration possible? 1._caravel (ship)__ 2.__astrolabe (navigation tool)
3. Map making techniques___
What is Mercantilism? __colonies exist to economically benefit the mother countries_________
Why were Africans taken from Africa? _Slave trade_____
Name three effects of the Age of Exploration:
1.__Colonies in the Americas__ 2.__Columbian Exchange____ 3.__Growth of Slave Trade__
Who westernized and modernized Russia? 1._Peter the Great_____ 2. __Catherine the Great____
What is divine right? __power to rule comes from God____ It is similar to: ____Mandate of Heaven__________
Name two documents that limited the power of the monarch: 1.__Magna Carta___ 2. __English Bill of Rights__
Name two scientists of the Scientific Revolution: 1.__Galileo_ 2.____Newton___
What was the purpose of the Enlightenment? __Increase thinking to solve problems______
What did John Locke believe? __Natural Rights__ Different than Hobbes? __People are greddy and selfish and
need strong government____
Name three causes of French Rev:
1.___Absolute Monarchy___ 2.___Dissasfaction of the Third Estate 3._American Revolution_
Name three effects of the French Rev:
1.___Democratic ideals introduced 2.__Napoleon 3.__Nationalism/influenced other revolutions__
Name two purposes of the Congress of Vienna: 1._Return Europe to pre-Napoleon Empire___
2.Force Napoleon to step down___
Which two revolutions inspired Latin American revolutions? 1. American__ & 2.___French_____
What do Garibaldi, Toussaint L’Ouverture, Father Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar have in common? Latin American Rev.
Leaders
How did Otto von Bismarck unify Germany? “_Blood__ & _Iron__”
Which two resources were essential to industrialization in England? 1._Iron Ore and Coal_ 2._Capital (money)__
Name three effects of the Ind. Rev.: 1._Laissez-Faire (hands in the air!)___ 2._Rise of Big Business_
3.__Urbanization__ 4. New class structure 5.Terrible Working conditions___
Karl Marx believed that all of history was the history of “__class struggles____”
Marx predicted the __lower class (bourgeoisie)_ would overthrow the _upper class (proletariat)__ and create a
classless society
Name two causes of European Imperialism: 1._Nationalism___ 2.__Desire for colonies and overseas markets_
Idea that it was Europeans duty to civilize the natives of the colonies: __”White Man’s Burden” (the poem)_
Two effects of the Berlin Conference: 1.__Set up rules for colonizing Africa___
2.___Avoid war between European Countries____
What was the purpose of the Sepoy (India) and Boxer (China) Rebellions? _overthrow imperialism_____
What were two long-term causes of WWI? 1._Miliarism__2.__Alliances__3.Nationalism 4. Imperialism____
What was the spark of WWI? __Assasination of Archduke Ferdniad_________
Name three provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
1.___Punish Germany_______ 2.__League of Nations_____ 3.___Collapse of Empires_______
What did these harsh terms in the T.O.V lead to? _Territorial Loses, Military restrictions and war reparations
to be paid by Germany
Name two causes of the Russian Revolution: 1.__Lack of modernization____ 2.__Harsh Czarist Rule_
What three things did Lenin and the Bolsheviks promise the Russian people? “__peace__, _land_, & _bread_”
Name two effects of the Russian Rev. 1.__Communism/command economy__ 2._Totalitarian Rule__
Which three dictators rose to power between WWI & WWII? 1. _Mussolini (Italy) 2. _Hitler (Germany)
3. _Stalin (Russia)_
Which political party did Hitler and Mussolini belong to? _Facism_
What was the purpose of Stalin’s Five Year Plans? 1._Build Industry____ 2. _Five year plans___
What were three aspects of totalitarian rule? 1._Censorship___ 2. __One-party dictatorship____
3. __Low standard of living___
During which time period did Japan open back up from isolation? _Meiji Restoration____
What policy did they adopt? __Modernization__ Why? _Open up Ports for trading____
Which policy did European leaders use at the Munich Conference prior to WWII? ___Appeasement_______
Which organization failed to stop the aggressive actions of Japan, Italy, and Germany? __League of Nations_______
What was the official beginning of World War II on 9/1/1939? ___German invasion of Poland________
Which mistake did both Hitler and Napoleon make in war? __Underestimate the harsh winter in Russia_____
Name two effects of World War II: 1.__The Holocaust and Nuremburg Trials____ 2. ___United Nations
3. Great Human Loss 4.Occupied Nations_
Which two superpowers competed during the Cold War? _United States__ & __Soviet Union__
What was major difference between these two countries? __Democracy/Capitalism vs Commuism/Command__
Which policy did Truman adopt to deal with the Soviet Union? __Containment__ Example:
_CONTAINING/stopping the spread of Communism_(Korean and Vietnam Wars)_
Name three examples of how these two countries “fought”: 1.__Space Race_ 2. Arms Race
3.Division of Germany and Berlin_
Which two military alliances were created during the Cold War? 1.__NATO___ 2. _Warsaw Pact__
Which two groups helped Mao Zedong come to power in China? 1._Peasants___ 2.__Women_____
How was Mao’s Great Leap Forward similar to Stalin’s Five Year Plans? __Communes, Quotas_ Impact:
__FAILURE: famines and poverty_
What was the Cultural Revolution? _Renew people’s loyalty to Communism in China
What did Deng Xiaoping allow for in his Four Modernizations? __Modernization and industrialization, foreign
investments___
Name two other communist leaders who had a similar policy? 1._Fidel Castro (Cuba) & 2.Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)
Which policy did Gandhi use in his quest for independence? _Non-violence_
Two Examples: Salt March and Boycotts
Which country was created for Muslims? __Pakistan____ Which territory is still fought over? ___Kashmir__
What was similar between Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, & Leopold Senghor? _Independence leaders in
Africa__
Which policy was Nelson Mandela fighting to end in South Africa? __Apartheid_______
This was the movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine: ___Zionism______
This declaration by the British promised the land to the Jewish population: _Balfour Declaration____ Impact:
_Creation of State of Israel__
Which two groups are still fighting over the “holy land” today? __Jews___ & ___Muslims/Palestinians___
This organization, led by Yasser Arafat, was created to get rid of Israel: Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)_
This peace agreement between Egypt and Israel was mediated by the U.S.:__Camp David Accords____
Gorbachev’s two policies that led to the breakup of the Soviet Union: 1._Perestroika (help the economy)_
2._glastnost (openness/honesty)___
Name three examples of innocent protests that were put down violently by the gov’t/foreign power:
1. ______________ (Russia) 2. ______________ (India) 3. _________________ (China)
Name three genocides we studied in history: 1._Cambodian__ 2. __Rwandan___ 3. __Holocaust___
Name one modern day problem for the following countries/regions:
1. __Desetification___ (Africa) 2. _Poverty/Diesease__ (India) 3. __Fundamentalism (Middle East)
Name three environmental issues our world faces: 1.__Global Warming__ 2. _Pollution 3.__Deforestation__