Tools and Resources
With a focus on assessment methods and
Emergency Shelter EIA & Action Checklist
1
Focus of this Session
• Community-based rapid assessment methods
• How to use the Emergency Shelter
Environmental Impact Assessment and Action
Checklist
2
What do disaster assessments
determine?
• The impact that a hazard had on a society
• The needs and priorities for immediate
emergency measures to save and sustain the
lives of survivors
• The resources available
• The possibilities for facilitating and
expediting longer-term recovery and
development
3
Quick Exercise:
Rapid Information collection methods
– Brainstorm a list of rapid information collection
methods that can be used in disaster assessments.
4
Direct Observation
Observe and assess:
• Physical conditions of
surroundings
• Damages
• Condition of crops and
livestock
• Collect information on relevant
infrastructure, supplies and
activities
UNFPA photo
5
Fly Overs
NOAA Minnesota River flooding 2001
USAID: flooded river in Afghanistan
6
Key Informants
• Individuals who can provide
needed information, ideas
and insights
• Based on semi-structured
interview guides
• Informal atmosphere
• Diverse set of informants:
government, private
entrepreneurs, traders,
community leaders, women of
different ages & occupations
Photo:MDG Report, Bangladesh
7
Group Interviews
Interactions generate new ideas and insights
8
Household Interviews
• Sometimes segregated
according to gender or
livelihood group
http://islamabad.usembassy.gov/pakistan/img/assets
/4467/usaid_05071801_180.jpg
9
Community Meetings
http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/mpe/csi/econhd/2002/kirshen
/img29.html
•
Public meetings open to all community members
to discuss needs and projects
10
Other Assessment Reports?
It is also possible to
extract information from
other legitimate disaster
assessment reports
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Issues to consider: Inclusion
USAID photo- Algeria, post-earthquake 2002a
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Reaching Urban, Isolated, or
Elderly Community Members
Pakistan
Earthquake, 2005
UNHCR Chad reugee camp
http://www.unrefugees.org/emergency.cfm
13
Emergency Shelter
Environmental Impact Assessment
and Action Checklist
Identifying Critical Environmental
Considerations in Shelter Site
Selection, Construction, Management
and Decommissioning
14
Its purpose…
The Emergency Shelter EIA and Action
Checklist provides emergency shelter project
managers and field staff a means to:
• Quickly assess shelter-related environmental
impacts and,
• Quickly identify practical local actions to address
these impacts.
15
The Checklist is explicitly design for
emergency and transitional shelter
situations
16
The Checklist focuses on four
stages in the shelter life cycle:
1.
Selection of the shelter site
Form 1
2.
Construction of buildings and
infrastructure on the site,
Form 2
3.
Management of the site while it is
occupied, and
Form 3
4.
Decommissioning (closing) of a site
when it is no longer needed.
Form 4
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Six steps are required to complete
each form
Step One: Complete the information at the top of the form
Step Two: Answer the question in the first column of each form
with a yes or no.
Step Three: Circle the appropriate answer to the question in
the second column
Step Four: Refer to the 3rd column (Guidance) to determine
whether the yes or no answer identifies a potential
environment-linked issue (“If the answer is…”).
Step Five: If the answer does identify an environmental issue,
then review the guidance in the 3rd and 4th columns as to
what actions should be taken to address the issue.
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Step Six
If actions do need to be taken to address an
environmental issue, use the 5th column to:
• Describe the action to be taken
• Who will take the action
• When the action will be completed
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Emergency Shelter Site
Selection Checklist
Question
Has the
community
near or
surrounding
the site been
consulted
about the site
selection?
Ans. Guidance
Sources of Info
IF NO
Communities
near or
surrounding
the site
should be
involved in
the site
selection
process.
ALNAP Global Study:
Participation by
Affected Populations
in Humanitarian
Action: Practitioner
Handbook
Yes/
No
Follow-up
Actions &
Comments
20
Shelter Site Construction
Checklist
Question
Does the site
physical plan
meet the
requirements
set out in
Sphere?
Ans. Guidance
Yes/
No
IF NO
Review and
incorporate
appropriate
Sphere
standards
into the site
plan (see
the Sphere
web site for
information
on Sphere).
Sources of Info
Follow-up
Actions &
Comments
Humanitarian
Charter and
Minimum
Standards,
Chapters 1 to 5,
21
Shelter Site Management
Checklist
Question
Ans. Guidance
Is there a site Yes/
management No
plan?
IF NO
Develop a
site
management
plan.
Sources of Info
Follow-up
Actions &
Comments
transitional
settlement:
displaced
populations (part
b), Chapter 8:
Camps and
Chapter 6:
Construction.
22
Shelter Site Decommissioning
Checklist
Question
Ans. Guidance
Is there a site Yes/
decommisNo
sioning plan?
IF NO
Develop a
decommissioning
plan.
Sources of Info
Follow-up
Actions &
Comments
Camp Management
Toolkit, Norwegian
Refugee Council
(2004), Chapter 18:
Camp Closure
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A word about transect walks
• Transect walks are walks which PLA teams
take around the community in order to observe
the people, surroundings and resources.
Transect walks are therefore spatial data
gathering tools
• Draw a “transect line” through a map of all zones
of the community in order to provide a
representative view.
24
Field Exercise
Place a photo here from the site you will visit
25
Assignment for today
• Form teams of 4 – 6 participants
• Interview key informants at your site
• Make a transect walk through the community
• Make direct observations of environmentalrelated conditions – Photograph them
• Completely fill out Form 3, Shelter Site
Management Checklist
See Handout 2.4.1
26
Assignment for tomorrow
• Report which questions on the checklist resulted
in the identification of environmental issues and
recommendations.
• Be prepared to prioritize those recommendations.
• Please use graphics in your presentation.
(Photos, Pictures, Drawings, Maps, Satellite
images…)
27
Team assignments
Determine:
• Who is the Team Leader?
• Who is taking notes?
• Who is translating?
• Who is monitoring the gender perspective?
28
Remember!
• Please be respectful of the community where we
are going for the field trip
• We are their guests
• They are doing us a favor by allowing us to visit
their community.
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