Types of Restaurants
1) Corporate-companies w/ multiple
concepts
2) Chains-multiple units of the same
concept
3) Franchisee/Franchisor-A
company that allows another to
use its name, sell products, &
receive services
4) Independents/entrepreneursSingle restaurants as well as
individuals who open a concept
or restaurant.
Food Service Ratings
• Zagat Survey – consumer based
guide that rates restaurants on 4
qualities.
1) Food
2) Décor
3) Service
4) Cost
Each area rated on a 30 pt scale.
Based on a survey from many
people. Available on internet & book.
• Michelin Guide – Better known in
Europe but used here too. Rating
based on this:
• Quality, Mastery of flavors, cooking
mastery, personality of cuisine,
value for the price, consistency.
- 1 star – very Good
- 2 Star-Excellent
- 3 star-pinnacle of exceptional
cuisine. Very hard to get!!
Career in the Hospitality Industry
Advantages
Challenges
• Abundance of Jobs- 2nd largest
employer
• Advancement Opportunitiespeople advance more quickly in
hospitality
• Fast pace & variety!!
• Meeting new people every day
• Travel
• Provides services to people &
can be demanding.
• “Round-the-clock industry
• Hours of work-nights, weekends,
holidays
• Stress-fast paced career
• Working conditions – no air
• Relocation
Segments of the Hospitality Industry
• Catering-provides opportunity for creativity in menu selection & style
of service. Wide range of opportunities from private homes,
corporate events, golf tournaments, weddings,etc. No 2 events are
the same.
• Retail-Businesses that offer home meal replacements & ready-made
dishes. Restaurants in department stores or take-out sections of
grocery stores are examples (Publix)
• Stadiums-a sports arena. Up to 8,000 people needing foodservice.
Has servers, walking vendors, cooks, cashiers, corporate suites w
high-end food. Usually a contract feeder.
Segments Continued
• Convention Centers- A gathering of people who have something in
common. Expositions-Large shows, open to the public, that highlight a
particular type of product or service. (Gun show) Trade showrestricted to those involved in the industry being featured.
Manufacturers rent space at trade shows to exhibit, advertise, and
demonstrate their product or service to people interested in that
field. The NRA show is 1 of the larges conventions in the world in any
profession.
• National & State Parks-Many parks offer accommodations from
campgrounds to hotels, restaurants, and recreational facilities.
Segments Continued
• Theme Parks-Impacts all hospitality industries such as foodservice,
lodging,& transportation. They impact local economies & job markets
of the areas they are located.
• Shopping-Malls and outlet malls attract tourists as a recreation. Many
foodservice opportunities in malls. Quick-service & casual-dining. The
Mall of America has 500 stores, 20 sit-down restuaraunts, 30 fast
food. Big outlet centers attract tourists. Some large dept stores offer
foodservice. Target has Starbucks, etc.
• Monuments, museums,& Zoos- More than half of art museums have
sit-down restaurants (BMA). Zoos & monuments offer foodservice &
concessions.
Segments continued
• Health Services- boom in foodservice opportunities in hospitals, long-term
care facilities, & assisted living facilities.
• Schools & Universities-Commissary/satellite feeding uses a kitchen
prepared at one place & ships it to another location to be served.
• Military-More than 1 million means are prepared in military kitchens each
day. Must focus on nutrition.
• Corrections-Preparing food at minimal cost. Both contract feeding & staff
employed directly by the institutions which offer competitive wages at
management level.
• Lodging-Wide range of opportunities. Many luxury hotels have awardwinning, fine-dining operations. Other properties have coffee carts to
buffets to full-service operations.
Career Pathways
Front of the House
Back of the House
• Employees serve guests directly.
Includes managers, banquet
managers, dining room
managers, matire d’s,
hosts/hostesses, cashiers, bar
staff, serving staff, & busers.
• Employees work outside the
public space. Includes line cooks,
pastry chefs, dishwashers,
bookkeepers, storeroom clerks,
purchasers, dieticians, and menu
planners. (chefs table &
exhibition kitchen)
Entry Level Jobs
One that requires little or no previous experience.
Lead to other positions with more responsibility.
Foodservice industry offers more entry-level jobs and generates more new jobs than any other service
industry.
• Host/hostess/cashier: The 1st impression guests receive. Take
reservations, greet & seat customers, assist w coats, take
reservations, answer questions such as hours of operations, menu
questions, etc. May be the cashier too.
• Quick-service counter servers: Greets customers, takes order, takes
money, etc. (McDonald's) Only has a few minutes to make good
impression on customer.
• Buser-Assists the server & takes care of guests’ needs. Responsible for
clearing & grooming the table.
Entry level jobs cont.
• Prep cooks – help more experienced cooks & chef prepare & cook
guests’ orders. Often portion out food, precook it, or get it ready to
assemble for the more experienced cooks to finish when guests
arrive.
• Dishwasher-Clean, sparkling, sanitary tableware is essential. Washes
dishes and keeps an eye on service areas to make sure supplies do
not run out.
Careers in Restaurant &
Foodservice, Lodging, Travel,
and Tourism
Restaurant &
Foodservice Careers
• Owner/Operators & Entrepreneurs-own & run own businesses. Well
Must be well organized & willing to work long hours.
• General Managers-responsible for planning, direction, & coordination
of operation. Hiring, firing, & day-to-day operation of business.
• Managers-Divided into categories within an operation such as
catering, beverage, kitchen, & dining room. Hiring & supervising
employees, staff training, keeping food safe, marketing, managing
costs, etc.
• Assistant Managers-Help the managers. Train to be a manager.
• Executive chef-oversees entire kitchen. Purchasing,schedules, decides
menu items.
• Sous chef-responsible for kitchen team and manages overall food
production.
• Banquet chef-responsible for catered parties. Usually work in lodging
operations & clubs.
• Pastry chefs – Responsible for pastry & baking production in an
operation. Most work in hotels, fine-dining restaurants, & restaurants
with high volumes of customers.
• Station Cooks – responsible for a variety of areas within a kitchen. The
pantry or garde manger cook is responsible for cold food and buffet
arrangements. The roast cooks prepares meat, poultry, and fish. The
sauce cook prepares sauces and stocks. The vegetable cook prepares
veggies and soups.
• Food writers – Need strong communication skills to write books,
magazine articles, & brochures, providing consumers w information
about food & related matters.
• Food stylists – arrange food attractively for photographs to be
included in magazines, brochures, etc
• Foodservice Marketers- active in sales, management, & distribution of
food products & services. A huge amount of food & products must be
marketed & sold to foodservice operators.
• Research & development chefs-development & testing of new
products in test kitchens & labs. Marketing & promotion can also be a
part of it.
• Food Scientists-Study the composition of food. Develop new food
products as well as new ways to process & package them. Test food
for quality, purity, & safety to make sure they meet government
standards.
• Nutritionists & dieticians-trained in food & nutrition. Help people
make wise food choices and develop special diets. Dieticians usually
work in universities, restaurants, schools, hospitals, cafeterias.
• Food Production & Food Processing-Includes everything from running
a food manufacturing & processing facility to distributing food
products to restaurants. Requires a large network of people.
• Accountants/controllers-Knowledgeable about trends in industry, give
financial advice, & handle payroll & financial procedures.
• Trainers – Conduct raining sessions for groups of employees or
managers. Usually work for large restaurant & foodservice companies
that own many units. Must give employees & managers the right
training for their jobs.
• Retail Food Managers – Should know how to prepare food,
understand & apply food safety standards, & promote what they have
to their customers. This area is growing rapidly.
• Foodservice & hospitality educators-Needed at many levels. Most
work in industry & move into educator positions.
Careers in Lodging
Divided into those with customer contact and those that support the
running of the operation
• General Management – Responsible for overall planning,direction, &
coordinating of the operation. Hiring, firing, & promoting. Leave day
to day functions to managers who report back to them.
• Accounting & Financial management – Keep track of overall profits
record sales, & calculate costs.
• Human resources – Recruit, select, & train qualified applicants and
evaluate performance. Must administer federal, state, and local labor
laws and oversee benefits program.
• Marketing & Sales – Generate the property’s sales. Make sure facility
& services are well suited to customers needs.
• Front office – the “nerve center” represents what a lodging
establishment is to most guests. Must have good people skills & offer
quality service.
• Housekeeping – Maintain property, clean rooms for guests.
• Security – A lodging facility may employ a number of security
personnel, including a director, watchmen, guards, & detectives.
• Food & beverage – Good people skills and a commitment to quality.
Oversees the kitchen, dining room, lounge, banquet rooms, & room
service. Supervises & schedules employees, monitors product cost
control, & composing menus.
• Concierge – Employed by hotels, motels, and resorts, the concierge
serves guests by helping them buy tickets to shows and events,
answering questions, booking restaurant reservations, & more.
Careers in Travel & Tourism:
Transportation
All methods of travel. Many of these companies must employ drivers,
ticket agents, mechanics, engineers, managers, & other adminstrators.
Transportation Careers
• Travel Agent – Helping travelers with all of their arrangements. Make
airline reservations, plan trips, set itineraries, excursions, etc.
• Corporate Travel Office Employees – Large companies employ their own inhouse travel services. These employees make travel arrangement for their
employees business trips.
• Airline careers – Offers many jobs from flight attendant, reservations agent,
ticken agent, pilot, mechanic, & baggage handler.
• Trains – conductors, engineers, & ticket agents. Many stations have
restaurant & foodservice operations.
• Cruise ships – Many ships have as many as 1,000 employees on board from
chefs to engineers to entertainers.
• Charter Services – Private companies offer specific traveling
arrangements for groups or individuals. Opportunities include private
aviation and bus charters, among others.
• Buses, limousines, and cars – Drivers of all types are an important
part of this segment. Includes private aviation and bus charters,
among others. Rental car companies also included.
Tourism Careers
• Tour Guide - Many tour guides lead trips that appeal to niche
markets, or groups of people having similar interests, ages, or skills,,
and common travel objectives.
• Tourism Office Employees – Established by state & local governments
and provide information to people who are visiting or who would like
to visit an area. They answer questions, create marketing &
advertising campaigns, & collect statistics on travelers.
• Convention & meeting planners – Needed to see the countless
arrangements & details that go into large meetings & conventions.
Invite speakers, arrange meeting rooms, hire video producers, etc.
• Travel writers & photographers – Most newspapers & many
magazines and journals carry travel-related stories. These people
provide the words & photos for those stories. Many travel firms &
tour companies also employ writers & photographers to create
promotional materials.
• Theme park & amusement park employees – Can employ hundreds or
sometimes thousands of people. Disney employs thousands of people
in management, accounting, administrative, & entertainment
positions.
• National Park Service – Park Rangers, archaeologists, firefighters,
restaurant & foodservice managers, and many administrative
positions.