ME33: Fluid Flow
Information and Introduction
Eric G. Paterson
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University
Spring 2005
Note to Instructors
These slides were developed1 during the spring semester 2005, as a teaching aid
for the undergraduate Fluid Mechanics course (ME33: Fluid Flow) in the Department of
Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering at Penn State University. This course had two
sections, one taught by myself and one taught by Prof. John Cimbala. While we gave
common homework and exams, we independently developed lecture notes. This was
also the first semester that Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications was
used at PSU. My section had 93 students and was held in a classroom with a computer,
projector, and blackboard. While slides have been developed for each chapter of Fluid
Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, I used a combination of blackboard and
electronic presentation. In the student evaluations of my course, there were both positive
and negative comments on the use of electronic presentation. Therefore, these slides
should only be integrated into your lectures with careful consideration of your teaching
style and course objectives.
Eric Paterson
Penn State, University Park
August 2005
1 These
slides were originally prepared using the LaTeX typesetting system (http://www.tug.org/)
and the beamer class (http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/), but were translated to PowerPoint for
wider dissemination by McGraw-Hill.
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Information and Introduction
Time and Location
ME 033, Fluid Flow, Section 1
Time: 12:20 - 1:10, MWF
Location: 220 Hammond
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Information and Introduction
Instructor and TA
Eric Paterson
Assoc. Prof. of Mechanical Engineering
Dept Head and Senior Research Assoc., Applied Research Lab
Ph.D., The University of Iowa, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic
Research
Research Interests
Naval Hydrodynamics: turbulence simulation, cavitation,
flow control, vehicle maneuvering, hydroacoustics
Biological Fluid Dynamics: cardiovascular flows, artificial organs,
bio-mimetics
Shankar Narayanan
Graduate student in Mechanical Engineering
Home country: India
Research interest: Computational Fluid Dynamics
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Information and Introduction
Textbook
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals
and Applications
Yunus Cengal (UNV Reno) and
John Cimbala (Penn State)
ISBN: 0072472367
Published Jan. 2005
Includes DVD with movies created
at PSU by Prof. Gary Settles
Available at
PSU Bookstore, $135.00
Amazon.com, $132.50
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Information and Introduction
ANGEL
All class material and announcements will be
posted on ANGEL (www.angel.psu.edu), Penn
State’s Course Management System
Syllabus
Class policies
Schedule/Calendar
Lecture notes
Message boards
Homework assignments
Grades
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Information and Introduction
Grading and Academic Integrity Policies
All exams and homework assignments are
comprehensive
Homework: 35%
Mid-Term: 30%
Final: 35%
College of Engineering's Academic Integrity
website explains what behaviors are in violation
of academic integrity, and the review process for
such violations
Specifically for this course
First offense: zero score for the item in question
Second offense: failure of the course
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Information and Introduction
Homework
Philosophy
One of the best ways to learn something is
through practice and repetition
Therefore, homework assignments are
extremely important in this class!
Homework sets will be carefully designed,
challenging, and comprehensive. If you study
and understand the homework, you should
not have to struggle with the exams
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Information and Introduction
Homework
Policy
Homework is due on Friday at the beginning of class.
Homework turned in late will receive partial credit according to
the following rules:
1. 10% off if turned in after class, but before 5:00 on the due date
2. 25% off if turned in after 5:00 on the due date, but by 5:00 the next
school day
3. 50% off if turned in after 5:00 the next school day, but within one
week
4. No credit if turned in after one week
Exceptions will be made under extreme circumstances.
Solutions will be made available within a week after the due
date
To ease grading, homework submissions MUST follow
specified format (see ANGEL)
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Information and Introduction
Homework
Policy, continued
Students are allowed (and encouraged) to work in
groups of two or three on the homework
assignments, provided that each person in the group
is contributing to each solution. If students choose to
work in a group, only one completed assignment
needs to be turned in per group. Please make sure
that each student's name is indicated clearly on the
cover page of the homework assignment. All students
in a group will receive the same grade for that
assignment
Only a subset of assigned problems will be
thoroughly graded. The remaining problems will only
be checked for correct answers
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Motivation for Studying Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics is omnipresent
Aerodynamics
Bioengineering and biological systems
Combustion
Energy generation
Geology
Hydraulics and Hydrology
Hydrodynamics
Meteorology
Ocean and Coastal Engineering
Water Resources
…numerous other examples…
Fluid Mechanics is beautiful
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Information and Introduction
Aerodynamics
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Bioengineering
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Energy generation
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Geology
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River Hydraulics
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Hydraulic Structures
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Hydrodynamics
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Meteorology
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Water Resources
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Fluid Mechanics is Beautiful
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Information and Introduction
Tsunamis
Tsunami: Japanese for “Harbour Wave”
Created by earthquakes, land slides, volcanoes,
asteroids/meteors
Pose infrequent but high risk for coastal regions.
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Tsunamis: role in religion, evolution, and
apocalyptic events?
Most cultures have deep at
their core a flood myth in which
the great bulk of humanity is
destroyed and a few are left to
repopulate and repurify the
human race. In most of these
stories, God is meting out
retribution, punishing those
who have strayed from his path
Were these “local” floods due
to a tsunami instead of global
events?
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Tsunamis: role in religion, evolution, and
apocalyptic events?
Scientists now widely accept that the
worldwide sequence of mass extinctions at
the Cretaceous Tertiary (K/T) boundary 65
million years ago was directly caused by the
collision of an asteroid or comet with Earth.
Evidence for this includes the large (200-km
diameter) buried impact structure at
Chicxulub in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, the
worldwide iridium-enriched layer at the K/T
boundary, and the tsunamic deposits well
inland in North America, all dated to the same
epoch as the extinction event.
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Information and Introduction
Tsunamis: role in religion, evolution, and
apocalyptic events?
La Palma Mega-Tsunami = geologic time bomb?
Cumbre Vieja volcano erupts and causes western
half of La Palma island to collapse into the Atlantic
and send a 1500 ft. tsunami crashing into Eastern
coast of U.S.
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Information and Introduction
Methods for Solving Fluid Dynamics
Problems
Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD)
Mathematical analysis of governing
equations, including exact and
approximate solutions. This is the primary
focus of ME33
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Numerical solution of the governing
equations
Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD)
Observation and data acquisition.
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Analytical Fluid Dynamics
How fast do tsunamis travel in the deep ocean?
Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
Linearized wave equation for inviscid, irrotational flow
Shallow-water approximation, l/h >> 1
For g = 32.2 ft/s2 and h=10000 ft, c=567 ft/s = 387 miles/hr
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Computational Fluid Dynamics
In comparison to analytical
methods, which are good
for providing solutions for
simple geometries or
behavior for limiting
conditions (such as
linearized shallow water
waves), CFD provides a
tool for solving problems
with nonlinear physics and
complex geometry.
Animation by Vasily V. Titov, Tsunami
Inundation Mapping Efforts, NOAA/PMEL
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Information and Introduction
Experimental Fluid Dynamics
Oregon State University
Wave Research
Laboratory
Model-scale experimental
facilities
Tsunami Wave Basin
Large Wave Flume
Dimensional analysis
(Chapter 7 of C&C) is
very important in
designing a model
experiment which
represents physics of
actual problem
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Information and Introduction
Experimental Fluid Dynamics
Experiments are
sometimes conducted in
the field or at full scale
For tsunamis, data
acquisition is used for
warning
DART: Deep-ocean
Assessment and
Reporting of Tsunamis
Primary sensor: Bourdon
tube for measuring
hydrostatic pressure
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Information and Introduction