Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MEASUREMENT SKILLS
1. Measure the distance between your shoulder and wrist in centimeters. Remember to label your answer
using the correct unit.
2. Using a tape measure, measure the circumference of a ball using the correct unit and identify the ball
measured.
3. Measure the length of Science laboratory in meters. Remember to label your answer using the correct
unit.
2
4. Measure the length of business envelope in centimeters. Remember to label your answer using the
correct unit.
5. What is the perimeter of holiday card if the card measures 25 cm on two sides and 63 cm on two sides?
6. Draw a triangle with sides that align with the following measurements: 6 inches, 12 ¾ inches, and 8 ½
inches. Remember to label your answer using the correct unit.
7. Fill in the blank with <, >, or =.
4 quartz _________________ 3.784liters
8. . Fill in the blank with <, >, or =.
190 minutes _______________one ½ hours
9. What is the formula in determining the area of a square or rectangle?
3
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: UNIT CONVERSION
Conversions
1 hour = 3600 seconds
1 meter = 3.28 feet
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
1 m/s = 2.2 miles/hour
1 mile = 5280 feet
1 km = 0.62 miles
1 lb = 0.45 kg
1 foot = 12 inches
Convert the following quantities.
1. 565,900 seconds into days
2. 17 years into minutes
3. 43 miles into feet
4. 165 pounds into kilograms
5. 100 yards into meters
6. 22,647 inches into miles
7. 2678 cm into feet
4
1 yard = 3 feet
1 light second = 300,000,000 meters
1 quart = 0.946 liters
1 inch = 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm
8. 60 miles per hour into meters per second
9. 130 meters per second into miles per hour
10. 1100 feet per second into miles per hour
11. 53 yards per hour into inches per week
12. 721 lbs per week into kg per second
13. 88 inches per second into miles per day
14. 12080 gallons per month into liters per hour
15. 27 miles per gallon into kilometers per liter
16. 186,282 miles per second into meters per second
5
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Part I. Change the following numbers to proper scientific notation:
1)
0.083
2)
678.3
3)
3 450 00
4)
34 500 000
5)
300 000 000
Part II. Change the following numbers to standard notation:
6)
6.5 x 10-4
7)
9.7 x 102
8)
1.4 x 10-1
9)
9.25 X 10 8
10)
6.07 X 1023
6
Score:
Date: _________
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS
1. Convert each of the following into scientific notation.
a)
3427
j)
0.0000455
b)
0.00456
k)
2205.2
c)
123,453
l)
30.0  10 2
d)
172
m)
0.982  103
e)
0.000984
n)
0.0473
f)
0.502
o)
650,502
g)
3100.0  102
p)
3.03  101
h)
0.0114  104
q)
20.4  105
i)
107.2
r)
1000  103
2. Determine the number of significant figures in each of the following:
a)
3427
e)
0.000984
g) 3100.0  10
2
b)
0.00456
f)
0.502
h) 0.0114  10
4
c)
123,453
d)
172
7
i) 107.2
j) 0.0000455
m) 0.982  10
k) 2205.2
l) 30.0  10
2
3
n) 0.0473
o)
650,502
p) 3.03  10
q) 20.4  10
1
5
r) 1000  10
3
3. Convert each into decimal form.
a) 1.56  10
4
e) 0.00259  10
2
f) 13.69  10
2
g) 6.9  10
b) 0.56  10
c) 3.69  10
d) 736.9  10
5
8
4
2
5
5. Round each of the following to 3 significant figures.
a)
77.0653
b)
6,300,278.2
c)
0.00023350
d)
10.2030
e)
9
2.895  1021
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic: PHYSICS WORD SCRAMBLE
Direction: Unscramble the words as fast as you can.
1.REGNEY
1.
2.TAERTM
2.
3. EEYILCTRCTI
3.
4. ARGITYV
4.
5. GLTIH
5.
6. TRNUCER
6.
7. INTECIK
7.
8. VAWE
8.
9. YHREOT
9.
10. UENLARC
10.
11. LSORA
11.
12.MSSA
12.
13. EROFC
13.
14. MINOOT
14.
15. RNICTFOI
15.
16. MNGTEA
16.
17. OEPWR
17.
18. TIAESNRCSE
18.
19. ICEEPLS
19.
20. IUVERSNE
20.
10
Score:
Date: _________
11
Name:__________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: THE NATURE OF LIGHT
Complete the concept map below.
light
i
producing
As WAVES
as RAYS
has this characteristics
w
f
r
s
d
which is affected by
i
12
r
t
r
r
B. Answer the following questions completely.
1. Discuss (a) the wave theory of light, (b) the particle theory of light.
2. What is the real nature of light?
3. Identify the categories of sources of light. Describe each.
4. When do we see?
5. Discuss the nature of absorption and emission of light of an object.
6. What is index of refraction?
7. What happen to the speed of light as index of refraction of material increases?
8. Contrast specular/regular reflection from diffuse reflection.
9. What is total internal reflection?
10. What is critical angle?
13
Name:__________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topics: INDEX OF REFRACTION
SNELL’S LAW
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Solve for the following problems completely and neatly.
1. A beam of light has a wavelength of 650 nm in vacuum. (a) What is the speed of this
light in a liquid whose index of refraction at this wavelength is 1.47? (b) What is the
wavelength of these waves in the liquid?
2. Light with a frequency of 5.8 x 1014 Hz travels in a block of glass that has an index of
refraction of 1.52. What is the wavelength of the light (a) in vacuum (b) in the glass?
3. A light beam travels at 1.94 x 108 m/s in quartz. The wavelength of the light in quartz is
355nm. (a) What is the index of refraction of quartz at this wavelength? (b) If the same
light travels through air, what is the wavelength there?
14
4. A parallel beam of light in air makes an angle of 47.50 with the surface of a glass plate
having a refractive index of 1.66. (a) What is the angle between the reflected part of the
beam and the surface of the glass? (b) What is the angle between the refracted beam and
the surface of the glass?
5. Using a fast – pulsed laser and electronic timing circuitry, you find that light travels 2.50
m within a plastic rod in 11.5 ns. What is the refractive index of the plastic?
6. Light traveling in air is incident on the surface of the block of plastic at an angle of 62.70
to the normal and is bent so that it makes a 48.10 angle with the normal and the plastic.
Find the speed of light in the plastic.
7. A ray of light is incident on a plane surface separating two sheets of glass with refractive
indexes of 1.70 and 1.58. The angle of incidence is 62.00, and the ray originates in the
glass with n = 1.70. Compute the angle of refraction.
15
8. The critical angle for total internal reflection at liquid-air interface is 42.50.(a) If a ray of
light traveling in the liquid has an angle of incidence at the interface of 350, what angle
does the refracted ray in the air make with the normal? (b) If a ray of light traveling in air
has an angle of incidence at the interface of 350, what angle does the refracted ray in the
liquid make with the normal?
9. (a) What is the critical angle for diamond-air interface? (b) What happens to light if
strikes the interface at an angle of incidence of 20.50? (c)What if the angle of incidence is
30.60?
10. The index of refraction of sapphire is 1.77
a. What is the index of refraction of sapphire?
b. What is the critical angle of sapphire when immersed in water?
16
Name:__________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: SNELL’S LAW
RAY DIAGRAM
Solve the following problems.
1. Calculate the angle of refraction of a light ray that enters water at each of the following angles of
incidence: (a) 10.00 , (b) 150 , (c) 300, (d) 450, (e) 700. Afterward find the angle of refraction for each
angle of incidence.
2. The speed of light in a certain type of glass is 1.94 x 108 m/s.
a. What is the index of refraction of this glass?
b. What is the critical angle when the glass is in air?
c. Draw ray diagram for this problem
17
18
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: SPHERICAL MIRROR
Solve and draw.
A concave mirror has a radius with absolute value 20 cm. Find graphically the image of
an object in the form of an arrow perpendicular to the axis of the mirror at each of the following
distances: (a) 30 cm, (b) 20cm, (c) 10 cm, (d) 5 cm. Check the construction by computing the
size and magnification of each image.
Principal Diagram
a.
b.
c.
d.
19
Computation
Distances (q)
a.
b.
c.
Magnification (m)
a.
b.
c.
d.
20
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MIRRORS AND LENSES
I. Describe the following terms.
a. Concave lens b. Concave mirrorc. Convex lens d. Convex mirrore. Focal length f. Focal point g. Microscope h. Optical axis i. Plane mirror j. Real image k. Reflecting telescope l. Refracting telescope m. Retinan. Virtual image –
o. Cornea -
21
Score:
Date: _________
II. Fill in the blanks using the terms in the following list
In front of Focus Convex Concave Behind
A ___________
lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges. A _________
thicker at the edges and thinner at the middle. The______________
lens is
of a lens is the point
at which all the entering light rays come _____________together (converge) or appear to
converge. With a convex lens, the focus is the lens. With a concave lens, the virtual focus is
__________ the lens.
22
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date:________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MIRROR
The diagram below shows a spherical surface which is silvered on both sides. Thus, the
surface serves as double-sided mirror, with one of the sides being the concave and one being the
convex side. The principal axis, focal point, and center of curvature are shown. The region on
both sides of the mirror is divided into eight sections (labeled M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, and W). Five
objects (labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) are shown at various locations about the double-sided mirror.
Use the diagram to answer the questions #1-6.
1. The image of object 1 would be located in section ______.
M
N
P
Q
R
S
T
W
T
W
Answer: S
2. The image of object 2 would be located in section ______.
M
Answer: R
23
N
P
Q
R
S
3. The image of object 3 would be located in section ______.
M
N
P
Q
R
S
T
W
T
W
T
W
Answer: P
4. The image of object 4 would be located in section ______.
M
N
P
Q
R
S
Ans. M
5. The image of object 5 would be located in section ______.
M
N
P
Q
R
S
Ans. W
6. The double-sided mirror would cause virtual image to be formed of objects ________.
a. 1, 2, and 4
b. 1, 2, and 3
c. 3 and 5
d. 4 and 5
e. 3 only
Answer: C
.
7 The image of an object is found to be upright and reduced in size. What type of mirror is
used to produce such an image?
Ans. Convex and Concave
8. Classify images according to
1. Size:
24
a.m=1/ b. m>1 c. m<1
2. Orientation:
a. upright/erect b. inverted/up-side down
3. Nature:
a.real
b. virtual
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MIRROR EQUATION
Solve for the following: Box your final answer.
1. What is the focal length of a converging mirror whose radius of curvature is 20 cm? What
are the nature and location of an image formed by mirror if an object is placed 15 cm
from the vertex of the mirror?
f=10 cm
di = 30 cm
real
2. A convex mirror of focal length of 6cm is placed 4 cm from a coin. Locate and describe
the image formed by this mirror.
di = - 2.4 cm
S = reduced/diminished
A = erect
L = 2.4 cm behind the mirror
T = virtual
3. A source of light is located 60 cm from a concave mirror whose focal length is 20 cm.
Find the nature, size, and location of the image.
di= 30 cm
size = reduced/diminished
nature = real
4. In a laboratory experiment, it is desired to form an image that is one-half as large as an
object. How far must the object be held from a diverging mirror of radius 40 cm?
25
do = 20 cm
5. What is the magnification of an object if it is located 10 cm from a mirror and its image is
erect and seems to be located 40 cm behind the mirror? Is the mirror diverging or
converging?
m=4
converging mirror/ concave mirror
6. A spherical mirror forms a real image 18 cm from the surface. The image is twice as
large as the object. Find the location of the object and the focal length of the mirror.
do = -9cm
26
f = 18 cm
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MIRROR EQUATION
Solve for the following problems.
1. A convex mirror has a focal length of -10.8 cm. An object is placed 32.7 cm from the mirror's
surface. Determine the image distance.
di = - 8.12 cm
2. Determine the focal length of a convex mirror which produces an image which is 16.0 cm
behind the mirror when the object is 28.5 cm from the mirror.
f = - 36.5 cm
3. A 2.80-cm diameter coin is placed a distance of 25.0 cm from a convex mirror which has a
focal length of -12.0 cm. Determine the image distance and the diameter of the image.
di = - 8.11 cm, diameter = 0.91
4. A focal point is located 20.0 cm from a convex mirror. An object is placed 12 cm from the
mirror. Determine the image distance.
di = -7.5 cm
27
28
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: CONVEX LENSES
For each problem below, draw the ray diagram for the lens. Then use the thin lens equation and
magnification equation to determine image distance and height. Last, describe the image formed
(inverted or erect, enlarged or reduced, real or virtual).
1. A 15.0 cm object is placed 60.0 cm from a convex lens, which has a focal length of 15.0 cm.
(2 pts)
2F
di = 20 cm (2 pts.)
F
F
2F
S – reduced (1pt.) A – inverted (1pt)
T- real (1pt)
h’ = -5 cm (2pts.)
2. A 15.0 cm object is placed 30.0 cm from a convex lens, which has a focal length of 15.0 cm.
2F
F
di = 30 cm (2pts.)
S – unmagnified (1pt.)
h’ = -15 cm (2 pts.)
A – erect (1pt.)
29
F
2F
T – real (1 pt)
3. A 15.0 cm object is placed 16.0 cm from a convex lens, which has a focal length of 15.0 cm.
2F
F
F
di = 240 cm
S – magnified
h’ = -225 cm
A - inverted
2F
T - real
4. A 15.0 cm object is placed 15.0 cm from a convex lens, which has a focal length of 15.0 cm.
(9pts.)
2F
di= 0
F
F
2F
No image is formed
5. A 15.0 cm object is placed 10.0 cm from a convex lens, which has a focal length of 15.0 cm.
2F
di = -30 cm
30
h’ = 45 cm
F
F
S – magnified
2F
A- erect
T - virtual
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: LENS EQUATION
Solve for the following problems
Solve for the following.
1. Suppose the absolute values of the radius of curvature oof the lens surfaces are bothe
equal to 10 cm and the index of refraction is n=1.52. what is the focal length f of the
lens?
f = 9.62 cm ( 2 pts.)
2. A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Find graphically the image location for an
object at each of the following distances from the lens: a) 50 cm , b) 20 cm, c) 15 cm d) 40 cm. Determine the magnification in each case. Check your results by calculating the
image position and magnification.
a. di=33.3 cm, m= -.067
(4)
b. di = 0, no image is formed (4)
c. di= -60cm, m=4
d. 40 cm, m = -1
(4)
(4)
3. You are given a thin diverging lens. You find that a beam of parallel rays spread out after
passing through the lens, as though all the rays came from a point 20.0 cm froom the
center of the lens. You want to use the lens to form an erect virtual image that is 1/3 of
the height of the object. a) Where should the object be placed? b) Draw a principal ray
diagram.
a. d0 =40cm , (2 pts.) di= -13.3 ( 2pts.)
31
4. An object 8.0 cm is placed 12.0 cm to the left of a converging of focal length 8.0 cm. A
second converging lens of focal length of 6.0 cm is placed 36.0 cm to the right of the first
lens. Both lenses have the same optic axis. Find the position, size, and orientation of the
image produced by the two lenses in .
1st image
d0 = 24 cm behind the first lens ( 2pts.)
S – magnified (1pt.)
A – inverted (1 pt.)
2nd image
d0 = 12 cm behind the second lens ( 2 pts.)
S – unmagnified (1pt.)
A – erect/upright (1 pt.)
32
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: RAY DIAGRAM FOR LENS
Direction: Locate the images of the objects indicated below using ray diagrams.
Summarize your findings in a table similar to the given data table.
(2pts. each)
A. Convex lenses
a
b
c
d
e
33
A. Concave lenses
a
b
c
d
e
34
Data table
(1 pt. each)
Location of Object
Location of Image
(object distance)
(image distance)
A. CONVEX
a. between 1F and the
Bet. F and 2F
Kind of
image
Position
of image
Size of
Image
virtual
erect
Magnifi
ed
lens
b. at the focal length F
No image is formed
c. between F and 2F
Beyond far 2F
real
inverted
Magnifi
ed
d. at 2F
At far 2F
real
inverted
Same
size
real
inverted
Reduced
e. beyond 2F
Bet. Far f and 2f
B. CONCAVE
Bet F and V
virtual
erect
Reduced
b. at the focal length F
Bet F and V
virtual
erect
Reduced
c. between F and 2F
Bet F and V
virtual
erect
Reduced
d. at 2F
Bet F and V
virtual
erect
Reduced
e. beyond 2F
Bet F and V
virtual
erect
Reduced
a. between 1F and the
lens
35
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
36
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: RADIOACTIVE DECAY LAW AND HALF-LIFE
Solve f
or the following. Show the complete solution and box your final answer.
1. An isotope of cesium (cesium-137) has a half-life of 30 years. If 1.0 mg of cesium-137
disintegrates over a period of 90 years, how many mg of cesium-137 would remain?
2. A 2.5 gram sample of an isotope of strontium-90 was formed in a 1960 explosion of an
atomic bomb at Johnson Island in the Pacific Test Site. The half-life of strontium-90 is 28 years.
In what year will only 0.625 grams of this strontium-90 remain?
3. Actinium-226 has a half-life of 29 hours. If 100 mg of actinium-226 disintegrates over
a period of 58 hours, how many mg of actinium-226 will remain?
4. Thallium-201 has a half-life of 73 hours. If 4.0 mg of thallium-201 disintegrates over a
period of 6.0 days and 2 hours, how many mg of thallium-201 will remain?
5. Sodium-25 was to be used in an experiment, but it took 3.0 minutes to get the sodium
from the reactor to the laboratory. If 5.0 mg of sodium-25 was removed from the reactor, how
many mg of sodium-25 were placed in the reaction vessel 3.0 minutes later if the half-life of
sodium-25 is60 seconds?
37
6. The half-life of isotope X is 2.0 years. How many years would it take for a 4.0 mg
sample of X to decay and have only 0.50 mg of it remain?
7.Selenium-83 has a half-life of 25.0 minutes. How many minutes would it take for a
10.0 mgsample to decay and have only 1.25 mg of it remain?
38
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic: NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION
A. Complete and balance the following equations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
238
92
U  ____

4
2
He
____ 
218
84
Po

Zr 
97
41
Nb
 ______
97
40
245
96
Cm  ____
+
4
2
He
241
94
Pu
B. Write and then balance the following equations:
39
1.
Lead-214 decays by beta emission
2.
Bismuth-213 decays into polonium-213
3.
Rubidium-77 decays into strontium-77
4.
Radium-226 decays by alpha emission
Score:
Date: _________
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Topic: NUCLEAR FISSION
Score:
Date: _________
DIRECTIONS:
The boxes at the right describe how fission proceeds. Find the right illustration for these
boxes.
The neutron strikes the nucleus and is
absorbed.
A U-236 nucleus with excess energy
forms. This nucleus oscillates violently.
In about 10-14 seconds, Coulomb forces
stretch out the nucleus.
The nucleus splits, releasing two or more
neutrons
The fission fragments lose some of their
kinetic energy and comes to rest,
emitting gamma rays.
Fission is complete. The fission
products may continue to lose energy
through radioactive decay.
40
Part B
To calculate the energy involved in the reaction: 01 n 
235
92
U 
138
56
Ba 
95
36
Kr  3 01 n , we
need to compare the masses of the reactants and the products:
(1)
mass of the reactants 
235
92
1
0
U
= 235.0439 
1.0087 
=
n
Total mass of reactants = 236.0526 
(2)
Mass of the products 
138
56
Ba
= 137.9050 
295
36
Kr
= 94.9
1
3 0n
=

3.0260 
Total mass of products = 235.831

Note that the total mass of the products is less than the total mass of the reactants!
From here, we can use Einstein’s equation,  E = mc2, to compute for the energy released in the
reaction. Here, the ‘loss of mass’ indicates the release of an equivalent amount of energy. The
mass defect  m is:
Total mass of reactants = 236.0526 
Total mass of products = 235.831
41

m =
0.2216 

0.222 
The equivalent energy  E is computed thus :
 E = (0.222  ) (931 MeV/  )
= 206 MeV
Try the same procedure with other possible fission reactions of U-235:
(1)
1
0
n 
235
92
(2)
1
0
n 
235
92
42
U 
142
56
Ba 
91
36
U 
137
53
Kr  3 01 n
Ba 
97
39
Kr  2 01 n
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: Ionizing Radiation and Matter
Part A. Define the following terms.
a. Dosimetry
b. Source activity
c. Exposure
d. absorbed dose
e. Rad and Gray
f.Relative biological effectiveness (RBE)
g. Qulity factor (QF)
h. Biological equivalent dose
Part B.
Solve for the following.
1. A certain biological sample is given a dose of 7.50 rad from alpha particles.
a. Calculate the absorbed dose in grays.
b. Calculate the equivalent dose in sieverts and rems.
c. If the same dosage is delivered using fast neutrons with WR of 20, how much
dosage in grays will be needed?
43
2. How does the biological damage of 100 rad of beta particles compare with that of 100
rad of alpha particles?
3. A 7.50 mg tissue is irradiated. If it absorbs 0.240 mJ of energy, what is the absorbed
dose?
4. A person whose mass is 60.0 kg has been given a full-body exposure to a dose of
25.0 rad. How many joules of energy are deposited in the body?
44
45
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: HOUSE WIRING
Direction: On the space provided below, draw how your house is wired. Start from the meter to
the different parts of the house.
The way my house is wired
(Part 1)
46
Direction: Transfer your drawing in Activity Sheet 3.2.1 to the space provided below using
electrical symbols.
The way my house is wired
(Part 2)
47
Electrical Symbols
or
wires crossing but not
making electrical contact
wires making electrical contact
switch
open
closed
button switch
battery
light bulb
mains 220V supply,
e.g., wall socket
electrical resistance
other loads
48
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Score:
Date: _________
Topic: ELECTRIC CHARGE
Complete the graphic organizer Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the box.
Attract
Electric field
Negative
Repel
conserved
electrons
positive
current
magnetic field
protons
Two may
___________ or
____________ one
another.
Two types of signs:
______________
______________
Are_______________
(i.e., they cannot be
created nor
destroyed)
Charge
When moving, they
are surrounded by
a/an_____________.
They are due to
___________
and
_________
found
inside an atom.
When stationary and
even while moving,
they are surrounded
by a/an____________.
49
When moving, they
produce
______________ in a
conductor.
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: ELECTROSTATICS AND ELECTRIC FORCE
Solve for the following. Show the complete solution.
1. How many excess electrons are on a ball with a charge of -4.0 x 10 -17 C?
2. Two electrons in an atom are separated by 1.5 x 10-10 m, the typical size of an atom. What is
the force between them?
3. As you walk across a rug, 9 x10-23 kg of electrons transfers to your body. Calculate (a) the
number of electrons and the (b) total charge in coulombs on your body. The mass of an electron
is 9.11 x10 -31 kg.
4. A particle (“alpha”) is the nucleus of helium atom. It has a mass of + 6.64 x10 -27 kg and a
charge of q= +2e = 3.2 x 10-19 C. Compare the force of the electric repulsion between two ά
particles with the force of gravitational attraction between them.
50
5. A man and woman, each with no net charge, are separated 5m. (a) What negative charge must
be transferred from the woman to the man to cause an attraction force of 200 N? (b) Calculate
the mass of the transferred charge.
6. A test charge of 3x10-6C is placed halfway between a charge of -6x10-6 C and a charge of 4
x10 -6 C that are 40 cm apart. Fin d the magnitude and direction of the force on the test charge.
q2
q
F2
20cm
51
q1
F1
20cm
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: COULOMB’S LAW
1. The Q in Coulomb's law equation stands for the _____.
Ans. Charge of the charged object.
2. The symbol d in Coulomb's law equation represents the distance from ___.
Ans. Distance from point C to point E
3. Determine the electrical force of attraction between two balloons with separate charges of +3.5
x 10-8 C and -2.9 x 10-8 C when separated a distance of 0.65 m.
4. Determine the electrical force of attraction between two balloons that are charged with the
opposite type of charge but the same quantity of charge. The charge on the balloons is 6.0 x 10 7
C and they are separated by a distance of 0.50 m.
5. Joann has rubbed a balloon with wool to give it a charge of -1.0 x 10-6 C. She then acquires a
plastic golf tube with a charge of +4.0 x 10-6 C localized at a given position. She holds the
location of charge on the plastic golf tube a distance of 50.0 cm above the balloon. Determine the
electrical force of attraction between the golf tube and the balloon.
6. A balloon with a charge of 4.0 µC is held a distance of 0.70 m from a second balloon having
the same charge. Calculate the magnitude of the repulsive force.
52
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: ELECTRIC FIELD (A)
Answer the following (Rx5)
1. Are the charges shown equal in magnitude? Do they have the same sign?
Ans.
2. Which arrow represents the direction of the electric field at point P due to the stationary
charges +Q and -Q?
Ans.
53
3. Which of the four field patterns shown represents a possible electrostatic field?
a.
Ans
54
b.
c.
d.
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: ELECTRIC CURRENT
Answer the following.
1. Voltage is commonly defined as electrical pressure." The unit of the volt, however, may be
defined in terms of more fundamental physical units. What are these units, and how do they
relate to the unit of the volt?
2. Electric current is measured in the unit of the ampere, or amp. What is the physical definition
for this unit? What fundamental quantities constitute 1 ampere of electric current?
3. Explain what the electrical terms voltage, current, and resistance mean, using your own
words.
55
4. What units of measurement are used to express quantities of voltage, current, and resistance?
5. Voltage is also known by another name: electromotive force, or EMF. Explain what this other
name for voltage means.
56
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: OHMS LAW
Solve for the following. Show the complete solution. ( R x 3)
1. A nine volt battery supplies power to a cordless curling iron with a resistance of 18 ohms.
How much current is flowing through the curling iron?
Sketch:
2. A 110 volt wall outlet supplies power to a strobe light with a resistance of 2200 ohms. How
much current is flowing through the strobe light?
Sketch:
57
3. CD player with a resistance of 40 ohms has a current of 0.1 amps flowing through it. Sketch
the circuit diagram and calculate how many volts supply the CD player?
PAR T B.
Answer the following (Rx3)
1. For a given amount of water pressure, which will flow a greater rate of water: a small
(restrictive) nozzle or a large (unrestrictive) nozzle? Explain how this relates to the study o
voltage, current, and resistance in a simple electric circuit.
2. Suppose you were to build this circuit and take measurements of current through the resistor
and voltage across the resistor:
58
Recording these numerical values in a table, the results look something like this:
XXXXXXX
Current
Voltage
0.22 A
0.66 V
0.47 A
1.42 V
0.85 A
2.54 V
1.05 A
3.16 V
1.50 A
4.51 V
1.80 A
5.41 V
2.00 A
5.99 V
2.51 A
7.49 V
Plot these figures on the following graph:
59
XXXXXXX
What mathematical relationship do you see between voltage and current in this simple circuit?
60
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic: ELECTRIC SYMBOL
Draw the following circuits using electrical symbols.
1.
2.
3.
4.
61
Score:
Date: _________
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Read and understand the concept about series, parallel and series-parallel circuit in this
worksheet. After, solve problems 1-3.
There are basically three types of circuit -- series, parallel, and series and parallel circuit.
Series Circuit:
Parallel Circuit:
Section 1. Series Circuit
The total voltage is the sum of the voltage on each
component.
eq 1: VT = V1+ V2 + V3 +...+ Vn
(In this case, VT = V1+ V2)
(Series Circuit)
The total resistance is equal to the sum of the resistance
on each component.
eq 2: RT = R1 + R2 + R3 +...+ Rn
(In this case, RT = R1 + R2)
The total current is equal in every component.
eq 3: IT = I1 = I2= I3= I4 =...= In
(In this case, IT = I1 = I2)
Example 1.
62
We have a series circuit like this. What is the total voltage,
resistance and current?
First, we have to find out the total voltage using equation 1 above, and then
resistance using equation 2, and finally you can find out the current using equation
3.
Total voltage is 9 + 1 + 16 + 4 = 30 V
Total resistance is 30 + 10 + 40 + 20 = 100 ohm
Using ohm's law, I = V / R, then we can find out the total
current.
I = 30 / 100 = 0.3 A
Problem. 1
The circuit is series.
What is the current on A and B? ( e.g. "1 A" )
What is the voltage on A, B and C? ( e.g. "1 V" )
What is the resistance on C? (e.g. "1")
ohm
What is the total resistance? (e.g. "1")
ohm
63
Section 2. Parallel Circuit.
The total voltage is equal in every component.
eq 4: VT = V1= V2= V3 =...= Vn
(In this case, VT = V1= V2)
The resistance is equal to the sum of resistance on each
component divided by the product of resistance of each
component.
eq 5: 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +...+ 1/Rn
(In this case, 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2)
(Parallel Circuit)
The total current is equal to the sum of current in each
component.
eq 6: IT= I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 +...+ In
(In this case, IT = I1 + I2)
Example 2.
If you have a parallel circuit like this, what is the total
resistance and voltage? And voltage and current on A, B,
and C?
In order to find out the total voltage, we have to find out the total resistance. Using
equation 5, we can find out the total resistance.
1/R = 1/15 + 1/15 + 1/30 = 5/30, R = 6 ohm
Then using ohm's law,V = I R, we can find out the total voltage.
V = 5 * 6 = 30 V
Using equation 4, we now know the voltage on A, B, and C, which is 30 V each.
Using ohm's law again, we can find out the current on A, B, and C.
IA = 30/15 = 2 A,
IB = 30/15 = 2 A,
IC = 30/30 = 1 A .
When you add up all the current (using equation 6), we get 5 A which is the total
current.
64
Problem. 2 (Rx3)
What is the total resistance, voltage, and
current?
What is the voltage on A, B and C? What is
the current on A, B, C, and D?
Total Resistance ( e.g. "1" )
Total Voltage ( e.g. "1 V" )
Total Current ( e.g. "1 A" )
Voltage on ( e.g. "10 V" )
ABCCurrent on ( e.g. "0.1 A" )
ABCD-
65
Section 3. Series - Parallel Circuit.
Series-Parallel; many circuit are both series and
parallel.
The total voltage is the voltage of series plus the
voltage of parallel.
eq. 7: VT = V1 + V2 = V1 + V3
The total resistance is the resistance of series plus the
resistance of parallel.
eq. 8: RT = R1 + [(R2R3) / (R2 + R3)]
The total current is equal to the current on series and
to the sum of the current of parallel circuit.
eq. 9: IT = I1 = I2 + I3
Example 3.
What is voltage on A, B, and D?
What is current on A, B, C, and D?
What is resistance on C?
What is total current and resistance?
First of all, we have to look at the diagram very carefully (The order of the
questions also help us from where we have to start). Using equation 4, we know that
the voltage on D is equal to C, which is 80 V. We also know A and B have the same
voltage. Using the voltage law, we can find out the voltage on A and B, which is
230 - 80 = 150 V each.
Now we get all the voltages on each component. Using ohm's law, we can find out
66
the current on A, B, C, and D. IA= 150/30 = 5 A; IB = 150/30 = 5 A; ID = 80/40 = 2
A; IC = 10-2 = 8 A. The sum of the current on A and B is equal to that of C and D
(eq. 3). A+B = C+D.
The resistance of A+B is 15 ohm (eq. 2) The resistance on
C is R = 80 [V] /8 [IC]= 10 ohm. Therefore, the resistance
of C+D is 8 ohm.
Using equation 2 we can find out total resistance of this circuit.
R = 15+8 = 23 ohm; I = 230 [V] /23 [R] = 10 A
Problem 3: Determine the total resitance in the figure below. (R x10)
67
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: RESISTIVITY AND TEMPERATURE
Read this module and answer the problems after in your output paper. Solve the problems and
show your solution. (Rx3)
Resistivity and Temperature
 The resistivity of a metallic conductor always increases with increasing temperature.
 As temperature increase, the ions of the conductors vibrate with greater amplitude,
making it more likely that a moving electron collides with an ion.
 The resistivity of a metal can be represented approximately by the equation
ρ( T) = ρo [ 1 + α ( T – To ) ]
resistivity)
(temperature dependence of
where
ρo - resistivity at reference temperature To ( often taken as 0 0C or 20 0C )
ρ (T) – resistivity at temperature (T), which may be higher or lower than
T0
α - temperature coefficient of resistivity
Electromotive force (emf)
 The influence that makes current flow from lower to higher potential.
 emf is not a force, but energy – per-unit charge quantity.
 SI unit is same as potential
68
Source of emf
1. Batteries
2. Electric generator
3. Solar cells
4. Thermocouples
5. Fuels
 The emf maintains a constant potential difference between its terminals.
 The ideal source of emf is simplified in equation
Є = Vab = IR
Where
Є -emf
Vab - potential difference between terminal a and b
Internal Resistance
 The pd across a real source in a circuit is not equal to the emf. The reason is that charge
moving through the material encounter resistance. We call this internal resistance ( r ) .
 As the current moves through r, it experiences drop in potential equal to IR. This when
current is flowing through a source from negative terminal b to positive terminal a,
potential difference between the terminal is
Vab =Є – IR (terminal voltage, source with internal resistance
Where Vab - terminal voltage
 For a real source of emf (Є) the terminal voltage equals the emf only if no current is
flowing through the source.
 An emf (Є) supplies a constant pd in series with internal resistance (r) .
 The current in external circuit connected to a source terminals a and b is determined by
Vab = IR.
Combining this with above equation we find
Є – Ir = IR
I = Є / R +r
69
Solve for the following:
1. The diameters of electrical wires are given in gauges. Gauge 20 copper wires, which are
2.053 mm in diameter, are often use in household wiring.
a. What is the resistance of 24 m long gauge copper wire of the same diameter?
b. If the current in the wire is 1.00mA, calculate the potential drop along the
whole length of the wire.
2. What is the resistance per meter of a 16 gauge copper wire ? A 16-gauge copper wire has
a diameter of 1.291 mm.
3. The 18-gauge copper wire has a diameter of 1.02 mm and a cross sectional area A = 8.20
x 10-7 m2 . It carries a current I = 1.67 A. Find (a) electric field magnitude in the wire; (b)
the potential difference between two points in the wire 50.0 m apart; (c) the resistance of
50.0 m length of this wire.
4. Suppose the resistance of the wire in problem 3 is 1.05 Ώ at a temperature of 20 0C, Find
the resistance at 0 0C and at 100 0C.
70
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND ITS COST
In all of the questions below electrical units (kilowatthours) cost 6.50 Php each. (Rx2)
1.
How many kilowatthours are used by a 3 kW fire in 5 hours?
2.
How many kilowatthours are used by a 7 kW water heater in 2 hours?
3.
How many kilowatthours are used by a 2 kW kettle in 6 minutes?
4.
How many kilowatthours are used by a 100 W light bulb in 5 hours?
5.
How many kilowatthours are used by a 5 W clock in 1 week?
6.
What is the cost of using a 2 kW fire for 4 hours?
7.
What is the cost of using a 1.5 kW grill for 2 hours?
8.
What is the cost of using a 7 kW shower for 15 minutes?
9.
What is the cost of using a 100 W light bulb for 9 hours?
10.
What is the cost of using a 300 W computer for 5 hours?
11.
How long does it take a 2 kW fire to use 1kWh?
12.
How long does it take a 6 kW shower to use 1kWh?
13.
How long does it take a 500 W drill to use 1kWh?
14.
How long does it take a 60 W light bulb to use 1kWh?
15.
How long does it take a 5 W clock to use 1kWh?
16.
How long does it take a fire of power 2 kW to cost 8 pence?
17.
How long does it take a kettle of power 1 kW to cost 32 pence?
18.
How long does it take a shower of power 5 kW to cost £1?
71
19.
How long does it take a heater of power 3 kW to cost £1?
20.
How long does it take a light bulb of power 40 W to cost £1?
21.
If you left on a fire of power 3 kW on all day, what would it cost?
22.
If you left on a computer of power 400 W on all day, what would it cost?
23.
If you left on a light bulb of power 60 W on all day, what would it cost?
24.
If you left on a radio of power 10 W on all day, what would it cost?
25.
If you left on a computer of power 100 W on all year, what would it cost?
26.
How many kilowatthours are used by a 500 W drill in 3 hours?
27.
What is the cost of using a 700 W microwave for 10 minutes?
28.
How long does it take a 100 W stereo to use 1kWh?
29.
How long does it take a stereo of power 50W to cost £1?
30.
If you left on a light bulb of power 40 W on all week, what would it cost?
Part 2
Calculate the annual cost to run an appliance for a year. (R x3)
1. After school each day, Sally uses her computer to do her homework. If she has an average of
two hours of homework per night for 180 days of school per year, how many kilowatt-hours are
consumed and what is the annual cost of using her computer? A CPU and monitor use 270
Watts.
72
2. Each energy efficient CFL bulb saves 50 watts, how many watt-hours could you save if you
replaced all bulbs with CFLs?
total hours of operation x 50 watts = _________ watt-hours you would save each day
Divide your answer by 1000 since there are 1,000 watt-hours in a kilowatt-hour (which is how
your utility bills you)
watt-hours/1000 = __________ kilowatt-hours you would save
Take this answer and multiply it by 365 (the days in a year) to calculate the Kilowatt-hours saved
in a year.
kilowatt hours X 365 = __________ kilowatt-hours saved in a year
To calculate the amount of money your family could save in a year, take the kilowatt-hours
saved in a year times the cost per kilowatt-hour (in Denver it is $.089).
kilowatt-hours saved x $.089 = __________ amount saved per year!
73
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: Reading Electric Meters
Example:
Monday morning the meter looked like this:
Friday morning the meter looked like this:
The meter reading Monday would be 40565 and on Friday it would be 41615
To figure out how much electricity was used, subtract Monday's reading from Friday's reading
and multiply by the electricity costs. (Electricity costs in Denver are $.089 per kWh.)
TOTAL COST = 1050 kWh x $.089 per kWh = $93.45
74
Problem: Answer the following (Rx2)
On January 1, the meter looked like this:
On January 31, the meter looked like this:
How many kilowatt-hours of electricity were used during January. If the cost of electricity in
Denver is $.089 per kWh, how much did electricity cost for January?
What is the average cost of electricity per day during January?
75
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: KIRCHOFF'S RULES
A
1 Ohm
|
B
*------/\/\/\------||------*
|
|
|
|
2 Volt
|
|
|
--- 1 Volt
--- 5 Volt
|
|
|
|
/
/
\
\
/ 2 Ohm
/ 0 Ohm
\
\
/
/
\
\
|
|
|
0 Volt
|
|
|
|
*------/\/\/\------||------*
D
8 Ohm
|
C
1. What is the current in the circuit? Give both magnitude and direction, and give your answer to
two decimal places.
76
A
-
/
1 Ohm
B
2 Ohm
C
*--------/\/\/\--------*--------/\/\/\--------*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Volt
8 Volt
--- 1 Volt
----|
|
|
|
|
|
/
/
/
\
\
\
8 Ohm
/ 2 Ohm
/ 7 Ohm
\
\
\
/
/
/
\
\
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*--------/\/\/\--------*--------/\/\/\--------*
F
3 Ohm
E
5 Ohm
D
2. What is the voltage difference VE - VB? Give your answer to two decimal places.
77
78
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MAGNET
79
Score:
Date: ________
Across Clues
Down Clues
1. One of the planets that has a
magnetic field.
4. The most common magnet
configuration.
6. Materials that are weakly attracted
by a magnetic field.
8. A magnetic material found in nature.
10. These are found in many things that
we use each day.
13. One of three metals not attracted to
magnets.
14. Magnets can be found in these.
15. Materials that are repelled by a
magnetic field are called this.
16. One of three metals not attracted to
magnets.
2. The strongest of the permanent
magnets.
3. Can travel through air, water, cloth,
glass, paper.
5. The material commonly used for
permanent magnets.
6. A type of magnet that creates its own
magnetic field all the time.
7. A popular type of magnet.
9. Materials that respond strongly to a
magnetic field.
11. The first true application of a
magnet.
12. The term "magnetism" is derived
from this.
80
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: ________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MAGNETISM
1. A permanent magnet is a device that retains a magnetic field without need for a power source.
Though many of us have experienced the effects of magnetism from a permanent magnet, very
few people can describe what causes permanent magnetism. Explain the cause of permanent
magnetism, in your own words.
2. If we were to trace the magnetic lines of flux extending from this bar magnet, what would
they appear like?
3. What happens to the magnetic lines of flux emanating from a magnet, when an unmagnetized
piece of iron is placed near it?
81
4. Define the following terms:
4.1 Ferromagnetic
4.2 Paramagnetic
4.3 Diamagnetic
5. Magnetic poles are designated by two labels: "North" and "South". How are these labels
defined? Explain how we can experimentally determine which ends of a magnet are "North" and
"South", respectively?
6. Draw the directions of magnetic field lines at point A, B, C and D in the picture given below.
82
7. If the system given below is in equilibrium, find the poles of magnets.
83
Name:_____________________________________
Score:
Section:_____________________
Date: ________
WORKSHEET
Topic: RIGHT-HAND RULE
1. Draw the pattern of the magnetic field produced by electric current through a
straight wire and through a wire coil:
Explain your answer using either the right-hand rule (conventional flow) or the lefthand rule (electron flow).
2. When engineers and physicists draw pictures illustrating the magnetic field
produced by a straight current-carrying wire, they usually do so using this
notation:
Explain what the circle-and-dot and circle-and-cross symbols mean, with reference
to the right-hand rule.
84
3. State the right hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field in
current carrying wire.
3. State the right hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field in
current carrying loop.
4. What is the direction of the force F on the charge in each of the examples
described below?
4.1
4.2
85
Name:_____________________________________
Score:
Section:_____________________
Date: ________
WORKSHEET
Topic: MAGNETISM AND THE FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGE
1. A flux of 13.6 mWb penetrates a coil of wire 240 mm in diameter. Find the magnitude of the
magnetic flux density if the plane of the coil is perpendicular to the field.
2. A magnetic flux of 50μWb passes through a perpendicular loop of wire having an area of
0.78m2. What is the magnetic flux density?
3. An alpha particle (+2e) is projected with a velocity of 3.6 x 105m/s into a 0.12-T magnetic
field. What is the magnetic force on the charge at the instant its velocity is directed an angle of
350 with the magnetic flux?
4. A proton is moving vertically upward with a velocity of 4 x106 m/s . It passes through a 0.4T magnetic field directed to the right. What are the magnitude and direction of the magnetic
force?
5. A 3μC charge is projected with a velocity of 5 x105 m/s along the positive x axis perpendicular
to a magnetic field. If the charge experiences an upward force of 6 x10 -3N, what must be the
magnitude and direction of magnetic field?
86
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: ________
WORKSHEET
Topic: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
1. A wire 0.20 m long carries a current of 6 A. The wire is at right angles to a uniform magnetic
field. The force on the wire is 0.40 N. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field?
2. A wire 0.50 m long carrying a current of 8 A is at right angles to a 0.40 T magnetic field. How
strong a force acts on the wire?
3. A closely wound, flat circular coil of 40 turns of wire has a diameter of 12 cm and carries a
current of 2 A. determine the value of B?
4. A solenoid with 3000 loops is 60 cm long and has a diameter of 1.5 cm. If the B within it is
3.771 x 10-2 T, find the current that is sent through a wire.
5. A 9.2 cm diameter circular loop is oriented perpendicular to a 1.5 T magnetic field. What is
the magnetic flux through the loop?
87
6. A square loop, 5 cm on a side, is placed within a 3.7 T magnetic field such that the field
makes an angle of 60 to the loop. Calculate the magnetic flux through the loop.
7. The loop in question # 5 is rotated to that it is parallel to the magnetic field. If this takes 0.1
seconds, find the voltage induced in the loop.
8. The magnetic flux through a coil containing 50 loops changes from 30 Wb to –30 Wb in 0.42
seconds. What is the voltage induced in the coil?
88
9. A square coil, 6.5 cm on a side, consists of 275 loops. If the magnetic field is perpendicular to
the loop, find the voltage induced if the field changes from 2.0 T to 0.5 T in 0.05 seconds.
89
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: ________
WORKSHEET
Topic: TRANSFORMER
1.
a) Find whether the transformer is step down or step up.
b) Find V1/V2
c) Find whether secondary voltage depends on R or not.
2. A step-up transformer has 400 secondary turns and only 100 primary turns. A 120-V
alternating voltage is connected to the primary coil. What is the output voltage?
3. A step down transformer is used to drop an alternating voltage from 10 000 to 500 V. What
must be the ratio of secondary turns to primary turns? If the input current is 1.0 A and the
transformer is 100% efficient, what is the output current?
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: ________
WORKSHEET
Topic: FARADAY’S DISCOVERY
FARADAY’S DISCOVERY
In 1831, Michael Faraday announced the result of his
experiments: that current can be induced in a coil. About 7 months
earlier, Joseph Henry of the United States had already been doing
similar experiments. At that time, faraday and Henry had no idea
of what each one was doing. Henry, however, did not have much
time to extensively study his discovery. Faraday on the other hand,
did many experiments to prove his discovery, and it was he who
first published the theory of electromagnetic induction.
Faraday and Henry used different setups when they
discovered electromagnetic induction. Henry wound two separate
wires around a U-magnet while Faraday used an iron ring as core
instead of a U-magnet. The working principle in this two setups is
the same.
Let us consider Faraday’s experiment. Coil X is connected
to a dc source, and coil Y to a current detector. Faraday noted that current is induced in Y when
the current in X is switched on and off. But the current in Y is only short-lived, for when the
current in X is steady, current is no longer induced in Y.
Electricity and Magnetism
Recall that the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor is dependent on the
current in the conductor, a changing current produces a changing magnetic field. This was the
basis of faraday’s explanation of his discovery.
Faraday explained that when the current in X is increased, the magnetic field in the
vicinity of Y also increases. This increasing magnetic field induces a current in Y. in the same
manner, when current is switched off, the magnetic field around Y starts decreasing. The
decreasing magnetic field induces a current in Y. but when the current in X is steady, its
magnetic field does not change. Thus, no current is induced in Y.
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With the experimental verification and satisfactory explanation of his results and being
the first to publish his works, faraday was given credit for the discovery of electromagnetic
induction. This discovery marked the beginning of the Age of Electricity.
After reading this text, answer the following:
1. What did Faraday and Henry discover?
2. What materials did they use in their experiments?
3. What is electromagnetic induction?
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93
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: WAVES
1. What is a wave?
2. What is a medium?
3. Distinguish mechanical waves from electromagnetic waves.
4. What are the types of waves according to the motion of the particles of the medium?
5. What is a wave pulse?
6. Differentiate compression/condensation from rarefaction of longitudinal wave.
7. Explain the mechanism of energy transfer in waves.
8. How the elasticity of the medium is affects the propagation of waves?
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic : MEASURE OF A WAVE
1. Label the parts of the longitudinal waves below.
2. Describe the following measures of a wave.
a. Period
b. Frequency
c. Amplitude
3. What is a wavelength?
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Score:
Date: _________
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: SPEED OF A WAVE
Solve for the following problems and show your solution completely. Box your final answer.
1. Sound waves are longitudinal waves in air. The speed of sound depends on temperature;
at 20 0 C it is 344 m/s (1130 ft/s). What is the wavelength of a sound wave in air at 20 0 C
if the frequency is 262 Hz?
2. The linear mass density of clothesline is 0.250 kg/m. a) how much tension does Trixie
have to apply to produce the observed wave speed of 12.0 m/s? b) if the tension is
increased to four times the value in (a) but the frequency still 2.00 Hz, what will be the
wavelength of the wave on the clothesline?
3. With what tension must a rope with a length 2.50 m and mass of 0.120 kg be stretched
for transverse waves of frequency 40.0 Hz to have a wavelength of 0.750 m?
4. Find the Young’ modulus of elasticity for a bone if its specific gravity is 2.0 and the
velocity of sound in the bone is 2.8 x 103 m/s.
5. What is the velocity of the wave in a guitar string having a length of 0.65m and a mass of
3.5 g when subjected to a tension of 250 N?
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
WORKSHEET
Topic: STANDING WAVES
Part I. Answer for the following:
1. What is standing wave?
2. How standing wave is produced?
3. What is (a) node?
(b) antinode?
4. Describe harmonic of wave?
5. Using the illustration below, complete the asked informations.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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No. of nodes
No. of antinodes
Harmonic
No. of loops/segment
Length-wavelength relationship
Score:
Date: _________
f. Part II. Solve for the following completely. Box your final answer.
1. What is the wavelength of sound waves produced in the air when the string is vibrating at
its fundamental frequency of 20 Hz? The speed of sound in air at 200C is 344 m/s.
2. A piano tuner stretches a steel piano wire with a tension of 800 N. The steel wire is 0.400
m long and has a mass of 3.0 g. (a) what is the frequency of its fundamental mode of
vibration? (b) What is the number of the highest harmonic that could be heard by a
person who is capable of hearing frequencies up to 10, 000 Hz?
3. If the fundamental frequency of a wave is 330Hz, what is the frequency of the fifth
harmonic and the second overtone?
4. A 10-g string, 4m in length, has a tension of 64 N. What is the frequency of its
fundamental mode of vibration? What are the frequencies of the first and second
overtones?
5. A 0.500-g string is 4.3 m long and has a tension of 300 N. If it is fixed at each end and
vibrates in three segments, what is the frequency of standing waves?
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: DOPPLER EFFECT
1. Use the Doppler equation for a moving source to calculate the observed frequency for
a 250.-Hz source of sound if it is moving with a speed of ____ . (Assume that the speed
of sound in air is 340. m/s.)
a. 30. m/s towards the observer.
b. 30. m/s away from the observer.
c. 300. m/s towards the observer.
d. 300. m/s away from the observer.
e. 320. m/s towards the observer.
f. 335 m/s towards the observer.
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2. The frequency of a train’s whistle is 1000 Hz. (a) A train is approaching a stationary
man at 40 m/s. What frequency does the man hear now? (b) The train is stationary, and
the man is driving toward in a car whose speed is 40 m/s. What frequency does the man
hear now?
3. A person in a car is driving at 60 km/hr toward a ferry whose whistle is blowing at 400
Hz. (a) what frequency does she hear? (b) The ferry leaves the dock and heads directly
away from the driver at 15 km/hr, still blowing its whistle. What frequency does she
hear now?
4. A stationary source of sound emits a signal at a frequency of 290 Hz. What are the
frequencies heard by an observer (a) moving toward the source at 20 m/s, (b) moving
away from the source at 20 m/s?
5. A 500 Hz train whistle is heard by a stationary observer at a frequency of 475 Hz.
What is the speed of the train? Is it moving toward the observer or away from the
observer?
100
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: SPEED OF SOUND
Solve for the following problems.Box your final answer.
1. You and your friend are out on a picnic when you see a lightning flash and hear the resulting
thunder 9 s later. How far away was the storm? If the storm is traveling at 60 km/hr, how much
time is there before the storm reaches your picnic site? ( assume that the velocity in air is 340
m/s)
2. A dynamite is exploded on the surface of the sea where the temperature is 25 0C. The sound of
the explosion is also propagated through air at 250C. What will be the time interval between the
arrivals of the two signals to a station that is 5 km away?
3. A sound wave is sent from a ship too the ocean floor, where it is reflected and returned. If the
round trip take s 0.6 s, how deep is the ocean floor? Consider the bulk modulus for seawater to
be 2.1 x 109 Pa and its density to be 1030 kg/ m3?
4. Compare the theoretical speeds of sound in hydrogen ( M = 2.0 g/ mol, ц = 1.4) with Helium
( M= 4.0 g/mol, ц= 1.66) at 00C.
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: INTENSITY AND INTENSITY LEVEL OF SOUND WAVE
Solve for the following problems. Box your final answer.
1. A machine produces a sound with an intensity of 2.9 x 10-3 W/m2. What would be the decibel
rating if four of these machines occupy the same room?
2. What is the intensity level in decibels of a sound that has an intensity of 4.5 x10-5 W/m2?
3. The intensity of a sound is 6 x 10-8 W/m2, what is the intensity level?
4. A 60-dB sound is measured at particular distance from a whistle. What is the intensity of this
sound in W/m2?
5. What is the intensity of a 40-dB sound?
6. Compute the intensities for sounds of 10dB, 20dB, and 30 dB.
7. Compute the intensity level for sounds of 1 x 10-6 W/m2, 2 x 10-6 w/m2, and 3 x 10-6 W/m2?
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: INTENSITY OF SOUND
1. Determine the decibel rating of the following intensities of sound.
a. I = 1.0 x 10-5 W/m2
b. I = 1.0 x 10-2 W/m2
c. I = 6.1 x 10-6 W/m2
d. I = 2.2 x 10-4 W/m2
e. A sound which is 4 times more intense than the sound in part d.
f. A sound which is 7 times more intense than the sound in part d.
g. A sound which is 10 times more intense than the sound in part d.
h. A sound which is 100 times more intense than the sound in part d.
i. The sound of an orchestra playing a movement pianissimo at 7.5 x 10-6 W/m2 (very
softly)
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j. The sound of an orchestra playing a movement fortissimo at 2.5 x 10-4 W/m2 (very
loudly)
2. A machine produces a sound with an intensity of 2.9 x 10-3 W/m2. What would be the decibel
rating if four of these machines occupy the same room?
3. The sound in the United Center during a Chicago Bulls basketball game in 1998 was seven
times as intense as it is today. If the decibel rating today is 89 dB, then what was the intensity
rating in 1998?
4. A sound has an intensity of 8.0 x10-3 W/m2 at a distance of 2.0 m from its source. What is the
intensity at a distance of ...
a. ... 4.0 m from the source?
b. ... 6.0 m from the source?
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: _________
WORKSHEET
Topic: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
1. Sequencing
Some events and discoveries related to the development of communication are listed
below. Number each one according to the correct order of occurrence from the earliest to
the latest.
______ invention of telegraph
______ invention of telephone
______ radio communication
______ digital communication
2. Discussing and Explaining
Direction: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answer on the space provided.
a. How does your AM/FM radio pick up signal from the air?
b. List down communication devices that people are using at present and write down the
benefits that each renders.
c. How does communication develop into wireless communication?
3. Using the same spectrum, determine the frequency and wavelength ranges of each of the
forms of electromagnetic waves. Enter your data on the table.
EM Wave
FrequencyRange (hertz)
WavelengthRange(meters)
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
__________
___________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
_________
105
Basic
Electronics
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Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date: ________
WORKSHEET
Topic: BASIC ELECTRONICS
1. Compare and contrast.
a. Electric and electronic
b. Capacitor and inductor
c. Resistors and diode
d. Sensor and transducer
e. AC and DC
f. n-type conductor and p-type conductor
g. pnp and npn transistor
h. passive elements and active elements
i. OR and AND Gates
2. A simple warning system that sets off an alarm when any of two dangerous conditions are
present contains a portion containing an OR logic gate and an AND logic gate. Based on how
logic gates operate, complete the table by supplying the expected output for each set of inputs
A,B, and C.
Inputs
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Output
A
B
C
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
Name:_____________________________________
Section:_____________________
Score:
Date:_______
WORKSHEET
Topic: LOGIC GATES
Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their respective truth tables:
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