HW 1: Ocean Trenches
Describe the location of ocean trenches (2 marks)
Dwight Sutherland 2013
HW 1: Do a research on ocean trenches. Log on to youtube. Watch a view
videos on ‘formation of ocean trenches’. See clip below. Then answer the
questions below: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_L1bvcvvWs
1. What are ocean trenches? (2 marks)
2. Explain the formation of ocean trenches. You should
refer to plate tectonics. (4 marks)
3. Where is the ocean trench on the diagram below A, B
or C? (1 mark)
A
Volcanoes
Ocean
B
Oceanic plate
C
Continental plate
Dwight Sutherland 2013
HW 2: Comparing Two Volcanoes
TASK: Describe how the effects of a volcano in a richer area of the world are different from the
effects of a volcano in a poorer area of the world. Use the information below to help you.
(6 marks)
Mt. St. Helens, USA (MEDC)
• Erupted May 18, 1980
• 61 deaths caused mainly by the release of
poisonous gas
• Logging camps were mainly destroyed,
not settlements.
• Located in a largely countryside area of
Washington.
• Nearest town to the volcano was 35 km.
• Most settlements were over 50 km away.
• Small settlements were located over 35
km from volcano zone of total destruction
• About 250km² of forest was destroyed.
• Communication and utility services were
badly affected.
• Farm land was affected and lost about
12% of their total crop.
Mt. Pinatubo, The Philippines (LEDC)
• Erupted 1991
• Located 100km of Manila, near to the US
Clark Air Base and Angeles City.
• Over 25 000 lived at the Air Base and 250
000 people lived in Angeles City.
• About 30 000 people lived in small
farming villages on Pinatubo’s slopes
• 700 people died, 184 injured.
• About 4000km² of forest was affected.
• Emitted 20 million tonnes of sulphuric
dioxide.
• Communication and utility services were
badly affected
• Over 250 000 people lost their jobs as a
result of the eruption.
Dwight Sutherland 2013
HW 3: TASK: Below is a diagram of the Yellowstone super volcano.
Answer the questions about it.
Super volcano diagram
Caldera
What is a super volcano?
(2 marks)
Magma chamber (on top
of the hot spot)
Hot spot (below the earth’s crust)
What is a hotspot of a
super volcano? (2 marks)
What is volcanic
explosivity index (VEI) of a
super volcano? (2 marks)
Dwight Sutherland 2013
What is the caldera of a
super volcano? (2 marks)
HW 4: Describe the likely effects of a super volcano eruption
(6 marks). Watch the video on Yellowstone below to help you.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvgKhI10AM
Dwight Sutherland 2013
HW 5: With the help of a diagram(s), explain the
formation of young fold mountains. (8 marks)
Keywords to use:
• Anticline
• Synclines
• Buckle
• Rocks on sea bed
Dwight Sutherland 2013
HW 6: Study Figure 1 on the insert (see below), photographs of how people
use fold mountains. Describe how people are using fold mountains in the
photographs. (6 marks)
Figure 1
Cingino dam in the Italian Alps
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HW 7: Fold mountain areas suffer from limited communications, steep slopes
and poor soils. Describe how people have coped with one or more of these
problems. (4 marks)
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Richter scale measures the
strength of the earthquake.
TASK: Outline how the Richter
scale is used to measure
earthquakes. (3 marks)
Richter Scale
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TASK: Use the mercalli scale below to
give a rating for the earthquakes shown
in each image below. Give reasons for
your answer. (3 marks for each picture)
Mercalli scale measures how
the earthquake feels to humans.
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Describe how the effects of an earthquake in a richer area of the world are
different from the effects of an earthquake in a poorer area of the world.
(6 marks)
Dwight Sutherland 2013
TASK: Label step by step on the diagram how the Japan tsunami
was formed. Label your steps 1, 2, 3 etc. Use the statements
below to help you.
• The earthquake causes one side
of the ocean floor is pushed
upwards above the other side.
• The heavier Pacific Plate sinks
below the Eurasian plate.
• As the ocean floor pushes
upward it forces up the
ocean/sea forming large waves
which is a tsunami.
• The Eurasian plate and the
Pacific plate collides.
• Where the Pacific plate sinks
beneath the Eurasian plate an
earthquake happens.
Dwight Sutherland 2013
TASK: Finish the sentences below. The numbers in green represent the allocated marks.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Attrition along a coast is (2)
The coastline is (1)
Waves are formed by (2)
Hydraulic pressure happens when (2)
Mass movement is the name given to (1)
Weathering and erosion are coastal processes. They are different
because (2)
7. By the way coastal processes are (1)
8. When coastal material are being transported this means that they
are (2)
9. Deposition is the final stage of coastal processes. This is because in
deposition sediments are (1)
10. For chemical weathering to happen rocks have to be (2)
11. Biological weathering occurs when (2)
12. On the other hand mechanical (physical) weathering occurs when
(2)
Dwight Sutherland 2013
TASK: Finish the sentences below. The numbers in green represent the allocated marks.
1.
Freeze-thaw weathering is a type of weathering that happens in cold
places when (3)
2. The opposite of freeze-thaw weathering is exfoliation. This happens in
hot places when (3)
3. Onion skin peeling weathering is called onion peel weathering because
(2)
4. Corrasion or abrasion is a form of (1)
5. Corrosion or solution is when waves cause (2)
6. Slumping and landslide are two form s of mass movement. The
difference between them is that (3)
7. Soil creep and mud flow are very similar. They both involve (2)
They are different because
8. In rockfall rocks from a cliff (1)
9. All of these processes are sub-aerial processes which means (1)
10. Two things that can speed up sub-aerial processes are deforestation and
intense farming. Deforestation is
Intense farming is (2)
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Label the bay (1 mark)
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Label the spit (1 mark)
Dwight Sutherland 2013