PROTECT YOUR KEY SYSTEMS






Electric and telephone is going to go away.
Know which facilities have to function and make
sure they are equipped with generators.
Have generators with large fuel tanks and the
means to refuel them.
Have trailer mounted generators as back-up’s.
Have a back-up plan for telephone company
connectivity including data circuits and backhaul.
Harden the key sites to be able to withstand your
risk events and continue to function.
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1
DEVELOP A CONTINGENCY
PLAN
 So
you did everything you could
think to do and you still lost the
system/site.
 Do you have a back-up plan?
 Does anyone other than you know
how to implement it?
 Does everyone know what it is and
what to do when the radio goes
dead?
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2
CONCEPT
C2 And Beyond






C2 - Command and Control
C³ - Command, Control, and Communications.
C4 – Command, Control, Communications and
Computing
C4I – Command, Control, Communications,
Computing and Intelligence
C4IS – Command, Control, Communications,
Computing, Intelligence and Surveillance
C4ISR - Command, Control, Communications,
Computing, Intelligence, Surveillance and
Reconnaissance
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3
Thinking Outside the Box
Where did the phrase
come from?
What does it mean?
What the heck is a
Scotoma?
What we know and what
we believe is based on
where we come from!
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DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
4
You mean this?
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5
WRONG!
Frank Loyd Wright
1867 – 1959
An admonishment to his
students to quit seeing and
designing rooms as boxes.
Pre-dating the 9 dot puzzle
by 20+ years
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DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
6
KEY POINT

If you are the victim of a disaster, you are
at the mercy of your neighbors ability to
come to your assistance.

If your neighbor is the victim of a disaster,
they are at the mercy of your ability to
deploy and go to their assistance.
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CONCEPT
 The
best way to be prepared to help
yourself in the event of a disaster is
to be fully prepared to go help your
neighbor in the event they have one.
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8
DISPELLING THE MYTHS

Exactly what is “Disaster
Communications”



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The systems and procedures you intend to
implement and use when your primary, dayto-day communications systems are
destroyed.
The systems and procedures you intend to
implement to support YOUR operating unit
that is tasked to deploy to, and operate in, a
disaster area.
It is NOT your “regular” system.
DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
9
IF YOU ARE A RESPONDER
Do you understand what communications
capability First Responders need in order
to do their jobs in a disaster?
 Have you ever thought about a
deployment?
 Have you ever practiced for a
Deployment?
 Do you understand what a Deployment
actually entails?

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DEPLOYMENT CONCEPT
 Deployment
is NOT going to a
conference.
 Deployment is “relocating a self
contained, fully functional operating
unit, beyond commute range,
supporting the operational, logistical
and human needs for the duration of
a sustained operation”.
 “We’re here to save you. Where’s our
hotel, and when do you feed us”.
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11
KEY POINT
DEPLOYMENT IS:
 Relocating a self contained, fully
functional operating unit, beyond
commute range, and supporting the
operational, logistical and human
needs for the duration of a sustained
operation.

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12
JOINT COMMUNICATIONS
SUPPORT UNIT (JCSU)
 The
JCSU is a self contained unit
consisting of the people and
equipment necessary to establish
and sustain full spectrum
communications in an austere
environment in support of disaster
response operations.
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13
J.C.S.U.
Radio Tower
 Radio Equipment Shelter
 Radio Systems

–
–
–
–
–
–
HF Radios
Low Band Radios
3 VHF Repeaters
3 UHF Repeaters
3 800 MHz Repeaters
800 MHz 5 Channel Trunked Radio System
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J.C.S.U.

Radio Systems (Cont.)
– 2 Iridium Satellite Phones
– 2 Trackstar Satellite Systems
 Each
with T-1 Internet Access
 Each with 4 dedicated VOIP telephone circuits.
–
–
–
–
–
–
Military Tactical Radios
VHF/UHF AM/FM Civil & Military Aviation radios
100 UHF Portable Radios
200 800 MHz Portable Radios
WiFi Access Points
Point to Point Microwave
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15
J.C.S.U.
Radio Repair Shop (Trailer)
 Crew Support Unit (Trailer)
 2 60-KW Generators
 2 7-KW Generators
 Crew of 4

– Commander
– 3 Radio Technicians

Security Detachment (4) as necessary
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16
J.C.S.U.
 Food
for 30 days
 Potable Water for 10 days
– 500 Gal bladder tank for 30 days
 Generator
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fuel for 16 days (1 Gen)
DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
17
BREAK - 2
5 MINUTES!
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LESSONS LEARNED
UNDERSTANDING THE MISSION
Develop a clear and concise Mission
Statement that encompasses both
normal operations and disaster
operations
Ensure your staff understand the
mission
Develop a plan to achieve the level
of proficiency necessary to execute
the mission
Work the plan
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19
MISSION STATEMENT
The three part mission of Radio Services is:
Provide the highest quality communications
operations, services, engineering, administration and
support to the citizens and government agencies
within Polk County.
Provide these quality operations and services on a
daily basis in the most cost effective manner to limit
the long term expense to the taxpayers within Polk
County to the maximum extent that is both possible
and prudent.
Be prepared so when requested by Administration
and the Board of County Commissioners we can
provide the above operations and services anywhere,
anytime, in response to disasters and emergencies
outside our normal area of operations.
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20
SHORT TERM SOLUTIONS
Joint Communications Support
Units.
Transportable Infrastructure.
Deployable technicians who can go
in with the First Responders,
Implement the transportable
infrastructure and support the
disaster response operations.
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21
Joint Communications Support Unit
JCSU
Minimum Capabilities:
Metric
Component
Radio Tower Trailer with Tow Vehicle
100’ or greater trailer mounted tower with 8’ x 8’ air
conditioned equipment shelter with a backup 7.5 KW
generator or greater
Equipment
Communications Repair Shop,
Transportable, with Tow
Vehicle
32' Trailer or larger configured as a Radio Repair Shop with
four bunks, kitchenette, combined head and shower
Equipment
Mobile CommunicationsRepair Shop
1 Ton box truck with 6.5 KW Generator configured as Mobile
Radio Repair Shop with two bunks, towing and
storage capability
Equipment
Trunked Radio System – 800 MHz
5 or more trunked channels, expandable system
Equipment
800 MHz Conventional Repeaters
3 or more conventional 800 MHz repeaters supporting
National Mutual Aid Channels
Equipment
UHF Conventional Repeaters
3 or more conventional UHF programmable repeaters
Equipment
VHF Conventional Repeaters
3 or more conventional VHF programmable repeaters
Equipment
Aviation radio
VHF/UHF, AM/FM Civil and Military capable URC-200 or
Equilivant
Equipment
Low Band FM Military Tactical Radio
Dual unit capable of use as a Re-Trans Point
Equipment
HF Radio Transciever
1.6 - 30 MHz Multi Mode 100 Watt or greater
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Type I
DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
22
Joint Communications Support Unit
JCSU
Equipment
Satellite Communication System for
Data and VoIP
Transportable Broadband capable .75 Meter antenna or larger,
1. x 1.2 Mb or greater (2 Ea.)
Equipment
Satellite Communication
System for Voice
Voice capable Satellite unit, Irridum or comparable
(2 Ea.)
Equipment
Mesh Network System
Mesh Network System, expandable, capable of
covering 1/2 square mile.
Equipment
Spread Spectrum Access Point
Wi-Fi Spread Spectrum Wireless Lan Access Point
Equipment
Tactical LAN link
Point to Point Spread Spectrum link, 802.11 B/G or
equilivant
Equipment
Telephone Key System
24 x 24 Lines & Extensions capable, expandable w/
24 Telephone Sets,
Equipment
Analog Telephone IDF
IDF backboard with 66-Blocks capable of 100 Pr
distribution w/ 25 analog telephones, cable,
jacks, and tool kit
Equipment
Radio Interconnect System
Radio 6-Ch interconnect system (JPS ACU-T) or
equilivant (2)
Equipment
Radio Programming computers
4 computers with radio programming software and
connection cables
Equipment
Control Station Radios
Desktop control station radios, 800 MHz (1),
UHF,(2)
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23
Joint Communications Support Unit
JCSU
Equipment
Radio Interconnect System
Rack
Rack mount unit with power supply and mobile
radios (4 800MHz, 3 UHF, 3 VHF, 2 Low Band,
for use w/ JPS ACU-T
Equipment
Service Monitor
Motorola R-2670A or equivalent 400 khz - 1 GHz
Equipment
Spectrum Analyzer
Agilent 26.5 GHz Spectrum Analyzer or equivalent
Equipment
Network Server
Windows WorkGroup 2003 Server with SQL 2000 ,
500Gb Hard Drives.
Equipment
Network
Equipment
Network Printer
Xerox Workcentre M15i
Equipment
Public Address System
Bogen C35 wired for Multiple inputs
Equipment
satellite Television System
DirecTV system or equivalent.
Equipment
Weather Station
Peet Bros. Ultimeter 100 or equivalent.
Equipment
Radio Gang Chargers
25 6 bay gang chargers for various models of
portable radio batteries
Portable Radios
200 800 MHz Motorola Trunked portable radios with
chargers and accessories
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Equipment
Hardwired and wireless LAN. Workstations should
have Ethernet connection and 120 vac
protected receptacle. All computer based
software packages pre-installed.
DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
Portable Radios
100 UHF Motorola P110 with chargers and
accessories
24
Joint Communications Support Unit
JCSU
Equipment
Portable Radios
16 UHF Motorola MT1000 Radios with accessories
Equipment
Generator
Trailer Mounted 60 KW diesel generator with 160 Gal
tank.
Equipment
Generator
Truck mounted 60KW Backup Generator
Equipment
Tools and Test Equipment
Communication Repair Shop Hand Tools and Test
Equipment
Equipment
Utility Tools and Equipment
Hand and Power Tools including Chain Saw
Equipment
Support equipment
500 Gal. potable water bladder tank with water pump,
Air compressor with hose and fittings, Outside
work light kits,
Equipment
Support equipment
14 Day supply of food for staff
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25
Joint Communications Support Unit
JCSU
Personnel
JCSU Team
Commander
Joint Communications Support Unit
Commander capable of
providing ESF-2 Service
Personnel
Radio Technicians
2 - 3 Radio Service Technicians
Personnel
Computer/Network
Technician
Computer / Data networking
Technicians
Personnel
Telephone Technicain
(Optional) Telephone Technician
Personnel
Security Detail
(Optional) 4 Law Enforcement
Officers for escort and security
Personnel
UNIT PURPOSE: Establish full spectrum communications including Public safety Land Mobile Radio
(LMR) communications systems in an area where all local systems have been destroyed or
provide an additional layer of communications in support of a multi-agency response to a major
incident.
Comments
Capable of operating in field conditions with little to no basic services
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26
Joint Communications Support Unit
JCSU
Provide own power generation and fuel supply to operate a minimum
of 5-7 days without refueling
Sustain long term deployment as well as short term responses
Supporting and/or facilitating communications needs for or between local, state, federal, and DOD
agencies
4 Hour deployment response when on stand-by alert, 12 Hour
deployment response if not on alert
C-5 or C-17 Airlift capable - pre-certification expected late 2009
Serves basic crew personal needs including bathroom, kitchen,
sleeping
Unit can be configured for 30 day self sustaining operation with addition of POL and Potable water
in bladder tanks
Minimal set-up
time
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27
J.C.S.U. EQUIPMENT
AlumaTower
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Transportable
Radio Shop
DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
28
J.C.S.U. EQUIPMENT
Mobile Radio Repair Shop
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29
J.C.S.U. EQUIPMENT
TracStar Satellite
Chargers
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DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
6x6 Gang
30
J.C.S.U. EQUIPMENT
Portable Telephone Systems
Key System
Analog
IDF
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31
Phase I – Planning & Prep
Problem,
Concept,
Administrative Oversight,
Planning,
Funding,
Equipment Selection and Sources,
Preparation,
Staffing and Training.
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Phase II Alert Status,
Deployment Options,
Deployment Types,
Deployment Operations,
Rotation Schedules,
Life in the Field,
Reporting,
Support for Deployed Units
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Phase III
Hand Off,
Recovery,
Redeployment,
Reconstitution,
Debriefing,
Personnel Issues (CISD)
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Phase IV
What about the families,
Media Frenzy,
What’s coming next.
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DISASTER OPERATIONS
PLANS
Have a plan.
Have a plan for everything.
The original plan never works.
Have a back-up plan.
Have a back-up plan for everything.
Have back- ups for the back-up plans.
Murphy lives close by.
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BREAK - 3
5 MINUTES!
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ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
PERSONNEL





SELECTION
PREPERATION
TRAINING
EXERCISE
MEDICAL


Medical Folder
LEGAL


Power of Attorney
Will
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ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
SUPPORT
 SUPPORT
FROM THE TEAM
 SUPPORT FROM YOUR ADMINISTRATION
 SUPPORT FROM THE EMPLOYEES
 UNIFIED VISION
 INTERNAL SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS

FLEET, FACILITIES, PURCHASING,
 VENDORS
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ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
LOGISTICS
 LOGISTICS
ENCOMPASSES
GATHERING THE PEOPLE,
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
NECESSARY, MOVING THEM FROM
WHERE THEY ARE TO WHERE THEY
ARE NEEDED, KEEPING THEM
SUPPLIED WHILE THEY ARE THERE
AND BRINGING THEM HOME SAFELY
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40
ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
DEPLOYMENT
 THE
PROCESS OF MOVING AN ENTIRE
OPERATIONAL UNIT FROM ONE PLACE
TO ANOTHER WHERE THEY WILL
FUNCTION UNTIL RELIEVED
 MISSION STATEMENT
 ALERT STATUS
 TRAINING
 EXERCISE
 CONVOY OPERATIONS
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41
ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
COORDINATION
 LETTING
PEOPLE KNOW WHERE YOU
ARE AND HOW TO GET IN TOUCH
 COORDINATING WITH LOCAL EOC OR
INCIDENT COMMANDER
 COORDINATING WITH THE F.C.C. (STA)
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42
ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
REDEPLOYMENT







ESTABLISH A SCHEDULE
DETERMINE WHO WILL TAKE THEIR PLACE
COMMUNICATE AND COORDINATE
RELIEVED FROM OPERATIONAL DUTY
RECOVERY OF EQUIPMENT AND LOAD OUT
FOR THE TRIP HOME
ACCOUNTABLE PROPERTY
HEALTH RELATED ISSUES -
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43
ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
RECONSTITUTION
 INVENTORY
OF EQUIPMENT
 CLEANING OF EQUIPMENT
 REPACKING EQUIPMENT
 RESTOCKING EXPENDED ITEMS
 FOLLOW UP ON ANY REPAIRS NEEDED
 REPORTING ON STAFF TIME,
EQUIPMENT USE, TRAVEL EXPENSES
FOR REIMBURSEMENT
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ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
CREW SUPPORT
 FEEDING
 WATERING
 HOUSING
 ENTERTAINMENT
 COMMUNICATING
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HOME
DISASTER COMMUNICATIONS
45
ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
NORMAL “CYCLE” EVOLUTION
 ONCE
ON SITE DETERMINE WHAT THE
CREW ROTATION SCHEDULE WILL BE.
 COMMUNICATE THE SCHEDULE
 STAY CAUGHT UP ON REPORTS AND
PAYROLL
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Partner with your Vendors!
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LESSONS LEARNED – Vendor Stories
 Motorola
 Amerigas
 Clifton
Tower Service
 W.T.E.C.
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LESSONS LEARNED – DEBRIEFING AND
BRAINSTORMING





After a disaster operation, Debrief EVERYONE!
Do it several times
Now is the time to be critical, discuss everything
that went wrong until you know why it went
wrong and how to fix it before the next disaster
Take the opportunity to make it a learning
experience and develop plans from top to
bottom to fix that which needs fixing and to make
each operation just a little better.
Make time for staff to brainstorm solutions to the
problems, as a team and in small groups
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HOT-WASH, SCENE 2, Take
1 and ACTION!
 Debrief,
Hotwash, coldwash, call it what
you will.
 Hogwash –vs- useful learning tool.
 Set the ground rules and tell everyone to
check their ego’s at the door.
 Make the real debriefing private and save
the mutual masturbation of egos for the
cameras.
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LONG TERM SOLUTIONS
A
“RATIONAL” National Public Safety
Communications Strategy.
 Standards that are established by the Public
Safety community.
 Standards that are not a MOVING TARGET!
 A Federal Mandate to the vendor community.
 Funding that actually reaches those who
need it!
 Software Definable Radio (SDR)
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LESSONS LEARNED - DEPLOYMENT





Plan and prepare to deploy a totally self contained
service delivery unit
Ensure that each employee who is subject to a
deployment knows that in advance
Ensure they have the proper equipment to sustain
them for seven – ten days ready to go at all times
Ensure they have a checklist of personal affairs that
need to be in order and provide support for that when
necessary
Not everyone has a personal situation that allows for
a deployment. If you need a specific position to be
available make sure it is part of the job description
and hire accordingly
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62





Lessons Learned – Deployment (Cont.)
Brainstorm through a deployment with a
group. When you think you have covered all
the possible issues do a table top exercise.
Invite people who have deployed to
participate and provide problems and
questions
Have a deployment folder on each employee
in a deployment position
Establish a 24/7 deployment support unit
Plan to be self supporting
You don’t have to handle the entire disaster,
just be prepared to handle a defined piece of
it
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Exercise #1







Johnston Island and the mainland behind it has been devastated by Hurricane Zulu. Prior to the
storm the bulk of the Islands 27,000 residents evacuated and have not been allowed back on the
Island. All of the structures must be inspected for both structural integrity as well as Haz-Mat.
Numerous propane and chlorine tanks have been damaged. One of the two bridges leading to
the Island has been destroyed and Law Enforcement has blocked off the other.
There will be about 300 Law Enforcement Officers, 150 Fire Services personnel, and 4
Paramedics with 2 ambulances stationed there around the clock. The 454 personnel are from 28
different agencies. In addition, local Public Works personnel will be working on the Island during
daylight hours to try to secure water, sewer and power systems to be able to begin restoration.
One of the problems faced is looters coming in by boat from outside the area to steal whatever
valuables they can find. Another problem is residents trying to sneak back on to the Island
entering unsafe structures to recover property.
A National Guard Helicopter unit with Night Vision capability has been tasked to work with Law
Enforcement at night.
You have been assigned to provide all necessary communications for and ensure interoperability
for all of the Public Safety and Public Works personnel working on the Island for up to 10 days.
The Commo Unit must plan to be self supporting.
List the problems you think you will have to overcome.
Listing only the equipment and personnel you ACTUALLY have available, tell me what you are
going to take with you.
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Exercise #2

During a routine traffic stop the driver fled into a wooded area. A K-9 Officer and his dog who went
in were both shot and killed. The assailant now has both his and the murdered officers weapons
and fled further into a 1 ½ square mile area. Responding officers secured the perimeter and there
are now 700+ Officers from 65 different agencies on scene. Night has fallen and the potential for a
friendly fire incident is high. Most of the officers are on foot with their vehicles back at the staging
area and those who have been on scene need charged batteries for their radios. Because of the
multiple agency response, there are officers on VHF and UHF Conventional systems and both
Motorola and M/A-COM trunked systems. A number of the officers have display problems on their
radios and are having trouble getting on the right channel.

You have been tasked to ensure interoperability for all of the officers on scene, provide charged
batteries to the officers on the perimiter, repair or replace the radios with display problems,
support multiple mobile command posts that have been set up.
What are your challenges, and how are you going to overcome them?
Listing only the equipment and personnel you ACTUALLY have available, tell me what you are
going to take with you


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Just the Facts

Exercise #1 was actually Pensacola Beach, Florida following
Hurricane Ivan, and again 8 months later for Hurricane Dennis.

The murdered K-9 Officer and his partner was D/S Matt Williams,
and Diogie, Polk County Sheriff’s Department Duputy, Husband and
father.
D/S Williams assailant was found, gun in hand, the next morning
and shot some 93 times when he fired on the SWAT Team. When
asked why, the Sheriff replied “because that’s all the bullets they
had”.
A Federal investigation determined the team had followed
procedures correctly.
There was no friendly fire incident during the 18 hour operation.



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D/S Matt Williams & Diogie
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D/S Matt Williams & Diogie
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D/S Matt Williams & Diogie
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I.W.C.E. 2009
 Ben
D. Holycross, Radio Systems Manager
 Polk County Emergency Management
 202 Bartow Municipal Airport
 Bartow, Fl 33830
 (863) 519-7381
 Benholycross@polkfl.com
 Ben.holycros@hughes.net
 http://www.benjaminholycross.name
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