Photorealistic Outcrop at
Dallas Post Office
• Accuracy of a few centimeters
• Photo registration about 0.7 – 2.7
pixels.
• Bring outcrop back to office
photorealistically in three-dimensions
• Directly taking measurement on photos
in three-dimensions
• Virtual field trip
Objectives
• Rendering the geological outcrop
photorealistically in three-dimensions
• Capturing the entire outcrop in threedimensions and taking back to office
• Additional 3D mapping and measurements
back in office.
Traditional Image Registration
• Apply the low order polynomial function to
map the image coordinates into world
space.
• Only appropriate with a perpendicular
perspective and relatively small relief
• Poor accuracy
Traditional Image Registration
The georeferenced
digital geological map
Geological map draped
onto terrain surface
The DEM
Geometric Measurement
• Rely on stereo image sequences.
• Require a large amount of correspondence
points.
• Time consuming.
• Not good for natural surfaces.
Stereo Image Sequence Capture System
Image Registration
• Rely on pinhole model.
• Project the ray of a point into camera space.
• Project to image plane by projective
transform.
• Linear initialization and non-linear
optimization.
Camera Geometry
(Pinhole Model)
Image Registration
• Rely on pinhole model.
• Project the ray of a point into camera space.
• Project to image plane by projective
transform.
• Linear initialization and non-linear
optimization.
Coordinate Transforms
x  A11 A12 A13 X  X0
 y  A21 A22 A23 Y   Y0
  
   
 z  A31 A32 A33  Z   Z0 
u ' f  x 
 v'  z  y 
 
 
u   DuSuu ' u 0 
 v    Dvv'    v 0 
  
  
Regional Geology
Study Site
2D Map View
Perspective View of Surveyed Points
Terrain Surface
Result of Image Registration
Photo Reflect
or
F (mm)
Std.
Error
K1
K2
P1
P2
Photo
1
No
23.1102
2.43
2.88e-5
-5.25e7
-4.03e-4
4.73e-4
Photo
2
No
23.8787
2.41
-2.17e-4
-2.80e7
1.60e-4
5.62e-4
Photo
3
Yes
23.5933
1.45
-5.54e-4
1.55e-6
-3.92e-5
-4.99e4
Photo
4
Yes
23.1816
0.63
-5.23e-4
1.17e-4
2.35e-6
-1.52e4
Photo
5
Yes
23.1962
0.72
-5.5e-4
1.46e-6
-5.87e-5
1.45e-4
Control Points
Photo Mosaic
Reproject The Bed And Faults Onto Image
Photorealistic Outcrop
Photorealistic Outcrop
Re-Digitized Key Beds and Faults
Interpolated Subsurface
Interpolated Subsurface
A Cross Section From The 3D Model
Photorealistic Virtual Outcrop
Photorealistic Virtual Outcrop