Human Body Systems—KEY
Standard
II.II.III.2.
Obj #
1
Objective Description
Describe the levels of organization
of living things.
I.I.III.1.
2
Explain the forces produced by
muscles in the body
II.II.III.2.
II.I.I.5.
3
Describe how food moves through
the digestive system
“Fight Apathy”
Key Points
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Digestive, nervous, and circulatory system
Tissues
o Epithelial
o Nerve
o Connective
o Muscle
Levers and muscles
Muscular and Skeletal System
Blood pressure
Striated, Smooth, and Cardiac muscles
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, rectum
Mechanical and chemical digestion.
Standards:
II.I.III.1. Know that forces cause motion in living systems, including:
• the principle of a lever and how it gives mechanical advantage to a muscular/skeletal
system to lift objects
• forces in specific systems in the human body (e.g., how the heart generates blood
pressure, how muscles contract and expand to produce motion).
II.II.III.2. Explain how organs are composed of tissues of different types of cells (e.g., skin,
bone, muscle, heart, intestines).
II.I.I.5. Know that chemical reactions are essential to life processes.
I.I.I.2. Use models to explain the relationships between variables being investigated.
Word
Vocabulary Words:
REVIEW: organism, unicellular
NEW: tissue, organ, organ system, cell, ligament, tendon
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
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Human Body Systems—KEY
“Fight Apathy”
Drawing
Sentence
The heart is made of several
types of tissue.
The stomach is an example of
an organ.
The digestive system is an
organ system.
Definition
A group of cells that look alike
and work together+
A group of tissues that work
together to do a special job.
A group of organs that work
together
Word
Cell
Ligament
Tendon
Sentence
All living things are made of one
or more cells.
Your knee has ligaments to
connect your bones.
A tendon hooks your bicep
to your bones.
Definition
The basic unit of structure and
function in living things.
Tissue that connects bone to
bone.
Tissue that connects
muscle to bone.
Drawing
Key Question: How do parts of the human body work
together?
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Human Body Systems—KEY
“Fight Apathy”
Human Body Organization
Cell
I. The parts of your body (cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems)
must work together to make an organism.
A. A cell is a tiny structure that contains all the materials
necessary for life.
B. (p.306) A group of cells that look alike and work together
form a tissue. There are many types of tissue in the body
1. Muscle tissue is made of cells that can become
shorter to produce force and movement.
1. The bicep in your arm is made of muscle
tissue.
2. Epithelial tissue covers and protects the parts of the
body
Tissue
1. Your skin is made of epithelial tissue.
3. Connective tissue holds some parts of the body
together.
1. Bone, blood, ligaments, and tendons are
connective tissue
4. Nerve tissue carries messages in the body.
1. Your brain and spinal cord are made of
nerve tissue.
C. (p.308) Groups of tissues that work together form an organ.
One type of tissue working alone cannot do the job.
Organ
1. Your heart is an organ that is made of several types
of tissues.
a.
A special type of muscle tissue makes up
most of the heart that pumps blood throughout
the body.
b.
Nerve tissue carries impulses (messages)
to the heart and controls the heartbeat.
D. A group of organs that works together forms an organ
system.
Organ
1. The heart is part of the circulatory system
System
2. The stomach is part of the digestive system
3. The brain is part of the nervous system.
Summary:
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Human Body Systems—KEY
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Human Body Organization CBM Study Guide:
Directions: Write the answers to these questions. Most of the answers are “right there” in your notes.
1. Order the following
words from
1. Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system
SMALLEST to
LARGEST
 Tissue
 Organ System
 Organ
 Cell
2-3. Name 2 organs.
2. Heart
3. Lungs, brain, stomach, intestine, liver, etc.
4. What does muscle
tissue do?
5. What does epithelial
tissue do?
6. What does nervous
tissue do?
7. What does connective
tissue do?
8. What is a tissue?
4. Contracts to produce force and movement.
5. Covers and protects the parts of the body.
6. Carries messages in the body.
7. Holds some parts of the body together.
8. A group of cells that look alike and work together.
9. What is an organ?
9. A group of tissues working together.
10. Unicellular organisms
are made of one cell.
Explain why they
cannot have organs.
11. What type of tissue
makes up the brain
and spinal chord?
12. Identify two types of
tissue in the heart.
4
10. Organs are made of more than one cell. Unicellular organisms cannot have
organs because unicellular organisms have only one cell.
11. Nerve tissue
12. Nerve tissue and muscle tissue (and also connective tissue)
Human Body Systems—KEY
Word
“Fight Apathy”
Vocabulary Words:
REVIEW: tissue, joint
NEW: contract, muscle, force, arteries, cartilage, lever
Contract
Muscle
Force
Drawing
Sentence
Your bicep muscle contracts to
bend your elbow joint.
Your bicep is a muscle.
The force for lifting an object
comes from your bicep.
Contract means shorten.
A tissue that contracts to
produce force.
Pulling or pushing on an object.
Forces often make objects
move.
Definition
Word
Arteries
Cartilage
Lever
Sentence
Arteries carry blood from your
heart to your feet.
There is cartilage in each joint
to provide padding.
Your bones act like levers in
your body.
Definition
Tubes (vessels) that carry
blood away from the heart.
Tough, flexible, connective
tissue.
A bar that turns around one
point.
Drawing
Key Question: How is your body like a seesaw?
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Human Body Systems—KEY
“Fight Apathy”
Skeletal System
I. (p.310) The skeletal system is made up of bone and
cartilage.
II. The skeletal system has several jobs
A. The major job s to support the body.
B. The skeletal system works together with the
muscles to move the body.
C. The skeletal system protects important organs.
1. The skull protects the brain
D. Cartilage is tough, but flexible connective tissue.
1. Cartilage provides padding and protection
at joints, but is not as hard as bone tissue.
Muscular System
III. (p.316) Most muscles contract, or shorten, and pull on
tendons, which pull on bones. This force on the bone makes
your body move.
A. Muscles move bones only when muscles contract.
B. Most muscles work in teams of two (muscles work
like levers).
1. Your biceps bend your elbow.
2. Your triceps straighten your arm.
IV. (p.320) There are three types of muscle tissue in the human
body.
A. Striated Muscles, like Skeletal Muscles are
controlled by you.
B. Smooth Muscle is found in blood vessels, stomach,
and other organs like the small intestine.
C. Cardiac Muscle is found only in the heart and major
blood vessels.
1. Cardiac muscle contracts to make pressure
in the blood vessels.
1. Blood pressure is the force of
blood pushing on the arteries in the
body.
Summary:
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Human Body Systems—KEY
“Fight Apathy”
Skeletal and Muscular Systems CBM Study Guide
Directions: Write the answer to these questions. Most of the answers are “right there” in your notes (on the
following page)
1. Which body system is
made of bones and
1. Skeletal System
cartilage?
2. Which body system
causes movement by
2. Muscular System
exerting force on bones?
3. What word means
“shorten”. (hint: muscles 3. Contract
do this when they exert
force).
4. What is blood pressure?
4. The force of blood on the arteries
5. Which body system
supports and protects the 5. Skeletal System
parts of the body?
6. Where in the body do you
find cardiac muscle?
6. The heart
7. Where in the body do you
find striated muscle?
7. attached to your skeleton (like your biceps)
8. Where in the body do you
find smooth muscle?
8. blood vessels, intestine, stomach
9. Which muscle contracts to
bend your elbow?
9. Bicep
10. Which muscle contracts to
straighten your arm?
10. Triceps
11. Most muscles work in
teams of how many?
11. Two
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Human Body Systems—KEY
“Fight Apathy”
Vocabulary Words:
REVIEW: tissue, cell
NEW: mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, excretion, nutrients, waste
Word
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Drawing
Chewing food is mechanical
digestion.
The acid and enzymes in your
stomach break down food with
chemical digestion.
Absorption happens in the
small intestine.
Definition
Process of cutting and crushing
large pieces of food into
smaller ones.
Process of chemical reactions
breaking food molecules down
into smaller ones.
Movement of food
molecules from the
digestive system to the
blood.
Word
Excretion
Nutrients
Waste
Going to the bathroom is an
example of excretion.
Fruit has lots of nutrients.
Your excrete waste.
Getting rid of wastes.
Foods or substances that
organism consume for energy
or growth.
Substances that cannot be
used by the body.
Sentence
Drawing
Sentence
Definition
Key Question: How do you get energy from your food?
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Human Body Systems—KEY
“Fight Apathy”
Digestive System
I.
The Digestive System breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and gets rid of
wastes.
II. (p. 340) Digestion is the process of breaking down foods into a usable form.
A. Food moves from the mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, to the rectum
1. (p. 342) In the mouth, we use teeth for mechanical digestion
and saliva for chemical digestion.
2. (p. 344) Food leaves the esophagus, and enters the
stomach.
a. The stomach uses both Mechanical Digestion and
Chemical Digestion.
b. Enzymes and digestive fluid chemically digest food
here.
3. (p. 346) After the stomach, food goes to the small intestine
a. The small intestine uses mostly chemical digestion
b. (p. 347) Absorption (the movement of food from the
digestive system to the blood) takes place through
the walls of the small intestine.
c. Your body uses this food—chemical reactions
convert energy in the food into heat and motion.
4. (p. 347) Food goes from the small intestine to the large
intestine
a. The large intestine is where water and minerals are
absorbed into the blood.
5. Waste is temporarily stored in the rectum, until it can be
eliminated from the body (called excretion).
Summary:
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Human Body Systems—KEY
Digestive System:
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“Fight Apathy”
Human Body Systems—KEY
“Fight Apathy”
Digestive System Study Guide
Directions: Write the answers to these questions. Most of the answers are “right there” in your notes (on the
following page).
1-3. What are the three
functions of the digestive
1. Break down food
system?
2. Absorb Nutrients
3. Get rid of wastes
4. What is chemical
digestion?
5. What is mechanical
digestion?
6. Name 3 places that
chemical digestion occurs.
7. What is the name of the
process that moves food
from the intestine to the
blood?
8. Put these parts of the
digestion in order (start with
food going in and end with
waste coming out).
 Rectum
 Small Intestine
 Large intestine
 Mouth
 Esophagus
 Stomach
9. What does your body
convert energy from food
into?
4. Process of chemical reactions breaking food molecules down into smaller ones.
5. Process of cutting and crushing large pieces of food into smaller ones.
6. Mouth, Stomach, Small intestine
7. Absorption
8. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
9. Heat or motion
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