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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Module C: Chapter 2
The Cell in Action
Section 1: Exchange with the Environment
Section 2: Cell Energy
Section 3: The Cell Cycle
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1
Exchange with the Environment
Bellringer
Which of the following best describes a living cell:
a) building block
b) a living organism
c) a complex factory
d) all of the above
Write a paragraph in your science journal defending your
choice.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1
Exchange with the Environment
Objectives
• Explain the process of diffusion.
• Describe how osmosis occurs.
• Compare passive transport with active transport.
• Explain how large particles get into and out of cells.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1
Exchange with the Environment
What Is Diffusion?
• Diffusion of Water The diffusion of water through cell
membranes is so important to life processes that it has
been given a special name—osmosis.
• The Cell and Osmosis Osmosis is important to cell
functions. For example, red blood cells are surrounded by
plasma. Plasma is made up of water, salts, sugars, and
other particles. The concentration of these particles is kept
in balance by osmosis.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1
Exchange with the Environment
Moving Small Particles
• Passive Transport The movement of particles across a
cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell is
called passive transport.
• Active Transport A process of transporting particles that
requires the cell to use energy is called active transport.
Active and passive transport are shown on the next slide.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1
Passive and Active Transport
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1
The Diversity of Cells
Moving Large Particles
• Endocytosis The active-transport process by which a
cell surrounds a large particle and encloses the particle in
a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell is called
endocytosis.
• Exocytosis When a large particle leaves the cell, the
cell uses an active-transport process called exocytosis.
• Exocytosis and endocytosis are shown on the next slide.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 2
Cell Energy
Bellringer
Make a list of all the different types of cells that you can
think of and the jobs they do. Then make a list of all the
reasons that a cell needs energy.
Write your answers in your science journal.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 2
Cell Energy
Objectives
• Describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
• Compare cellular respiration with fermentation.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 2
Cell Energy
From Sun to Cell
• What Is Photosynthesis? Plants capture energy from
the sun and change it into food through a process called
photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll Plant cells have molecules that absorb light
energy. These molecules are called pigments. Chlorophyll
the main pigment used in photosynthesis, gives plants their
green color. Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 2
Cell Energy
Getting Energy from Food
• Cellular Respiration During cellular respiration, food
(such as glucose) is broken down into carbon dioxide and
water, and energy is released.
• Connection Between Photosynthesis and Respiration
During photosynthesis, cells take in carbon dioxide and
release oxygen. During cellular respiration, cells use
oxygen to break down glucose and release energy and
carbon dioxide.
• Fermentation When muscles can’t get the oxygen for
cellular respiration, they use fermentation to get energy.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 3
The Cell Cycle
Bellringer
Biology is the only science in which multiplication means
the same thing as division—at least with regards to cells.
Explain what is meant by this statement in your science
journal.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 3
The Cell Cycle
Objectives
• Explain how cells produce more cells.
• Describe the process of mitosis.
• Explain how cell division differs in animals and plants.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 3
The Cell Cycle
The Life of a Cell
• Making More Prokaryotic Cells Cell division in bacteria
is called binary fission, which means “ splitting into two
parts.” Binary fission results in two cells that each contain
one copy of the circle of DNA.
• Eukaryotic Cells and Their DNA The chromosomes of
eukaryotic cells contain more DNA than those of
prokaryotic cells do.
• Making More Eukaryotic Cells The cell cycle has three
stages. In the first stage, the cell grows and copies its
chromosomes. In the second stage, the chromatids
separate. In the third stage, the cell splits into two.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 3
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
• Mitosis Mitosis has four phases that include prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
• Cytokinesis The division of cytoplasm is called
Cytokinesis.
End of Slide
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 4
The Cell in Action
Concept Map
Use the following terms to complete the concept map on
the next slide: ATP, photosynthesis, oxygen, water,
consumers, lactic acid, producers, respiration, energy.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 4
Concept Map
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 4
Concept Map
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.