LAND COVER MAPPING AND LAND COVER CHANGES
WRI - FAO - DRSRS
Charles Situma
charles.situma@yahoo.com
Project financed by the World Resources Institute (WRI)
carried out by
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
in collaboration with
Kenya Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS)
DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCE SURVEYS AND
REMOTE SENSING (DRSRS)
MANDATE
Collection,
storage,
analysis,
updating and dissemination of geospatial
information
on
natural
resources
and
environment
to
facilitate informed decision-making
for sustainable development
The
data
collected
by
the
department forms the basis for
formulation of sound development
plans,
policies
and
strategies
various government ministries and
agencies.
DRSRS strives to meet objectives
and aspirations of the Ministry and
GoK as outlined in Vision 2030
Publications
Project purposes:
- Update of Kenya land cover map (FAO
Africover database) 2000 - 2010
- Land Cover Changes Analysis
DELIVERABLES
- National harmonized land cover legend based on FAO/UNEP
Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)
- National Land Cover Database
- National Land Cover Changes database (shapefile and mdb)
PRODUCT DISSEMINATION
-The data is hosted by DRSRS
- Results could be downloaded through FAO’s geospatial data
portal GeoNetwork
Satellite image interpretation for land cover mapping
Land Cover update - Workflow
•
Satellite - Images acquisition
•
Object based segmentation – Definiens Ecognition Software
•
Legend - based on FAO Land Cover Classification System / Africover
•
Prelabeling of images based on former FAO Africover Data
•
Interpretation detail enhancement new tools for classification and labeling FAO Madcat Software
•
Fieldwork Activities
•
Topology check
•
Interpretation review based on field work results
•
Review of homogenity and consistency of interpretation between
photointerpreters
•
Review of Database fields and codes
•
GIS review – final topology check
•
Final database output – Data overview through FAO ADG Software
1) Satellite images
Landsat (2000)
Landsat (2005)
Landsat
Aster
Aster
Google Earth
Google Earth
Overview Landsat image index
Overview Aster image index
FIELDWORK ACTIVITIES
A fieldwork campaign was
carried out in March 2011.
Areas to be surveyed were
defined following a regular grid
of 0.5 degrees
10*10 Km (ECONET)
According with the accessibility
of the areas (security issues,
road network, time schedule)
were defined 1 to 4 land cover
classes to survey for each area.
If the plot could not be reached,
the points were selected out of
the box in nearby areas.
The map shows the points for each one of the 3 fieldwork teams with additional points within the 10 km plots.
(Source: DRSRS Final Report on Fieldwork Activities)
A sample field data record sheet filled in the field during survey –MDB
format
The total points visited by the 3 groups are as follows,
Group1 : 60 points
Group2: 84 points
Group3: 50 points.
Sample point selection
The FAO Afrocover methodology for land cover field survey was illustrated in the last 2 days of the workshop held
in DRSRS in January 2011.
Due to the fact that the preliminary interpretation was not yet completed was defined to use a regular grid as
source to define the field points, as mentioned in the previous slide.
Within this areas, according with the accessibility and land cover type available in the area, were defined specific
locations to survey (1-4 points for each block).
Each sample plot measured 10 Km x10 Km Figure 3.2). At least three sample points were surveyed in each plot
The full procedure was run from the accessibility assessment, to the definition of field work results output.
10 Km
10 Km
Sampling area
Sample
point
Field Survey
Survey KE_167
KE_167
Field
Picturedirection
directionW
S
Picture
For Each poin were recorded information about the land cover and 4 pictures in the
cardinal directions N E S W
The survey number and picture direction are visible in the blackboard in the picture
After the field work, the data was downloaded and loaded in ArcGIS with all
the details of each plot no and corresponding photos of each plot. An
hyperlink was created in order to view the pictures linked to each point
clicking on the point symbol
Map Code
Class User Name
LCCS Gis Code
A11 - Cultivated and managed terrestrial areas
Legend
LCCS Class Name
Broadleaved evergreen forest plantation
Needleleaved evergreen forest plantation
Permanently cropped area with rainfed tree crops. Large sized fields (> 4 ha)
Citrus plantation. Surface Irrigated
Small sized fields (<2ha) of rainfed tree crops
Scattered Isolated small fields (<2ha) of rainfed tree crops
Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops.
Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Pineapple
Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Coffee
Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Tea
Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Sisal
Small (<2ha) rainfed shrub crops
Scattered Isolated small (<2ha) rainfed shrub crops
Large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops
Large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals
Large to medium (>2ha) irrigated herbaceous crops.
Large to medium (>2ha) irrigated herbaceous crops. Sugar cane
Scattered isolated large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops
1TPLbe
10153-1-W7
1TPLne
10153-5671-W7
1TLPL
10495-11341-W7
1TLMi_ci
10499-1888-S0606W8
1TS
10541-W8
1TS-is
10557-W8
1SLM
10567
1SLM_p
10567-S0619
1SLM_co
10567-S0802
1SLM_t
10567-S0804
1SLM_s
10567-S0913
1SS
10613
1SS-is
10629
1HLM
10637
1HLM_ce
10637-S3
1HLMi
10651
1HLMi_su
10651-13227-S0915
1HLM-is
10717
1HLM-is_ce
10717-S3
1HS
10756
Scattered isolated large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals
Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops.
Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Second layer: sparse trees
1HS+2TS
10285 + 20053
1HSS+2TS
10756-L2 + 20052
1HS_ce
10756-S3
1HSY
10760
1HSi
10763
Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops on sloping land. Second layer: sparse trees
Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals
Small (<2ha) fields of post flooding herbaceous crops
Small (<2ha) fields of irrigated herbaceous crops.
Scattered isolated small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops
Scattered isolated small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals
Scattered Isolated Small (<2ha) fields of post flooding herbaceous crops
Greenhouse
1HS-is
10796
1HS-is_ce
10796-S3
1HSY-is
10800
1GH
11438-11971(2)[Z4]
70 classes
A12 – Natural or semi-natural terrestrial vegetation
Class User Name
Map Code
LCCS Gis Code
2TC
20282
LCCS Class Name
Tree closed (>65%)
Closed (>65%) broadleaved evergreen forest
Closed (>65%) bamboo forest
Trees open (40-65%) with shrubs closed to open (15-65%).
Trees very open (15-40%) with shrubs closed to open (15-65%).
Trees very open (15-40%) with sparse (<15%) shrubs
Sparse Trees (< 15%) on sparse (<15%) herbaceous
Closed (>65%) shrubs
Open (40-65%) shrubs
Very open (15-40%) shrubs
Very open (15%-40%) shrubs with sparse (<15%) trees
Sparse (<15%) shrubs
Closed to Open (15-100%) herbaceous
Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous with sparse (<15%) trees
Sparse (<15%) herbaceous
2TCbe
20634
2TCba
20282-Zt2
2TO_sco
20326-1
2TVO_sco
20326-3012
2TVO_ss
20336-3012
2TS
20505
2SC
20357
2SO
20385-1
2SVO
20385-3012
2SVOTS
20393-3012
2SS
20511
2HCO
21644
2HCOTS
21646
2HS
20060
Map Code
LCCS Gis Code
3RLM
3030-S0308
3RS
3045-S0308
Map Code
LCCS Gis Code
4TCFFbr
40040-R2
4TOF
40047
4SOF
40053
4SCOFF
41970
4HCOTSF
42175
4HCOFF
42347
4HCOF
42348
A23 – Cultivated aquatic or regularly flooded areas
Class User Name
LCCS Class Name
Large to medium (>2ha) paddy rice fields
Small(<2ha) paddy rice fields
A24 – Natural or semi-natural aquatic vegetation
Class User Name
LCCS Class Name
Closed (>65%) trees on permanently flooded land. Brackish water
Open (15-65%) trees on temporarily flooded land
Open (15-65%) shrubs on temporarily flooded land
Closed to Open (15-100%) Shrubs On Permanently Flooded Land
Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous with sparse (<15%) trees on temporarily flooded land
Closed to open (15-65%) herbaceous on permanently flooded land
Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous on temporarily flooded land
B15 - Artificial surfaces and associates area(s)
Class User Name
Map Code
LCCS Gis Code
5U
5003-9
5UR
5003-9-A44Zp1
5A
5003-A21
5UC
5003-A34
5Q
5004-2
Map Code
LCCS Gis Code
6R
6002-1
6GR
6002-2
6S
6005
6L
6006
Map Code
LCCS Gis Code
7WS
7002-5
Map Code
LCCS Gis Code
8WFP
8002-1-V1
LCCS Class Name
Urban areas
Rural areas
Airport
Refugee camp
Quarries
B16 – Bare area(s)
Class User Name
LCCS Class Name
Bare rock
Gravels, Stones And/Or Boulders. River bank and rock debris
Bare soil
Loose sand
B27 – Artificial water bodies, snow and ice
Class User Name
LCCS Class Name
Artificial lake and pund
B28 – Natural water bodies, snow and ice
Class User Name
LCCS Class Name
Perennial rivers
Perennial lakes
Non-Perennial Natural Waterbodies (Flowing) with Scattered Vegetation
Seasonal rivers
Seasonal lakes
Tidal area
Perennial snow
8WSP
8002-5
8WFTv
8003-1-U1
8WFT
8003-4
8WST
8003-7
8Wt
8004-19
8SP
8006
KE_183_A
KE_050_A
KE_092_3
KE_092_3
KE_102_2
Land Cover Interpretation
Kenya Land Cover Map
Preliminary Results
Overview
Kenya LC database before
field survey activity
Results Overview
Land Cover Data – National Level
1 Total Areas: 1970’s, 1980’s, 2000, 2010
2 Changes: area values - percentages
Results Overview
Forest, Agriculture, Urban areas
Area Km2
Land cover type
Results – Woody Coverage
Overview: Spatial Distribution
Kenya 2000
Tree closed, Tree
open
and Woody closed
areas
Results
Closed forest coverage – Kenya Provinces
Results
Urban areas – Kenya Provinces
Results
Forest Plantations – Kenya Provinces
Results – Agriculture
a Agricultural Area Changes – Areal Distribution Of Changes
a1) 1970’s - 2000
a2) 1970’s - 1980’s
a3) 1980’s - 2000
b Agricultural Field Density
b1) 1970’s
b2) 1980’s
b3) 2000
Results – Agriculture
Agricultural Areas Km2
Agricultural areas – Kenya Provinces
Results – Agriculture
Agricultural field density 1970’s
Kenya Land Cover Change analysis
Agricultural areas
The map shows the field density within the polygon area.
According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification
there are 3 levels of spatial distribution:
•Continuous fields
•Scattered clustered
•Scattered isolated
Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area
when in single class codes and 50-80%
when in mixed units
Scattered clustered between 20 and 50%
of the polygon area
Scattered isolated between 10 and 20%
of the polygon area
Results – Agriculture
Agricultural field density 1980’s
Kenya Land Cover Change analysis
Agricultural areas
The map shows the field density within the polygon area.
According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification
there are 3 levels of spatial distribution:
•Continuous fields
•Scattered clustered
•Scattered isolated
Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area
when in single class codes and 50-80%
when in mixed units
Scattered clustered between 20 and 50%
of the polygon area
Scattered isolated between 10 and 20%
of the polygon area
Results – Agriculture
Agricultural field density 2000
Kenya Land Cover Change analysis
Agricultural areas
The map shows the field density within the polygon area.
According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification
there are 3 levels of spatial distribution:
•Continuous fields
•Scattered clustered
•Scattered isolated
Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area
when in single class codes and 50-80%
when in mixed units
Scattered clustered between 20 and 50%
of the polygon area
Scattered isolated between 10 and 20%
of the polygon area
Results Overview
Forest, Agriculture, Urban land cover area
Area Km2
Land cover type
Land Cover Changes 2000 - 2010 – Partial results
TOTAL AREAS
Agriculture
Rangeland
Trees
Forest Plantation
Urban Areas
Water
2000 Ha
7242066
36518205
10601906
108461
82710
1463815
2010 Ha
7408341
36517633
10464454
98870
89294
1440852
% of change
2.3
0.0
-1.3
-8.8
8.0
-1.6
N.B. Total areas calculated considering the main class in mixed classes
Dataset Applications
Main fields of application:

Planning (Land Use and Planning, Development Activities Planning)

Education

Research (Activities within Research Institutions and Universities)

Water (Water Conservation, Use and Control)

Agriculture (Soil and Land Conservation, Pest Control, Crop Monitoring)

Environment (Forestry, Biodiversity, Wildlife, Sensitive Areas, etc.)

Monitoring (Food Security, Early Warning)

Health (Disease control, health infrastructure, vaccination campaigns, etc.)

Other Application
Database Request Statistics
Relative Volumes of Data Set Requests by Application
Other
14%
Planning
18%
Health
3%
Monitoring
5%
Education
8%
Environment
17%
Research
21%
Agriculture
8%
Water
6%
% of requests per type of organization
Universities
30%
Governmental
Organizations and
Governmental Research
Institutes
20%
International NGOs
19%
UN agencies and
European Commission
19%
Private and Commercial
Organizations and
Individuals
12%
Total number of request for Kenya 2323 – pending 9 – rejected 219
Total number of delivered data for Kenya
Total approved requests
2095
Kenya - Spatially Aggregated Multipurpose Landcover database (Africover)
Kenya - Thematic Grassland Aggregation (Africover)
Kenya - Thematic Agriculture Aggregation (Africover)
Kenya - Thematic Woody Aggregation (Africover)
Kenya - Thematic Aggregation Geomorphology / Lithology
Kenya - Thematic Aggregation Geomorphology / Landform
Kenya - Boundaries, Towns, Roads, Rivers
372
131
216
142
104
113
1017
Other Initiatives

PASCO/KFS/RCMRD/DRSRS
DRSRS is involved in:
◦ Clinton Climate Initiatives
on land cover mapping of
Kenya
◦ KFS REDD Readness plan
for MRV (Monitoring,
Reporting and Verification
on Forests)
◦ FAO/DRSRS Dryland forest
mapping for REDD
THE END