TMDL Modeling Toolbox
Environmental Fluid Dynamics
Code (EFDC)
Steven Davie
Tetra Tech Inc.
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Overview
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Introduction to EFDC
History of code and model development
Peer Review and Validation of model
Pre-processing Tools
Post-processing Tools
Simple setup and example
Complex setup and example
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Introduction to EFDC (1 of 2)
• Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code = EFDC
• EFDC is a 2-D/3-D orthogonal curvilinear grid
hydrodynamic model.
• EFDC can solve for the circulation and transport
of material in complex environments including,
estuaries, coastal embayments, lakes and
offshore.
• EFDC also provides solutions for salinity,
temperature, and conservative tracers with full
density feedback to handle stratified conditions.
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Introduction to EFDC (2 of 2)
• EFDC Model Includes Internally Linked
– Hydrodynamics
– Sediment Transport and Toxic Transport & Fate
• Public Domain Model
• The EFDC Model Has:
– Extensive Application Track Record
– Peer Reviewed Publications
– Peer Review Panels for Major Applications
• EFDC Is Maintained by Tetra Tech with
Primary Support from US EPA
• EFDC-Hydro Can Be Linked to WASP and
CE-QUAL-ICM
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
History of Development
• Developed by John Hamrick at Virginia Institute
of Marine Science with Primary Support from
State of Virginia
– VIMS Version (HEM3D) Frozen in 1996
• Tetra Tech, Inc. Has Continued to Develop,
Maintain, and Support EFDC Since 1996.
• EPA Region 4 has supported revision of the
code for only hydrodynamics and sediment
transport and the ability to link with the WASP
water quality model.
• Currently used by Federal, State and Local
Agencies, Consultants, and Universities.
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
EFDC Capabilities
• Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics with
Coupled Salinity and Temperature Transport
• Directly Coupled Toxic Contaminated
Sediment Transport and Fate Model
• Integrated Near-field Mixing Zone Model
• Pre-Processing Software for Grid Generation
and Input File Creation
• Post-Processing Software for Analysis,
Graphic, and Visualization
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Hydrodynamics (1 of 3)
• Three-Dimensional with 2-D and 1-D Options
• Boundary Fitted Horizontal CurvilinearOrthogonal Grid and Sigma (Stretched) Vertical
Grid
• Conservative, 2nd Order Accurate Finite
Difference/Finite Volume Numerics
• Highly Efficient Two or Three Time-Level SemiImplicit Temporal Solution
• Includes M-Y Turbulence Closure Model
• Dynamically Coupled Salinity and Temperature
Transport
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Hydrodynamics (2 of 3)
• MPDATA and COSMIC Advection Schemes
• Newtonian Nudging Data Assimilation for
Water Surface Elevation and Scalar Transport
Variables
• Drying and Wetting of Shallow Areas
• Wave-Current Boundary Layers and Wave
Induced Current via SWAN and RIFDIF
Linkages
• Hydraulic Control Structures
• Vegetation Resistance
• 1D Channel Network Option Using HEC Type
Cross Sections
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Hydrodynamics (3 of 3)
Hydrodynamics
Dynamics
(E, u, v, w, mixing)
Dye
Temperature
Salinity
Near Field
Plume
Drifter
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
EFDC Validation (1 of 2)
• 14 Years of Use on Over 100 Applications
by Numerous Users
• Analytic Solutions for
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Tidal Propagation
Oscillatory Boundary Layers
Wind Setup Seiche
Sediment Settling
Cohesive Bed Consolidation
Contaminant Partitioning and Diffusion in Bed
and Water Column
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
EFDC Validation (2 of 2)
• Simulation of Laboratory Experiments
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Tidal Propagation
Salinity Intrusion
Velocity Redistribution in Curved Channels
Movable Bed Sediment Transport
• Mass and Energy Balances
– Field Scale Sediment and PCB Application
• Opposing Party Code Review in High Profile
Superfund Application
• Widely accepted for regulatory purposes:
– TMDLs, WLAs and NPDES permitting
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications
Hamrick, J. M., and T. S. Wu, 1997: Computational design and optimization of the EFDC/HEM3-D surface water
hydrodynamic and eutrophication models. Next Generation Environmental Models and Computational Methods.
G. Delich and M. F. Wheeler, Eds., Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 143-156.
Hamrick, J.M., 1994: Linking hydrodynamic and biogeochemical transport models for estuarine and coastal waters.
Estuary and Coastal Modeling, Proc. Third Intl. Conf., M. L. Spaulding et al., Eds., ASCE, New York, 591 608.
Jin, K. R., and Z. G. Ji, 2003: Modeling of sediment transport processes and wind-wave impact in a large shallow
lake. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE (tentatively accepted)
Jin, K. R., and Z. G. Ji, 2003: Application and validation of a 3-D model in a shallow lake. Journal of Waterway, Port,
Coastal, and Ocean Engineering (accepted)
Ji, Z.-G., J. H. Hamrick, and J. Pagenkopf, 2002: Sediment and metals modeling in shallow river, Journal of
Environmental Engineering, 128, 105-119.
Jin, K. R., Z. G. Ji, and J. M. Hamrick, 2002: Modeling winter circulation in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Journal of
Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 128, 114-125.
Ji, Z.-G., M. R. Morton, and J. M. Hamrick: 2001: Wetting and drying simulation of estuarine processes, Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 53, 683-700.
Jin, K.-R., and Z.-G. Ji. 2001. Calibration and Verification of a Spectral Wind-Wave Model for Lake Okeechobee.
Journal of Ocean Engineering, 28(5), 573-586.
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications
Jin, K. R., J. M. Hamrick, and T. S. Tisdale, 2000: Application of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for Lake
Okeechobee. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 126, 758-771.
Moustafa, M. Z., and J. M. Hamrick, 2000: Calibration of the wetland hydrodynamic model to the Everglades nutrient
removal project. Water Quality and Ecosystem Modeling, 1, 141-167.
Shen, J. Boon, J., and Kuo, A. Y. 1999. A numerical study of a tidal intrusion front and its impact on larval dispersion
in the James River estuary, Virginia. Estuaries, 22(3), 681-692.
Shen, J. and Kuo, A.Y. 1999. Numerical investigation of an estuarine front and its associated eddy. Journal of
Waterways, Ports, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 125 (3), 127-135.
Kuo, A.Y., Shen, J. and Hamrick, J. M. 1996: The effect of acceleration on bottom shear stress in tidal estuaries.
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 122 (2), 75-83.
Wu, T. S., J. M. Hamrick, S. C. McCutechon, and R. B. Ambrose, 1997: Benchmarking the EFDC/HEM3-D surface
water hydrodymamic and eutrophication models. Next Generation Environmental Models and Computational
Methods. G. Delich and M. F. Wheeler, Eds., Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 157161.
Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2003: Variational inverse parameter estimation in a cohesive sediment transport model:
an adjoint approach. Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2002: Variational inverse parameter estimation in a long-term tidal transport model.
Water Resources Research, in press.
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Lake Okeechobee FL
me 001  13 Nov 2002  florida bay full grid
EFDC
Grids
26
Florida Bay FL
North Lat
25.5
25
Savannah River
and Estuary GA
24.5
-82
-81.5
-81
-80.5
West Long
N
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E
S
0
2
4
e
us
Ne
r
iv e
R
Ba
che
lor
6 Miles
Swift
Creek
Cre
ek
Neuse River and
Estuary NC
Pamlico Sound
Upper
Broad
Creek
Broad
Creek
Goose
Creek
Beard
Creek
Greens
Creek
Dawson
Creek
Trent River
Adams
Creek
Slocum
Creek
Hancock
Creek
Clubfoot
Creek
South
River
Fenholloway
River and
Estuary FL
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Jordan Lake NC
EFDC
Grids
LEGEND
Operating Pool Cells
Wet/Dry Flood Pool Cells
Logan Martin
Lake AL
Mobile Bay AL
10
0
Lake Allatoona GA
Mobile Bay AL
10
2
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
EFDC Pre-Processing
• Grid Generator
–
–
–
–
Develop 2-D and 3-D grids
Depth interpolation
Includes bottom elevation
Tangent points for complex shorelines
• EFDCView
–
–
–
–
Model configuration
Interactive boundary designation
Execution control
Launch post-processor
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Grid Generator
Move Control Point
User may move primary and
secondary control points to fit a
complex shoreline, then
regenerate the grid. The new
grid is automatically displayed
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Interface
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Flint Simple Grid
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Remove Land Cells
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
EFDCView (Preprocessor)
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Assigning Boundaries
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
EFDC Post-Processing
• MOVEM (with WASP)
– EFDCView generates a Binary Model Data
(BMD) file that can be viewed by MOVEM.
• Tecplot
– Animations
– Time series plots
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Flint Creek Example
• Flint Creek watershed in northern AL
• Drains to the TN River
• Grid and model development for the
embayment
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Location Maps
TN River
Subwatershed
N
W
E
S
0
5
10
15 Miles
TMDL Modeling Toolbox - EFDC
Flint Creek Example
#
S
U
%
Y
#
Y
#
WQ Stations
USGS Gages
NPDES Permits
Embayment
NHD Streams
Subwatershed
#
S
#
S
Y
#
Y
#
N
W
0
FC-4
#
S
#
S
#
S
F9
#
S
WF-1
#
S
1
E
S
2 Miles