Overview of Chemistry
What’s the center or target?
Chemical
Reactions
Synthesis (combination)
•Medicine
•Flavorings
•Plastics
•High energy fuels
Acetic acid splits into acetate (C2H3O2)- and H+
O
-
-
-
H 3C
H
H
C
H
O
C
O
H
OH
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
O
H
O
C
H
C
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
O
||
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
Propyl alcohol
OH
O
O
||
CH3C-OH  H2O + CH3CH2CH2-O-CCH3
+
+ acetic acid (vinegar)
+
O
H
O
||
HO
H2O +
O
||
O
C
H
C
H
H
O
||
O
||
O
OH + HO
Octanol (or gasoline>alcohol) +acetic acid
O
||
OH +
HO

water + Octyl acetate (orange flavor)
O
||
H2O +
O
Benzyl alcohol (globs in lava lamps) + acetic acid  water + Benzyl acetate
O
||
OH
+
Isopentenyl alcohol
HO
H 2O +
O
||
O
+ acetic acid  water + Isopentenyl acetate (Juicy-Fruit)
OH + HO
O
||
O
||
O
H 2O +
Ethanol (liquor) + butyric acid (rancid butter) 
water + Ethyl butyrate (Apple flavor)
O
||
OH
+
HO
H 2O +
O
||
O
HO
Amyl alcohol (oil of potato spirit) + salicylic acid (wart remover)  water +Amyl salicylate
amyl (unmilled grain) (5 carbon) (butyric acid= rancid butter)
ALCOHOL
ACID
ESTER FRAGRANCE
1 n-amyl alcohol butyric acid
apricot
2 n-amyl alcohol salicylic acid
pineapple
3 n-amyl alcohol glacial acetic acid
banana
4 n-octyl alcohol glacial acetic acid
fruity
5 methyl alcohol salicylic acid
wintergreen
6 ethyl alcohol
butyric acid
apple
7 ethyl alcohol
glacial acetic acid
fruity
H+
RCOOH + HOR  RCOOR' + H2O
organic acid + alcohol
ester + water
Decomposition
•Speed up decomposition
•Toxic waste
•Waste
•Fats
•Explosives
•Slow down decomposition
•Anti-rust
•Anti-aging
Anything into Oil
Technological savvy could turn 600 million
tons of turkey guts and other waste into 4
billion barrels of light Texas crude each year
AB

A+B
(NH4)2Cr2O7  N2 + 4H2O + Cr2O3
(NH4)2Cr2O7  N2 + 4H2O + Cr2O3
Single replacement
A + BC
B + AC
•Design of batteries
3Zn + 2Cu3PO4 
6Cu + Zn3(PO4)2
Each potato generates about 0.5 volts and 0.2
milliamps. The entire 500 lb battery generated
around 5 volts and 4 milliamps.
Single replacement
A + BC
B + AC
•Sacrificial corrosion
Zn + FeCl2
 Fe + ZnCl2
Protects all
metals below it
Zinc corrodes so iron or
aluminum will not corrode.
These corrosion products
occupy from 2 to 14 times
the volume of the original
steel, creating an
expansive force that is
sufficient to cause the
concrete to crack.
Double replacement
AB + CD
AD + CB
• Purification (barium is poisonous)
•BaCl2 + MgSO4
•Ba2+(aq)+2Cl-(aq)+Mg2+(aq)+SO42-(aq)
BaSO4 + MgCl2
BaSO4(s)+Mg2+(aq)+2Cl-(aq)
Double replacement
AB + CD
• Extraction
AD + CB
Ag + Mg
(Nitric acid)  AgNO3(aq) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
Double replacement
AB + CD
AD + CB
• Neutralizing corrosives
• NaOH + CH3COOH
NaC2H3O2 +HOH
Double replacement
AB + CD
AD + CB
Neutralizing corrosives
2HCl + Na2CO3
HCl
2NaCl + H2CO3
H2CO3  H2O + CO2(g)
Oxidation (combustion)
[loss of electrons]
•Improve oxidation
•Cleaner burning fuels
•Better fireworks
•Antiseptic
•Hyperbaric chambers
•Resist oxidation
•Rust proofing
•Antioxidants
Chemical
Reactions
Atoms combine to form
compounds in simple ratios, such
as 1:1, 1:2, 2:2, 1:3, and so forth.
Double replacement.
3NaOH + Al(NO3)3  3NaNO3 + Al(OH)3
Recall slow moving inventory
and transfer tires to
fast moving inventory
Car Body = Cb
Pair of Wheels = W2
Cb + W2 
CbW4
How many orders of each do we make?
Cb + 2W2 
CbW4
Carbon~Car body
C + Cl2 
Chlorine~Pair wheels
CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride
How many orders of each do we make?
C + 2Cl2 
CCl4
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl C Cl
Cl
Trike Body = Tb
Pair of Wheels = W2
Tb + W2 
TbW3
How many orders of each do we make?
2Tb + 3W2 
2TbW3
Aluminum~Tricycle body Chlorine~Pair wheels
Al + Cl2 
AlCl3
How many orders of each do we make?
2Al + 3Cl2 
2AlCl3
Cl
Cl
Al
Cl
Car body = Cb Pair of Wheels = W2
Bicycle body = Bb
bike bodies + cars 
Bb + CbW4
2 bike bodies + 1 car 
bicycles + car bodies

BbW2 + Cb
2 bicycles + 1 car body
2Bb + CbW4  2BbW2 + Cb
Carbon~Car body Chlorine~pair of wheels
Calcium~bicycle body
Calcium + carbon tetrachloride  Calcium chloride + carbon
Ca + CCl4

CaCl2 + C
2Ca + CCl4  2CaCl2 + C
Cl
Cl C Cl
Cl
Cl Ca Cl
Trike Body = Tb Pair of Wheels = W2
Bicycle body = Bb
Tricycles + bike bodies 
TbW3 + Bb 
2 tricycles + 3 bike bodies 
bicycles + trike bodies
BbW2 + Tb
3 bicycles + 2 trike bodies
2TbW3 + 3Bb  3BbW2 + 2Tb
Aluminum~Tricycle body Chlorine~Pair wheels
Calcium~bicycle body
AlCl3 + Ca 
CaCl2 + Al
2AlCl3 + 3Ca  3CaCl2 + 2Al
Cl
Al Cl
Cl
Trike Body = Tb Pair of Wheels = W2
Wagon body = Wb
Wagon bodies + Tricycles 
Wb + TbW3

Wagons + trike bodies
WbW4 + Tb
3 Wagon bodies + 4 Tricycles  3 Wagons + 4 trike bodies
3Wb + 4TbW3
 3WbW4 + 4Tb
Aluminum~Tricycle body Chlorine~Pair wheels
Silicon~Wagon Body
Si + AlCl3
3Si + 4AlCl3

SiCl4 + Al
 3SiCl4 + 4Al
Cl
Cl Si Cl
Cl
Cl
Al Cl
Cl