Chap 13 Study Guide: Science
Chap 13.1
Famine: An extreme scarcity of food
Population: Caused a decrease in the population, resulted in many deaths.
Time Period: 1840’s
Example: In Ireland, Potato Blight caused the scarcity of potatoes which was
their main staple.
Agricultural Revolution: Major period in population growth, a shift from
harvesting wild food to producing food through of farming and herding.
Population: increased
Time Period: 10,000 years ago
Germ Theory Disease: Theory of bacteria and other microorganisms causing
many diseases. Resulted in better hygiene, sterilization and waste disposal.
Population: Increased
Time Period: Late 1800’s
Plague: May have killed more people than any other single disease. Struck most
of Europe and Asia.
Population: Decreased
Time Period: 1350’s
Permanent Settlements: People began to establish permanent settlements.
Began to gather and store food which reduced the chances of starvation.
Population: Increased
Time Period: Between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago
War: Combat can claim the lives of many very quickly. Causes disease, famine,
and environmental destruction.
Population: Decreased
Time Period: From long ago until now
Biomedical Advancements: Death rates decreased as health and hygiene
improved. Antibiotics, antiseptics, and vaccines wiped out many life-threatening
diseases.
Population: Increased
Time Period: 1850’s
Industrial revolution: Technology advancements that improved food production
and distribution. Reduced length of a work day provided safer working
environments. Improved health care and medicine.
Population: Increased
Time Period: During the past 300 years
Vocab:
Poly cultural: Only grow one type of staple
Mono Cultures: Grow different kinds of staples
Important Questions:
Q: What are some contributing factors to decline growth rates?
A: War, famine, plague and disease.
Q: What era began 300 years ago that brought major pop. growth?
A: Industry growth- time of many technological advancements.
Q: What were Malthus’s views about population growth vs. food supply growth?
A: He believed that the human pop. has the potential to increase much faster
than the food supply. Also that the tendency to outgrow our resources would
lead to famine, war and suffering.
Q: What two rates affect overall population?
A:
Q: What event marks the second period of population growth about 10,000
years ago?
A: The agricultural revolution. People started to use techniques such as farming
and herding instead of gathering wild food.
Q: What has causes an increase in infant morality?
A: There is better prenatal care.
Chap 13.2
Main Idea: Many environmentalists believe that over population is one of the most
serious problems we face currently.
Measuring Growth Rate:
Q: How is growth rate determined?
A: By subtracting the death rate from the birth rate
Q: What does doubling time mean?
A: It indicates how long it will take at the present rate of growth before a population
doubles in size.
Q: What can affect the size of the population?
A: Emigration and Immigration
Demography:
Q: Who needs to know what types of people make up the pop?
A: Scientist, planners, and policy makers
Q: What are answered in demographic studies?
A: We can determine if people are getting older, richer, better educated, having more
children, more men than women?
Q: Why is knowing the growth of population in demographic studies important?
A: So we know how to accommodate the future needs of the population.
Changing Needs:
Q: What changes can also affect the needs of consumption rates of a pop?
A: Technology, lifestyle, and standards of living.
Q: What happens as more nations develop industrially?
A: Their needs can be expected to increase faster than the population increases.
Q: As we progress through the years, what is the relationship between energy
consumption and population growth?
A: The energy consumption is increasing more than the population growth.
Q: How are growth rates measured?
A: By subtracting the death rates by the birth rates.
Vocab:
Demographer- The science of changing vital statistics in a human population.
Fields of society:
Water Conservation and Distribution- Conserves water and thinks of ways to distribute
water for everyone and other recreational uses.
Disease control (CDC) - Monitors health and that quality vaccines are given out. Assess
risks and research diseases and conditions.Collaborate with Urban Plan. - Facility space.
Urban Planners- Plan ahead for housing, irrigation, power plant recreation, revitalizing
sewers and transportation.
Department of Agriculture: To give correct serving sizes and check quality of food.
Make sure there is enough store food, watch and help farmers. Collaborate with water.
Shrinking Pop. Problems:
Culture/heritage, jobs reduced, taxation increases, empty houses, not enough army.
Chap 13.3
Q: How does overpopulation affect the ecosystem?
A: More resources are needed, disease and health problems spread, more space is
taken up, nations and societies rely on their neighbors.
Q: Why might it be hard to decrease birth-rate?
A: You cannot tell people when to stop having kids and how many they can have.
Q: Why might people want to have kids?
A: Some religions frown upon not having large families; they bring pride and joy to
many parents.
Q: Why do some scientists believe that overpopulation will be solved by technology?
A: Some believe with more brains, technology will improve which will help
overpopulation issues.
Q: Why do some environmentalists that there is a limit to how many ppl can live here?
A: The earth can only support a finite number of people comfortably.