Civics/US Final Exam Study Guide
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Jamestown experienced all of the following troubles:
The Great Compromise proposed that in the House of Representatives,
In Jay’s Treaty, the British agreed
The Confederation Congress was weakened because it could not
Spain ceded Florida to the United States when it signed the
The rulings of the Marshall Supreme Court established
At the Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton proposed
In 1492 Columbus made his first voyage across the Atlantic with financial backing from
King Philip’s War was a conflict between settlers and the
King George III declared the colonies “open and avowed enemies” after
The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution states that
In the Battle of Tippencanoe, who was the winner?
John C. Calhoun argued that because the states had created the federal union, they had the right to
declare a federal law invalid. This idea became known as
Supporters of the idea of Manifest Destiny believed that
What product did the Jamestown colony produce and sell to England for a profit?
The U.S. government is a federal system because it
The expedition that gave the United States claim to the Oregon Territory was led by
The two basic labor systems used to organize enslaved African Americans working in the fields were
The battle of the Alamo took place during
Enlightenment thinkers emphasized
To help the British East India Company sell its tea, Parliament passed the
Through the practice of ____, the British seized American sailors and forced them to work on British
ships.
Southern leaders did not want to abolish slavery because
Andrew Jackson defended the ____ by saying that it opened up the government to more ordinary
people.
Prison reform in the early 1800s focused on
The Wilmot Proviso was intended to
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Charles Sumner was beaten in the Senate because he accused other senators of
According to the Confederate Constitution, each state
The Freeport Doctrine held that people in the territories could keep slavery out of their state by
After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, “border ruffians” crossed into Kansas to
The Legal Tender Act allowed the government to
The purpose of Grierson’s raid was to
Placed in harbors to blow up ships, Civil War torpedoes are now known as
Under Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, many members of Congress rejected representatives elected by
Southern voters because they
Most members of the Free-Soil Party
The Kansas-Nebraska Act made tensions between North and South worse because it
In his inaugural speech, President Lincoln told the seceding states that he would
The American Party won many seats in Congress in 1854 by opposing
Lincoln fired McClellan because he
Which disadvantages did the South faced?
As one requirement for receiving a pardon under Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan, Southerners had to
The agreement that was thought to have been made between the Democratic and Republican Parties
that resulted in Hayes becoming president is known as the
In 1849 thousands of “Forty-Niners” came to California seeking
The Civil War began when
The book Uncle Tom’s Cabin is about _____.
47. A divisive issue that eventually contributed to the Civil War was whether to allow
48. What act created a national currency and allowed the government to issue paper money?
49. In the ____, Lincoln reminded his listeners that the United States was “dedicated to the proposition
that all men are created equal.”
50. Lincoln’s goal for Reconstruction sought to
51. The South never regained the offensive after the battle of
52. The ____ Party was formed to oppose the spread of slavery into the western territories.
53. Crittenden’s Compromise would have
54. Who was viewed by many Northerners as a martyr for the cause of abolition?
55. The Confederate Congress chose ____ as its capital.
56. The North had a large ____ advantage at the start of the Civil War.
57. General Sherman’s troops cut a path of destruction through Georgia on their
58. What political group did not want to reconcile with the South at the end of the Civil War?
59. What was the name for Northerners who came to the South after the War and who were viewed as
intruders seeking political and financial gains?
60. ____ occurs when we lack the resources to produce the things we want.
61. What is the term for the act of buyers and sellers freely engaging in market transactions?
62. When a job is broken down into several, smaller tasks that are performed by different workers, it is
called
63. If price changes have little effect on the quantity of a product demanded, the product is said to have
64. Which term means that stockholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation?
65. A product for which quantity changes very little when prices go up or down is said to be
66. Which of the terms describes an economy in which prices form the basis for economic decisions?
67. What do economists use to test solutions to questions for which there are no obvious or easy answers?
68. Resources needed to produce goods and services are called
69. ____ refers to the role of the consumer as ruler of the market.
70. What organizations do some workers join in order to have a better chance to obtain higher pay and
better working conditions?
71. Which term describes the total demand of all consumers for a company’s product or service?
72. Which term describes a government minimum price that can be charged for a good or service?
73. What is an example of a government price control?
74. What shows an economy’s production after the distortions of price increases have been removed?
75. When passed by Congress, ____ become laws that authorize spending for a particular activity.
76. Which laws are designed to control monopoly power and to preserve and promote competition?
77. The ____ is deducted from a worker’s paycheck to fund Social Security and Medicare.
78. ____ programs provide health, nutritional, or income payments to people meeting certain eligibility
requirements.
79. A ____ occurs when spending equals revenue.
80. An ____ is an unintended side effect of an action that affects someone not involved in the action.
81. ____ are the percentage of deposits that banks must set aside either in their vaults or in their Federal
Reserve district bank.
82. Which term refers to money that one level of government receives from another level?
83. Which term refers to a state paying part of the costs of a college education for resident students?
84. A ____ occurs when the government spends more than it collects in revenue.
85. ____ total revenues and spending for the year and set targets for how much will be spent in various
categories.
KEY
1. none of the colonists knew how to raise livestock or grow crops; the upper-class colonists refused
to do manual labor; the land was swampy and swarming with malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
2. the states would be represented according to the size of their population.
3. to not discriminate against the United States in trade.
4. impose taxes.
5. Adams-Onís Treaty.
6. dominance of the nation over the states.
7. gaining the right to vote.
8. Spain.
9. Wampanoag.
10. the attack on British troops in Quebec.
11. any powers not specifically given to the federal government are reserved for the states.
12. there was no clear winner.
13. nullification.
14. the nation was meant to spread all the way to the Pacific.
15. tobacco
16. divides power between national and state governments.
17. Lewis and Clark.
18. task and gang.
19. Texas’s fight for independence from Mexico.
20. logic and reason.
21. Tea Act of 1773.
22. impressment
23. the South relied on enslaved labor to sustain its agricultural economy.
24. spoils system
25. rehabilitating prisoners.
26. ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico.
27. destroyed the Whig Party and helped create the Republican Party.
28. forcing Kansas to become a slave state.
29. was independent.
30. refusing to pass laws to regulate and enforce slavery.
31. vote for a pro-slavery legislature.
32. issue paper money.
33. distract forces defending Vicksburg so Grant could land south of the city.
34. mines.
35. were former Confederate leaders.
36. wanted to preserve the territories in the West for white farmers.
37. repealed the Missouri Compromise.
38. not interfere with slavery where it already existed.
39. immigration.
40. let Lee’s army slip away at Antietam.
41. lack of military officers
42. accept the Union’s proclamations concerning slavery.
43. Compromise of 1877.
44. gold.
45. the Confederacy fired on Fort Sumter.
46. aroused antislavery sentiment in the North.
47. slavery to expand into the western territories.
48. Legal Tender Act
49. Gettysburg Address
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bring the South back into the Union.
Gettysburg.
Free-Soil
banned slavery north of an extended Missouri Compromise line and allowed slavery south of it.
John Brown
Richmond, Virginia
naval
March to the Sea.
Radical Republicans
carpetbaggers
Scarcity
voluntary exchange
division of labor.
inelastic demand.
limited liability
supply inelastic.
market
economic models
factors of production.
Consumer sovereignty
labor unions
market demand
price floor
minimum wage
real GDP
Antitrust
appropriations bills
payroll tax
Entitlement
balanced budget
externality
Reserves
intergovernmental revenue
subsidize
deficit
Budget resolutions