Cover Slide
Maps and Images for
McKay 8e
A History of Western
Society
Chapter 25
The Age of Nationalism,
1850-1914
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
"May Day" postcard
"May Day" postcard
In the late nineteenth century May 1 (May Day) was declared an annual international one-day
strike, a day of marches and demonstrations. Workers participated enthusiastically in these
annual strikes to honor international socialist solidarity, as this German postcard from a happy
woman visitor to her cousin suggests. Speeches, picnics, and parades were the order of the day,
and workers celebrated their respectability and independent culture. Picture postcards
developed with railroads and mass travel. (akg-images)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
"No Home Rule" poster
"No Home Rule" poster
Posters like this one--No Home Rule-helped to foment pro-British, antiCatholic sentiment in the northern Irish
counties of Ulster before World War I.
The rifle raised defiantly and the
accompanying rhyme are a thinly veiled
threat of armed rebellion and civil war.
(National Museums of Northern Ireland)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
1905 "Freedom" poster
1905 "Freedom" poster
This peasant woman, who appears as the
symbol of radical demands in the
Russian countryside in the revolution of
1905, holds aloft a red socialist banner
that reads "Freedom!" This vibrant
drawing is on the first page of a new
review featuring political cartoons from
the rapidly growing Russian popular
press. (New York Public Library,
Slavonic Division)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Cover page of Die Wehr
Cover page of Die Wehr
One of many nationalist movements in
the early twentieth century, the German
Army League ran organized campaigns
for increases in German army
expenditures. Their newspaper enjoyed a
circulation of over 300,000. This
engraving from the cover page of a 1914
edition of their newspaper suggests that
just as Germans had to rally for the
fatherland in 1813 and 1870, so they
may again have to defend it. (From The
German Army League, Marilyn Shevin
Coetzee (Oxford University Press))
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Dreyfus being shunned
Dreyfus being shunned
Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of
treason. In 1898 and 1899, the case split France apart; it became known as the Dreyfus affair.
Leaving an 1899 reconsideration of his original court martial, Dreyfus receives an insulting
guard of dishonor from soldiers whose backs are turned. Top army leaders were determined to
brand Dreyfus as a traitor. (Bibliotheque nationale de France)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel
Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel
For centuries many Italians had dreamed of national unity, but the reality was not achieved until 1861. This
painting/fresco by Cesare Maccari (1840-1919) depicts the historic meeting between the successful military
leader of the unification drive, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and the king of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel, at the Bridge
of Teano in the fall of 1860. This meeting sealed the unification of northern and southern Italy in a unified
state. With only the sleeve of his red shirt showing, Garibaldi offers his hand--and his conquests--to the
uniformed king and his modern monarchical government. (Scala/Art Resource, NY)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Garibaldi leads "Red Shirts"
Garibaldi leads "Red Shirts"
The revolutionary Italian firebrand Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) set sail for Sicily in May
1860, with but 1000 poorly armed, red-shirted followers, to help the island overthrow its
Bourbon ruler. This painting shows Garibaldi leading his Red Shirts to victory over the
Neapolitan Army. Garibaldi's successful conquests in the south and Count Camillo di Cavour's
in the north opened the way for Italian unification. (Scala/Art Resource, NY)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Gustave Dore's critique of Russian serfdom
Gustave Dore's critique of Russian serfdom
In this nineteenth-century engraving, the prolific French artist/illustrator Gustave
Dore (1832-83) reveals how landowners viewed their serfs as mere property that
could be won and lost with a draw on the cards. (Miriam and Ira D. Wallach,
Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox
and Tilden Foundation)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Italian strikers, 1890s
Italian strikers, 1890s
This detail from Pelizza da Volpedo
Giuseppe's (1868-1907) study for The
Fourth Estate depicts Italian strikers of
the 1890s. (Arborio Mella)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Language Ordinances, 1897
Language Ordinances, 1897
The Language Ordinances of 1897, which were intended to satisfy the Czechs by
establishing equality between the local language and German in non-German
districts of Austria, produced a powerful backlash among Germans. This wood
engraving shows troops dispersing German protesters of the new law before the
parliament building. (Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Manet, Le Dejeuner
Manet, Le Dejeuner
This painting by Edouard Manet (1832-1883) shows two clothed men and two women, one partially clothed
and the other completely nude, sharing a meal somewhere in the Parisian countryside. By painting the nude
woman as neither a goddess nor as part of an allegory, as was customary, Manet created an enormous scandal
among Parisian audiences. Criticism was also leveled against the style and form of the painting--there is no
chiaroscuro, and the forms are flat. But this was precisely Manet's aim, to make the human figures stand out
from the natural surroundings by using a frontal light to flatten the forms and to reduce the shadows. (Musee
d'Orsay Paris/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Lilbrary International)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Manet, The Barricade
Manet, The Barricade
In this detail from his painting The
Barricade, Edouard Manet (1832-1883)
captures a scene from the Paris
Commune of 1871. The communards are
trying to protect themselves with
barricades from the onslaught of
government troops. Although fewer than
one thousand government soldiers died,
over 25,000 communards were killed.
(Hungarian National Museum)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Matthew Brady, Soldiers at Antietam
Matthew Brady, Soldiers at Antietam
The American photographer Matthew Brady (1823-1896) took haunting photos of
nearly every facet of the Civil War. This one shows some of the bodies of the
Confederate soldiers who died at the Battle of Antietam in 1862. (Library of
Congress)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Portrait of Napoleon III
Portrait of Napoleon III
This painted portrait of Napoleon III is
an example of official art glorifying the
French emperor, who reigned from 1852
to 1870. He is framed by a Roman statue
on his right and the imperial eagle on his
left, both symbols of strength and glory.
(Giraudon/Art Resource, NY)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Riots in Italian parliament
Riots in Italian parliament
Party strife and conflicts between
individuals in the Italian parliament were
so severe in the late nineteenth century
that often they degenerated into
fisticuffs. This colored engraving from
the July 16, 1899 copy of La Domenica
del Corriere, an Italian newspaper,
catches a particularly violent moment of
parliamentary debate. (Madeline
Grimoldi)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Songsheet depicting Victoria as mother
Songsheet depicting Victoria as
mother
In this engraving from An Illustrated
Book of British Song, the image of
Queen Victoria intentionally contrasts
her reign with those of her predecessors.
Victoria is surrounded by four of her
children (eventually she would have
nine). Her predecessors had died leaving
no legitimate direct heirs, thus
endangering the regular succession to the
throne. This illustration announces that
the royal line is assured.
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Suffragist poster
Suffragist poster
This 1910 poster protested the forcefeeding of suffragettes on hunger strike
in Britain. It invited voters to reject the
Liberal government, guilty of what
suffragettes viewed as state torture.
(Library of Congress)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Uprising in Bulgaria poster
Uprising in Bulgaria poster
This 1879 lithograph by Georgi Dancov,
Free Bulgaria, depicts Bulgaria in the
form of a maiden--protected by the
Russian eagle, breaking her chains, and
winning liberty from the Ottoman
Empire. Semi-autonomy in 1879 was
followed by unification under Alexander
of Battenberg. (St. Cyril and Methodius
National Library, Sofia)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Wilhelm proclaimed ruler by Bismarck
Wilhelm proclaimed ruler by Bismarck
The ultimate blow to French pride and the culmination of the German nationalist movement
was the proclamation of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles on January 18,
1871. This painting, by the German painter Anton von Werner, depicts William (Wilhelm) I
presiding over the creation of the Second Reich, while Otto von Bismarck, the nation builder,
and the military theoretician Helmuth von Moltke stand at his feet. (Bismarck Museum/akgimages)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: Slavery in the United States, 1860
Slavery in the United States, 1860
This map illustrates the nation on the eve of the Civil War. Although many issues contributed to the developing tensions
between North and South, slavery was the fundamental, enduring force that underlay all others. Lincoln's prediction, "I
believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free," tragically proved correct. (Copyright (c)
Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: The Dominion of Canada, 1871
The Dominion of Canada, 1871
Shortly after Canada became a dominion in 1867, new provinces were added (the year that appears near each province's
name is the date the province joined the dominion). Still, vast areas of present-day Canada were too sparsely populated to
achieve that status. Alberta and Saskatchewan did not become part of the Dominion until 1905, Newfoundland only in 1949.
(Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: The Unification of Germany, 1866-1871
The Unification of Germany, 1866-1871
This map deserves careful study. Note how Prussian expansion, Austrian expulsion from the old German Confederation, and
the creation of a new German empire went hand in hand. Austria lost no territory, but Prussia's neighbors in the north
suffered grievously or simply disappeared. The annexation of Alsace-Lorraine turned France into a lasting enemy of
Germany before 1914. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: The Unification of Italy, 1859-1870
The Unification of Italy, 1859-1870
The leadership of Sardinia-Piedmont and nationalist fervor were decisive factors in the unification of Italy. (Copyright (c)
Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.)
Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.