Content
 Introduction
 Stratigraphic succession
 Description of Lithology
 Correlation
 Environments of Deposition
 Structures
 Fossils
 Economic importance
Introduction
 Vindhyan Super Group is the largest Proterozoic basin
of india.
 Sickle shape, ENE trending
Basement- Bundelkhand Craton
Concealed area- 1,62,000 km², Exposed- 62,000km²
 Covered by Indo- Gangetic plain & Deccan traps.
 Son-Narmada fault bounds the basin in the south & by
the Great Boundary Fault in the NW.
 Age –Meso Proterozoic to Neo Proterozoic.
The Vindhyan strata are exposed in three sectors:
1. Rajasthan sector
2. Bundelkhand sector and
3. Son valley sector
Geological Map of Vindhyan basin
G.B.F
N.S.L.
DECCAN TRAPS
Bhander Group-Maihar Sandstone
Sirbu Shale
Bundi Hill Sandstone
(1300-1500 m)
Lakheri Limestone
Ganurgarh Formation
Rewa Group-
Govindgarh Sandstone
.
Drummondganj Sandstone
(100-300 m)
Jhiri Shale
Asan Sandstone
Panna Shale
Kaimur Group -Dhandraul Sandstone
.
Mangeswar Formation
Bijaigarth Shale
Markundi Sandstone
(400 m)
Ghurma Shale
Sasaram Sandstone
Semri Group -
Suket shale
Rohtas Formation
Chorhat Sandstone
Bargawan limestone
Kheinjua shale
(3000-4000 m)
Chopan porcellanite
Kajrahat limestone
Arangi Shale
Deoland Sandstone
B.K.G , Supra Crystals , Bijawar Group
Disconformity/gradational conttact
Conformity/facies change….
Unconformity/Normal contact
Non-conformity/ Angular uncon.
Lithostratigraphy of the
Vindhyan Supergroup (Son
valley).
SEMRI GROUP:This is the bottom-most
Group of Vindhyan Super
Group
Its name derives from the
Semri River near Bijawar.
Semri Group rest over
Bundelkhand Granite nonconformable while has an
angular unconformity with
Bijawar Group.
 The basal Formation is
Deoland Sandstone consists
of conglomerate, crossbedded ferruginous
sandstone and shale ,exposed
mainly in Rajasthan.
 Kajrahat formation
contains mainly limestone
with few interbeds of
volcaniclastics and
siliciclastics
 Kajrahat limestone contain
Stromatolites.
Kajrahat limestone
.
 Sandstones with and
without mud partings and
layers in Chorhat
Formation.
The Semri stratigraphic
succession indicates the
events of transgression.
By-C. Chakraborty
 KAIMUR GROUP
 Its named derived after the
kaimur scarp.
 This group has conformable
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contact with Semri Group in Son
valley in Chittorgarh while it has
angular unconformable contact
at kalinjar fort.
This group contain mainly
sandstone & shales.
Basal Formation is Sasaram
sandstone
Ghurma shale is a succession of
finely laminated & silicified
siltstone & shales.
Markundi sandstone is arkosic in
nature & indicate shore face
environment.
The Bijaigarh Shales is
pyritiferous in nature & also
contain gypsum.
REWA GROUP
This group is characterised by
frequent lateral facies change.
 This group has conformable
contact with underlain Kaimur
Group.
 Basal Panna shale, without
any basal conglomarate,
indicates continuity of
deposition from Kaimur Group.
 Red shale, limestone, barytes
& glauconitic siltstone( Panna
Shale & Asan Sandstone)
indicate lagoonal environment.
 The coarsening upward
sandstone with mudcracks
suggested periodical exposure.
Panna Shale & Asan
Sandstone separated by a
diamondiferous
conglomarate at Panna.
 Drummondganj
Sandstone & Govindgarh
Sandstone are almost
arenitic & ferrogenous in
nature indicate fluviodaltaic or near shore
muddy tidal flat
environment.
BHANDER GROUP
•This Group lies conformably over
Rewa Group but elsewhere shows
an grdatinonal contact with Rewa
Group.
• The Ganurgarh chocolate shale
with stromatolitic limestone and
sandstone interbeds that contain
intraformational breccia , halite
casts, and scour and fill
structures, are indicative of
shoreline-lagoon-tidal flat
complex
•Lakheri Limestone with algal
mats and stromatolites,
desiccation structure, gypsum
layers and rare ooids suggests
an evaporitic environment.
Elsewhere, the limestone has
formed In the tidal flat-lagoon
environment.
(By- C.Chakraborty)
Correlation
 Kurnool System & The Raipur-Baster basin of M.P.
 Malani Volcanics ,Bhima Series, Sullavai Series.
 Cambrian formation of the Salt-Range(Purple Sandstone) is
equivalent to Upper Vindhyan.
 Unfossiliferous sediments of the Lesser Himalaya (Krol
Formation),the Nagthat Series (Jaunsar Series) are equivalents of
Vindhyan.
 The green and purple sandstone exposed on the Southwestern
flanks of the Mussoorie syncline have a good resemblance to the
Vindhyan Sandstone of the peninsula.
 Along the Jodh there are Fluvial-Deltaic rocks overlying the
Haimantas & having a resemblage to the Vindhyans and the
Nagthats.
Structures:Lamination,
Bedding plain,
Ripple marks,
Cross-bedding,
Current
bedding, Rainprint, Gradded
bedding,
Current-cresent
Structure,
Trough,
Slumping
Joints
Faults
Molar-thooth
herringbone
3 set joint
Cross Bedding
Parallel Lamination
Graded Bedding
Molar-Tooth Str.
Fossils:-
Stromatolite
 Stromatolites
 Trace Fossils
 Chuaria
 Tawuia
 Microbial mat Feature
By- S. Kumar
Stromatolite
Trace Fossil
Microbial Mat Feature
gChuaria circularis
Tawuia
gChuaria Circularis
By-S. Kumar
Economic Importance:o Diamonds-The Panna diamond field of M.P. in Rewa rock
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formation.
Limestone-The important deposit of limestone occurs in the
Son valley region of Bihar and U.P., Rewa and Jabalpur areas
of M.P., and Bhima valley region of Andhra Pradesh
Pyrite:- The Bijaigarh shales of the Kaimur group contain a
bed of pyrite. This bed outcrops at several places near Aajmor
in Shahabad district of Bihar.
Building stone:- The Vindhyan sandstone and limestones
yield excellent building stone.
Glass Sand:- Near Allahabad Vindhyan sands are being
mined for this purpose.
Summery
 Vindhyans are mainly sedimentry rocks (sandstone,
shale,limestone), of both fluival and marine
environments.
 Vindhyans are mainly tectonicaly undeform and
unmetamorphose in central region while in marginal
area they are deformed.
 They are mainly unfossiliferous, but a few formation
have some fossil records.
 Vindhyans are more economic due to presence of
diamonds, limestone, pyrite, building stone etc.